Works progress and quality management Flashcards

1
Q

What inhouse training have you done that helped you develop your understanding of recording progress and quality of building works?

A

I’ve undertaken:
– Weekly progress meetings.
– CPD on contract programmes to develop my understanding of recording progress and quality of building works.

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2
Q

How often do you typically undertake site inspections?

A

I typically undertake site inspections every 2 weeks depending on the duration and complexity of the works.

This can change based on the phase of the project and client requirements.

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3
Q

What kind of refurbishment schemes have you predominantly worked on?

A

I have predominantly worked on refurbishment schemes of residential buildings.

I have also had some experience with refurbishing historic and listed buildings.

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4
Q

Can you explain your process of cross-referencing the contract programme with progress on site?

A

I break down the contract programme into clear milestones prior to my inspection.

During the site inspection, I verify if the work has been done as per the programme.

This includes checking the quality and quantity of work complete.

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5
Q

What do you do if you identify delays to the project during these inspections?

A

If I identify delays during site inspections, I prepare a progress report and provide solutions to bring the project back on track.

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6
Q

What technique do you use to take clear photographs during site inspections?

A

I use high-resolution cameras.

Ensure images are taken in good light conditions.

I follow a system of taking photographs from standard positions to capture all aspects of the work.

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7
Q

What specific points or details do you include in your site notes?

A

I include details such as:
– The date.
– Work completed.
– Any issues observed.
– Weather conditions.
– The presence of site personnel.

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8
Q

How do you ensure these notes and photographs accurately reflect the site progress?

A

I cross-verify the notes and photographs with the actual site progress and the contract programme.

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9
Q

Wen reporting back to the client, what specific information do you provide them regarding site progress?

A

While reporting back to the client, I provide them with detailed analysis of the site progress, highlighting the work completed, quality of work, any delays or issues and proposed solutions.

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10
Q

What methods do you use to keep the client up-to-date about the project’s progress and quality?

A

To keep the client up to date about the project’s progress and quality, I use:
– Progress reports
– Weekly meetings
– Digital platforms

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11
Q

What was your role in the residential refurbishment scheme at Sandhills, Newark?

A

As a contract administrator, some of my specific duties included:
– Reviewing the contract documents.
– Managing the correspondence between the contractor and employer.
– Monitoring the progress of the refurbishment.
– Ensuring compliance with the contract.

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12
Q

Sandhills: What was the process you followed for the site inspection?

A

I followed a systematic process for site inspection.

This included observing each aspect of the work and checking for adherence to specifications.

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13
Q

What documents did you cross-reference on site to monitor the progress of the works?

A

I cross-referenced the project plan, design documents and works specification to ensure that the works were progressing as per schedule and standards.

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14
Q

What discrepancies did you identify during your site inspection? (Sandhills)

A

During the inspection, I identified the locks to the kitchen cupboards were not keyed alike as per the works specification.

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15
Q

Sandhills: How did the actual works on the external paving differ from what was on the tender drawings?

A

The actual works on the external paving differed from the tender drawings in terms of the layout which did not span the full width of the rear elevation as per the drawings.

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16
Q

Sandhills: What was the issue with the locks provided to the kitchen cupboards?

A

The locks provided for the kitchen cupboards were not as per the specifications agreed upon.

They needed to be keyed alike to allow support staff ease of accessing items without the need to carry sever sets of keys.

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17
Q

What action did you take after identifying the issues at Sandhills Park? (Quality)

A

I immediately communicated the issues to the contractor for rectification.

I also documented the discrepancies for record and future reference.

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18
Q

At Sandhills Park, How did the contractor respond to your queries?

A

The contractor was cooperative and responsive to my queries; he admitted the discrepancies and assured me that corrective actions would be undertaken immediately.

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19
Q

How did your role involving updating the client and what information did you include in the progress report?

A

I was responsible for providing regular updates to the client.

The progress report included details about the completed works, pending works, issues encountered, actions taken, and the revised timeline.

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20
Q

At Sandhills Park, How did the process of rectification impact the programme of works?

A

The rectification process led to a slight delay in the programme of works.

However, the contractor managed to bring in more resources to minimise the impact on the programme and the works were completed on time.

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21
Q

At Mountney Place; Can you describe how you utilised your firms internal tracker?

A

I used my firm’s internal tracker to monitor progress against the schedule, keep track of any changes to the contract, and to maintain an easily accessible record of all correspondences regarding the project.

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22
Q

How did you communicate with the client regarding the monitoring of progress at Mountney Place?

