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modern + contemporary church history > World, 14th to 20th AD > Flashcards

World, 14th to 20th AD Flashcards

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1
Q

1300: Decline of Medieval Civilization

A
  1. Il tramonto della civiltà medievale nel sec. XIV
    1. Decline of:
      1. Monarchism (Idea of an empire) / Papacy / Scholasticism / Medieval cosmocentricism / Crusades + Knights
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2
Q

First Half of the 1300s: Avignon Papacy

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  1. La prima metà del sec. XIV: il papato avignonese
    1. Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303)
      1. Strong will + Ambitious / 1st conflict with France / Conflict with Belgium / 2nd conflict with France / Bull Unam Sanctam / Phillip’s solemn acusation of Boniface
      2. the first Jubilee and Holy Year / Stati Generali / “schiaffo” di Anagni
    2. The Birth of Ecclesiology
      1. Giacomo da Viterbo / Egidio Romano
    3. Pope Benedict XI (1303-04)
      1. Master General (Dominicans) + Peaceful / Resolution to Boniface – Phillip struggle
    4. Pope Clement V (1305-14)
      1. Loyalty to Boniface + Friend to Phillip / Curial transfer to Avignon // Condemnation of Boniface VIII / 15th General Council of Vienne
    5. Pope John XXII (1316-34)
      1. Last medieval struggle between empire + papacy / Franciscan spirituality / Fiscal system / Homily on the beatific vision
    6. Antipope Nicholas V
    7. Pope Benedict XII
    8. Pope Clement VI
      1. French / Purchase of Avignon / Black Death / Flagellants + persecutions of Jews / Charles IV
    9. Eastern Missions
      1. Mongol Empire / Marco Polo / Franciscan missionaries / China / Persia / India / Armenian Church / Khan of the Gold Clan
    10. Pope Innocent VI
      1. Conclave notes / In Christendom
    11. Blessed Pope Urban V
      1. Back to Rome / Back to Avignon
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3
Q

Second Half of the 1300s and the Great Eastern Schism

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  1. La seconda metà del sec. XIV e il Grande Scisma d’Occidente
    1. Pope Innocenzo VI
    2. Pope Urban V
    3. Pope Gregory XI
      1. Florence under interdict / St. Catherine of Siena / Wycliff / Left the Curia in confusion upon death
    4. Il Grande Scisma d’Occidente
    5. Pope Urban VI
      1. Conclave notes / Zealous reforms / Anagni/Fondi Conclave / Avignon-Rome papacies
    6. Wycliff’s Errors in England
      1. Rev. John Wycliff / Errors / Ecclesial intervention / Social movement / Synod of London / Inquisition
    7. La conversione della Lituania
    8. Battle of the Saints
      1. St. Catherine of Siena / St. Vincent Ferrer
    9. Faith in the Primacy
      1. Faithful doubt primacy of Peter / State takes up power in ecclesiastical matters
    10. Conciliar Theory
      1. Call for General Council to solve schism / Council’s authority greater than pope’s
    11. Pope Boniface IX
      1. Big nepotist / University of Paris’s three Schism solutions
    12. Antipope Benedict XIII
      1. seriously interested in unity / after elections refused resignation
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4
Q

The Council of Costanza and the End of the Great Schism

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  1. Il Concilio di Costanza e la fine del Grande Scisma
    1. Da due a tre obbedienze
    2. La convocazione del Concilio di Costanza
    3. La fine dello scisma
    4. La riforma della Chiesa
    5. La eresie
    6. Hus’ Errors in Prague
      1. John Hus / Excommunication / Constance / Hussite War
    7. Exaggerating the Schism: a second antipope
      1. Pope Innocent VII / Pope Gregory XII (negotiations) / Council of Pisa / Antipope Alexander V / Antipope John XXIII / Papal obedience in 1409
    8. Council of Constance
      1. Attendance / Main tasks / Voting / Popes / Concilar theory / Pope Gregory XII / Antipope Benedict XIII / Success of the Council / Frequens reform decree
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5
Q

The Council of Basilea – Ferrara – Firenze

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  1. Il Concilio di Basilea-Ferrara-Firenze
    1. Pope Martin V
    2. Pope Eugene IV
    3. Concilar theory
    4. Reunion with Eastern Church
      1. Motives from the East / Transferring the Council
    5. Conclusion of the Council
    6. Repercussions in the East
      1. Isidore of Kieve / Fall of Constantinople / Rejection of Union
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6
Q

The Church and Humanism

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  1. Chiesa e Umanesimo (Humanism)
    1. Overview / Relationship with the Church / Francesco Petrarch / Decree of Constantine / Humanist Popes (Nicholas V / Callisto III / Pius II / Sixtus IV / Innocent VIII / Alexander VI)
    2. Papal Nepotism
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7
Q

The Principal European States in the 1400s

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  1. I principali stati europei nel ’400 (Main European States)
    1. France / Germany / England / Italy / Spain
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8
Q

