Worksheet for Quiz 1 Flashcards

Question

What are some key points with mood disorders in the elderly?

Answer 1

1. masked depression- masquerading as other medical condition 2. can remain masked, undiagnosed /untreated - undiagnosed 50% of the time 3. social isolation 4. decrease med adherence 5. those taking SSRIs have more side effects than those take TCAs 6. suicide rate is highest among elderly men than all other age groups

Answer 2

1. at least 1 episode of persistent elevated mood (mania) and 1 episode of depression 2. anxious distress 3. rapid cycling 4. melancholic (pensive sadness, typically with no obvious cause) features - Atypical features - peri-partum onset

Answer 3

1. severe and prolonged periods of depression that alternate with brief periods of hypomanic episodes

Answer 4

less severe, less intense form of mania - may only last 4 consecutive days in most cases inflated self-esteem

Answer 5

Selective Serotonin re-uptake inhibitor -First line for Depression ( also used for anxiety, PTSD, and OCD) -Mechanism of action- blocks Serotonin re-uptake so there will be a higher level of serotonin in the synaptic space to attache to receptors and help your mood (because low serotonin=depression) ``` #1 most serious adverse effect (rare)- serotonin syndrome - do not want to take with other SSRIs ``` - do not take for bipolar can induce manic episodes - absorbed almost completely after oral adm., highly protein bound - sometimes used for eating disorders, panic disorders, personality disorders - less dx interactions than TCAs, however competitively inhibit liver enxymes responsible for oxidation of other drugs - SSRIs and MAOIs together = potentially fatal

Answer 6

Similar to SSRIs but are named after their molecular structure, rather than what they do (most MH drugs are name based on their action) - used for ADHD, OCD, diabetic neuropathy and enuresis (children under 6 y/o) - helpful when used with a mood stabilizer in treating acute depression in treating those with BP1 disorder - interact with amphetamines, arbituates, - They block the transmitters of Norepinephrine and serotonin- in turn blocking their re-uptake so it increases their concentration in the synaptic space. - broad mechanism of action - more side effects than SSRIs - easy to overdose on - long half lives - extremely fat soluble and accounts for their wide distribution throughout the body, slow excretion and long half-life - they also block acetylcholine and histamine receptors - Nursing process - check EKG, mood changes for effectiveness, assess for low BP and

Answer 7

- 2 classifications - hydrozines and non-hydrozines - absorbed rapidly and completely in the GI tract and - inhibit MAO, enzyme which metabolizes MA NT - makes more monoamines available to the receptors, therefore decreasing depression symptoms -

Answer 8

epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine

Answer 9

- Serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibitor

Answer 10

- The "Emotional Brain" | - thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

Answer 11

- Gamma Amino Beuteric Acid - most abundant inhibitory NT - amino acid classified as a neurotransmitter - helps promote relaxation and sleep - inhibits over excitation - balances the brain - contributes to motor control, vision, anxiety - higher levels = less anxiety - barbituates and benzodiezepimes act on GABA - too little GABA/decreased GABA firing = anxiety, insomnia, opposite of "calm body and mind" - gl

Answer 12

Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by constant attention-seeking, emotional overreaction, and suggestibility. A person with this condition tends to over-dramatize situations, which may impair relationships and lead to depression.

Answer 13

-abnormality of movement (psychomotor retardation) and behavior arise from a disturbed mental state - grimacing - echopraxia (mimicking movements of others) - echolalia (repeating words and sounds- mimicking) - posturing - stereotype movements - waxy flexibility - agitation - mutisim ( not speaking)

Answer 14

persistent depressive disorder (must have sx two years or more) -chronic, low level depression -depressed mood fluctuates with your 'normal mood' more days than not for >2 years

Answer 15

subtype of major depressive disorder - increased appetite - hypersomnia - leaden paralysis (feeling heaving, like you're walking through mud) - moods that are strongly reactive to environmental circumstance - rejection sensitivity - profound fatigue - personality and anxiety disorders are co-occuring) - mood may brighten in the presence of positive events

Answer 16

demonstrates a range of mood changes between moderate depression and hypo-mania Must be: 1 year in kids 2 years in adults

Answer 17

everyday sadness, disappointments

Answer 18

depression + psychotic features - delusions - auditory hallucinations (more common in bipolar disorder) risk factor for suicide

Answer 19

produce blockade of voltage sensitive sodium channels, resulting in stabilization of hyper excited neuro-membranes stops repetitive neuron firing TX: NURSING NOTES: monitor serum sodium levels b4 and during treatment- serious hyponatremia can occur; naeusa headach milase lethargy and confusion should be reported; dont stop . abruptly, not for use during prego, do not crush or chew, avoid alcohol, wear medical alert tag, report unusual bleeding, report SI