A

I kept the client informed about the project’s progress through weekly emails and monthly meetings.

The emails included a summary of works complete and an update on the overall project timeline, while the meetings allowed for more detailed discussions.

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23
Q

How often did you undertake site visits at Mountney Place & Sandhills Park, Newark?

A

Weekly.

Short in duration works so it was crucial to inspect regularly to ensure the project was completed on time for the tenants moving in date.

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24
Q

Mountney Place: How could the delay to the joinery works been avoided?

A

The delay could have been avoided by ensuring that the contractor had a thorough understanding of the timelines.

A stricter supervision of the joinery works would have helped.

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25
Q

What were the potential effects of the delay of the joinery works on the decoration?

A

Caused the decoration works to also run behind schedule.

This could have resulted in non-completion and extended completion time.

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26
Q

Mountney Place: How did you raise the issue with the contractor and what was the response?

A

The issue was formally raised to the contractor via email detailing the concerns.

The contractor responded by assuring the joiner works will complete the following week and provided an updated programme.

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27
Q

What is the significance of conducting regular site inspections during building works?

A

Ensures the project is progressing as per the project plan and quality standards.

This helps early identification of potential issues or delays.

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28
Q

Sandhills /Mountney Place: What measures were taken by the contractor to prevent impact on the completion date?

A
  • Extra resources
  • Weekend working
    This ensures project delays were prevented
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29
Q

What is the differences between the duties of a Contract Administrator and Clerk of Works?

A

The Contract Administrator’s role is more administrative and contractual.

The Clerk of Works ensure that building works meet the specification and quality of works.

Contract Administrator
- Administering the contract between the client and the contractor.
- Ensure the conditions are met in a timely manner.
- Managing payments
- Resolving contract-related issues
- Variations
- Issuing certificates.

Clerk of Works
- Ensure work carried out is as per the plans, specifications, and quality standards.
- Regular site inspections
- Quality control
- Monitoring progress
- Liaising with the site team, and reporting any defects.

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30
Q

What are the duties of a contract administrator to assess quality of works?

A

Regular Inspections: To comply with the project timescales and contractual specifications.

Issue of the certificate of making good defects following the defect liability period.

Compliance: The Contract Administrator is responsible for ensuring that works comply with planning and building regulations, as well as any other relevant legislation or standards

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31
Q

What actions need to be taken if delays are noticed?

A

I would assess the impact of delay on the overall project timeline and report it to the client.

Corrective actions such as overtime work or rescheduling activities can be taken.

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32
Q

Why do you take photographs during site inspections?

A

Photographs and detailed notes provide a factual and visual record of the works.

They assist in tracking progress and mitigating disputes in the future.

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33
Q

Whats the importance of keeping clients up to date on site progress?

A
  • Builds trust
  • Ensures transparency.
  • This allows the client to make informed decisions.
  • Provides an opportunity to discuss and resolve any issues promptly.
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34
Q

Under what circumstances would a third party need to inspect works quality?

A

Third parties, such as cut edge corrosion providers to ensure compliance with their standards to satisfy the guarantee.

Public authority representatives may also need to inspect works’ quality to ensure compliance with industry standards, regulatory guidelines.

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35
Q

What is the role of a guarantee in construction and building works?

A

This is a promise that the material and workmanship are free from any faults or defects.

Offers protection to the client against financial loss for a specified period of time in case of any defects or failures.

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36
Q

What is a Clerk of Works?

A

A clerk of works is employed as a client representative.

Under the direction of the CA to act independently.

Checks the works are carried out in accordance with:

  • Specification
  • Building Regulations
  • British Standards
  • Health & Safety Regulations
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37
Q

What powers does a Clerk of Works have?

A

The only duty of the Clerk of Works is to inspect and report findings to the CA.

If a Clerk of Works gives a direction to the Contractor, it has no effect.

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38
Q

What happens if the Contractor does take an instruction from the Clerk of Works?

A

The contractor would be in breach of the Contract for taking instruction from the CoW.

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39
Q

You are clerk of works and notice a potential serious defect, the Contractor needs to rectify it asap to avoid disruption or delay. Should he proceed to rectify the defect under your instruction?

A

The Contract Administrator/Employers Agent must always confirm the instruction never the CoW.

If the Contractor proceeds under your instruction they may not be paid for this work.

Only the Architect/CA/EA can issue instructions.

If the CoW noticed serious defective workmanship on site, they would contact the Ar/CA/Ea immediately and circulate the defect found around the project team and copy the contractor in.

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40
Q

Why doesn’t the Clerk of Works have the power to make instructions?