The Geopolitical Situation of the 1500s

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  1. Situazione geopolitica del sec. XVI
    1. Le grandi esplorazioni geografiche ad opera degli europei e l’incontro con nuovi mondi
      1. Spain / Portugal
    2. L’espansionismo aggressivo dell’Impero Ottomano
    3. La diffusione politica del protestantesimo
      1. Catholicism / Luteranism / Anglicanism / Zwinglinesism
    4. Il progetto universalistico dell’imperatore Carlo V e il conseguente scontro con la Francia
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9
Q

The Great Crisis of the Protestant Reformation

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  1. La grande crisi della Riforma Protestante
    1. 1483 - 1566
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10
Q

The Council of Trent and The Counter-Reformation

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  1. Il Concilio di Trento e la Controriforma
    1. Paolo III / 1st Period 1545 -7 / Guilio III / 2nd Phase 1551-2 / Paolo IV / Pio IV / 3rd Phase / Pio V / Gregorio XIII / Sisto V / Clemente VIII
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11
Q

Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation

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  1. Riforma cattolica e controriforma
    1. Many new religious orders
    2. Modern Roman Inquisition
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12
Q

The Religious Battles of the 1500s and Confessional Stabilization

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  1. Le lotte religiose del sec. XVI e la stabilizzazione confessionale
    1. England
    2. Ireland
    3. Scotland
    4. Portugal
    5. Spain
    6. France
    7. Belgium
    8. Holland
    9. Germany
    10. Switzerland
    11. Austria
    12. Hungary
    13. Denmark
    14. Sweden
    15. Italy
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13
Q

Missionary Activity of the 1500s

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  1. L’attività missionaria nel sec. XVI
    1. European expansion: Explorations and Colonial conquests
    2. Missions of Spain and Portugal
      1. American continent / Kingdom of Congo / Asia: St. Francis Xavier, Japan, India, Philippines / System of Patronato: Not a delegate, Private churches, Western Schism, Documents, Most important rights, Advantages, Disadvantages, Portuguese patroado, Spanish patronato
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14
Q

Catholic Latin Europe in the 1600s

A
  1. L’Europa latina cattolica nel sec. XVII
    1. Spain / Italy / France
    2. Jansenism: Problem / Chronology
    3. Gallicanesimo: France / The Four Gallican Articles
    4. The Persecutions against the Huggonots
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15
Q

Europe of the North and East in the 1600s

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  1. L’Europa del Nord e dell’Est nel ’600
    1. Britannic Isles
    2. Sweden
    3. Germany
    4. Eastern Europe
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16
Q

Missionary Activity in the 1600s

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  1. L’attività missionaria nel secolo XVII
    1. Colonial powers
    2. Spanish America: doctrinas / misiones / reducciones
    3. Brasil / Japan / Indochina / India / Tibet / Persia / Canada
    4. In the actual territory of the United States: New Mexico / Maryland
    5. The Congregration de Propaganda Fide
    6. The Issues of the Chinese Rites (1645-1742): First Part
      1. Matteo Ricci / Inculturation / “Christianization” of Confuscian philosophy / Questione dei Termini / Questione dei Riti (official traditional ceremonies in honor of Confucius, of the dead and of the gods, Chronology)
17
Q

General Characteristics of the 1700s

A
  1. Caratteri generali del sec. XVIII
    1. Society and Culture in 18th AD
      1. Political: Great powers
      2. Social: Absolute monarchy / Divine right of Kings / Confessionalization
      3. Economic: Merchantilism / Fisiocratica theory / Liberalism (classic political economy) / Industrial Revolution (Conditions)
      4. Great Scientific and Technical development: Scientific discoveries / Technical inventions
      5. Enlightenment Culture: Kantian definition / Exaltation of reason / Rupture with tradition / Exponents of continental Enlightenment
      6. Other aspects
    2. International Politics of the 18th AD
      1. North America
      2. South America
      3. Oceania
      4. Asia
      5. Africa
      6. Eastern Europe
      7. Western Europe
18
Q

The Church in Europe in the 1700s

A
  1. La Chiesa in Europa nel sec. XVIII
    1. Popes of the 1700s
      1. 1700-1721
      2. 1721-24
      3. 1724-30
      4. 1730-40
      5. 1740-58
      6. 1758-69
      7. 1769-74
    2. Clergy, Consecrated Life and Popular Religiosity in the 1700s
      1. Popular religiosity in Latin countries of the Catholic majority
      2. Clergy
      3. Religious orders
      4. Theology of the 1700s
      5. Jansenism of the 1700s
      6. Cesaropapismo
      7. Suppresion of the Jesuits
      8. Northern Europe
18
Q

Missions in the 1700s

A
  1. Le missioni nel sec. XVIII
    1. France and England
    2. Canada / Louisiana / California / Antille Francesi / Guiana Francese / Spanish America / India / Tibet / Indochina / The end of the issues with Chinese Rites (Chronology)
19
Q

The Pontificate of Pius VI: The French Revolution

A
  1. Il pontificato di Pio VI: la Rivoluzione Francese
    1. The Church in France on the eve of Revolution
    2. Religious Aspects of the Revolutionary Process
    3. Exportation of Revolution
20
Q

The Pontificate of Pius VII: The Napoleonic Period

A
  1. Il Pontificato di Pio VII: il periodo napoleonico
    1. 1799 and the Wave of Revolution / 1800 / 1801 – 15 / Ecclesiastical politics
    2. Italy in the storm of the Revolution (1789-1815)
21
Q

Period of the Restoration

A
  1. Il periodo della Restaurazione
    1. Through 1830
      1. 4 popes (Pio VII / Leone XII / Pio VIII / Gregorio XVI)
      2. General characteristics of the epoch
      3. Political situation of the Pontifical State
      4. Principal aspects of the Church 1815-30
    2. The pontificate of Gregorio XVI: Confrontation with Liberalism
    3. Restoration and Birth of the Italian national movement 1815-46
      1. Restoration and insurrection movements/riots
      2. Politics of the popes of the Restoration
      3. National political movements in Italy
    4. Missions in the Period of the Second Colonialism
      1. Second Colonialism
      2. Missions
22
Q

The Pontificate of Pius IX: I Vatican Council and the end of the Pontifical State

A
  1. Il pontificato di Pio IX: il Concilio Vaticano I e la fine dello Stato Pontificio
    1. Chronology of the life and works of Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti 1792 – 2000
    2. Principal aspects of the pontificate (1846 – 78)
      1. Magisterial activity in the dogmatic area
      2. Loss of temporal power
      3. Centralization of ecclesiastical governance
      4. Pastoral action
      5. Relations with the states
      6. New condemnation of Liberalism
      7. Cultural aspects
      8. Pio IX and Madonna dell’Apollinare
    3. Bilancio
      1. 4 great positive results and 2 great shortcomings
    4. The Italian Risorgimento and the End of the Pontifical State
      1. Revolution of 1848 / I Savoia at the helm of the national movement / The Kingdom of Sardegna / The Pontifical State / Catholicism and Liberalism / Birth of the Kingdom of Italy
      2. 1861 – 78
        1. From Castelfidardo a Porta Pia / The Final Years of the Pontificate of Pio IX
        2. Oppressive measures by the State upon the Church
        3. La Legge delle Guarantigie
        4. Il non expedit (Abroad / In Italy)
23
Q
  1. Il pontificato di Leone XIII: la risposta alla questione sociale
    1. Chronology (1810 – 1878)
    2. Period of Imperialism, Second Industrial Revolution, and Positivism
    3. Two inherited problems (Diplomatic isolation from the Holy See / Cultural Positivism and Rationalism)
    4. Social doctrine of the Church
    5. Magisterium on the political system
    6. State and Church in Italy during Leone XIII’s pontificate
      1. Leone XIII
      2. Kingdom of Italy
      3. State-Church relations
      4. Works of Congresses
    7. Relations between Missionaries and Colonizzers during the Second Colonization
      1. Introduction / France / Portugal / Spain / Others…
      2. The French Protectorate

The Pontificate of Leo XIII: the response to the social question

A
24
Q

The Pontificate of Pius X

A
  1. Il pontificato di Pio X
    1. Biographic notes (1835 - 1904)
    2. Time of His Pontificate (1903 – 14)
      1. Nationalism / Communism / Liberalism
    3. The pontificate
      1. Relations with the States / Reforming works / Modernism
25
Q

The Pontificate of Benedict XV: the First World War

A
  1. Il pontificato di Benedetto XV: la Prima Guerra Mondiale
    1. Biographic sketch from birth to pontifical election (1854 – 1914)
    2. The First World War: Remote causes / Scope of the War / Very devastating war / Consequences
    3. The Pontificate
    4. WWI and Colonialism
    5. WWI and the missions: Other, Example of a missionary in line with Benedict XV: Vincent Lebbe
    6. Benedict XV and Italy
26
Q

The Pontificate of Pius XI: the Church in front of totalitarianism

A
  1. Il pontificato di Pio XI: la Chiesa di fronte ai totalitarismi
    1. 1857 to 1922
    2. World between the Two Wars
    3. Few important aspects of the work of Pio XI
      1. Missions / Encyclicals / France / Spain / Italy / Germany / Mexico / Portugal
27
Q

The Pontificate of Pius XII: the Second World War and Communism

A
  1. Il pontificato di Pio XII: la Seconda Guerra Mondiale e il comunismo
    1. 1876 to 1939
    2. Pontificate: 1939 to 1958
      1. First
      2. Second
    3. Development of Communism / Western Europe / Proclamation of the Assumption of the BVM / Encyclicals / Vatican Scavi / Internalization of the Cardinalato and Promotion of the local episcopate / Attitude of the Holy See during WWII
28
Q

John XXIII (1958-1963)

A
  1. GIOVANNI XXIII (1958-1963)
    1. Life journey up to the Pontificate: 1881 to 1958
    2. World at the turn of the 50s and 60s
    3. The pontificate: The Council / Other aspects

modern + contemporary church history (2 decks)

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