A

To avoid creating confusion between the Design team and what the CoW has instructed.

41
Q

Who does the Clerk of Works have a duty to, the Employer or the Contractor?

A

The Employer.

They have no duty to find defects on behalf of the Contractor.

42
Q

What else would a Clerk of Works consider during an inspection as well as quality of workmanship?

A
  • Compliance with CDM duties regarding health and safety on site.
  • How much labour is on site.
  • Progress against the Contract programme.
43
Q

What would happen if a Clerk of Works was negligent?

A

If negligence is proven, the Clerk of Works can be held liable.

The legal liability may depend upon the terms of their contract.

They may be required to pay compensation for any damages caused by their negligence, particularly if it results in financial loss, physical harm, or even death.

This doesn’t remove liability from the Contract Administrator, but if the Employer sued the CA, the damages paid may be reduced on account of negligence on the CoW.

44
Q

What if a contractor ignores the defects identified by a Clerk of Work?

A

As long as the defects are recorded and the CA has been notified, they will not be negligent.

It is up to the CA to instruct the Contractor to rectify.

45
Q

What if a contractor ignores the defects identified by a Contract Administrator?

A

This could cause financial and legal implications.

I would issue a ‘defects list’ or ‘snagging list’ to specify outstanding work /defective work.

If these defects are not addressed by the contractor within a reasonable time frame, then the CA can:
- Issue a Non-compliance Notice: This is a formal way of reminding the contractor about their duty to rectify defects and meet their obligations under the contract.
- Withholding Payments: If the non-compliance notice is ignored, the CA may withhold payment until the defects are rectified.
- Re-allocating the work: In extreme cases, the CA has the power to allocate the unfinished or defective works to another contractor. The costs could be deducted from the contractor’s contract sum.
- Legal Action: If the defects are major and the contractor is still not complying, the CA may recommend that the client takes legal action against the contractor for breach of contract. Communication is key to resolving issues like these.

46
Q

What is defacement and is it allowed?

A

The action or process of spoiling the surface or appearance of something.

The CoW role is purely to inspect.

47
Q

What is snagging?

A

Identification of minor defects as the project approaches completion.

Snagging is not a term used in any contract and does not have an agreed meaning.

48
Q

Does a snagging list have contractual significance?

A

If issued by the Contract Administrator this could prevent issuing Practical Completion.

49
Q

Who produces the snag list?

A

The Contract Administrator.

There is no mention in the JCT Contracts of snagging.

50
Q

At what stages of the project should Building Control come out to inspect the work?

A

Work commencement (15%)
Key stages such as:
- Excavation before backfill
- Foundations before closure
- DPC
- Drains before cover up
- Ground beams and steel work
- Insulation
- Roof construction
- Completion.

51
Q

What is float on a constuction programme?

A

To describe the amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the overall completion of the works.

Float is calculated by subtracting the time necessary to perform a task from the time available to perform it.
Only an item not on the critical path can have float.

52
Q

There are two types of float, what are they?

A

Total and Free.
- Total Float: Maximum amount of time available to complete works against actual duration.
- Free Float: Represents the delay allowed for an activity without affecting the starting of another activity.
Float items are something which isn’t going to hold up an item of work which follows such as external rendering. (electrics may hold up internal plastering for example).

53
Q

What is the critical path?

A

The minimum timeframe for completing items of work which if delayed would hold up the following items of work.

For example you cannot construct the roof until the walls and floors have been installed.

54
Q

Do you use any software when carrying out inspection to report back to your client?

A

Site Audit Pro

I take photographs with notes by each photograph which is populated into a clear report for the client.

This increases efficiency and ensures accuracy of property inspections.

55
Q

Why is it important to monitor works progress?

A

To identify problems

Ensure the contractor is completing the works to the quality expected.

56
Q

Talk me through your understanding of Surveying Safely in relation to works monitoring.

A

‘monitoring is about ensuring the controls and work methods have been put into effect’.

Monitoring works may also include seeking evidence that;

  • Site rules are being adhered to
  • Method statements are being followed
  • Individuals working on site are competent
  • Site supervision is present
  • Waste is being managed
57
Q

Where it’s deemed that poor work practices are identified, what would you do?

A

Instruct the contractor to rectify the poor workmanship at no additional cost.

Poor work practices may require closer monitoring.

If complete disregard of risk has occurred;
- Works should be stopped
- The area is to be made safe
- Contractor to be removed from site

58
Q

What does the RIBA Plan of Works state about inspections?

A

‘Inspections should be undertaken by individuals with experience of similar construction technologies.

On larger project, a monthly quality report to record issues identified and monitor progress is to be used.

Smaller projects frequent site visits and immediate identification of areas where construction quality is not being achieved is suitable.

59
Q

What is a clerk of works?

A

The clerk of worksrepresents the client and provides an independent assessment of the works being undertaken and will check:

  • Workmanship at critical stages
  • Provide insight on project progression
  • Ensure works are constructed in line with the specification of materials.

They should be involved as early as possible to ensure they are familiar with the specifications.

JCT standard forms of contract have a provision for the role (not minor works)

60
Q

What is the difference between a clerk of works and a CA?

Tell me about your understanding of the differences between the duties of a CA and those of a person appointed solely to report on progress and quality issues?

A

A clerk of works regularly inspects the site for quality and workmanship and is a site based role.

A contract administrator administers the terms of the contract and acts as an interface between the contractor and employer, they are not classed as site based roles and undertake weekly / stage visits and issue notices and documents.

The clerk of works cannot instruct the contractor to undertake any works and they are not named in the contract, the CA would have to do this.

61
Q

What is required to carry out a site inspection?

A

PPE
Drawings
Specification,
Programme
Measurement equipment
Note taking equipment
Camera

62
Q

Why is it important to record progress of the works?

A

Recording progress of the works enables a comparison against the programme.

This ensures works are being completed as per the specification.

63
Q

How do you ensure the client is kept up to date with a project’s progress?

A

Through progress meetings, telephone calls and emails.

On a recent project;
- I issue weekly contractor progress reports,
- Hold fortnightly calls to provide a full overview of all projects and discuss any instructions required.

Also I keeping a working account ensures that adds and omits are kept up to date to minimise disputes down the line.

64
Q

What regulations apply to quality and workmanship?

A

Building Regulation Approved Document 7: materials and workmanship.

Regulation 7 requires building work is carried out;

  • with adequate and proper materials that are appropriate for the circumstance
  • In a work like manner.

Section 1 refers to materials
Section 2 refers to workmanship

65
Q

Why is it important to keep clients informed of the progress of works?

A
  • To mitigate any concerns for the project completing on time.
  • To ensure client satisfaction.
  • To enable any changes to be requested and undertaken and any delays mitigated
66
Q

What would you do if a project is behind schedule?
What type of dispute might arise?

A

Discuss what the reasons for the delay and understand the impact on the overall programme.

Review any extension of time should a relevant event have occurred.

If a relevant event had not occurred, I would advise that liquidated damages would be applied should non-completion occur to the amount stated within the contract.

67
Q

What would be in the agenda for a progress meeting?

A
  • Introduction
  • Review of previous minutes, any outstanding actions
  • Review of health and safety issues / concerns
  • Review of progress / programme
  • Review of instructions and outstanding items required by contractor
  • Review of any statutory issues
  • Client comments
  • Any other business
68
Q

What headings go into a site progress report?

A
  • Date
  • Works completed this week
  • Programme
  • Planned Works
  • Risks
  • Health and safety issues
  • Photographic schedule
69
Q

During a typical site progress inspection, explain how you recorded progress and what information you took during your inspections?

A

Compare the works executed on site with the contractor’s programme to ensure that they are still on programme.

Review of the schedule of works on site, work through it item by item and note any areas of concern.

Ensure that works on the critical path were completed / being undertaken as per the contractor’s programme.

I would discuss any anticipated delays to progress such as lead in times are going to impact on completion.

70
Q

Are you aware of any case law relating to inspection obligations?

A

Ian McGlinn v Waltham Contractors Limited.

Architect weekly visits were inadequate as they missed key works. Key principles from the case include;

  • The frequency and duration of inspections should be tailored to the nature of the works.
  • Depending on the importance of the element, the inspecting professional can instruct the contractor not to cover up elements until they have been inspected.
  • The fact that defective work has been covered up, does not amount to a defence for the inspecting individual
71
Q

What is the process if you suspect defective works has been closed up by the contractor?

A

Under the JCT contract, the CA is permitted to instruct the contractor to open up completed work for inspection or arrange for testing of any of the work / materials if they have reasonable grounds for suspecting defective work / material.

The CA is to instruct this as soon as it becomes apparent that it needs actioning to help mitigate any additional costs.

72
Q

Following request of opening up works; If the works were found not to be defective, is the contractor entitled to an EoT and loss and expense?

A

I no defective works are observed, the cost for opening up and testing are added to the contract sum.

The contractor may be entitled to an EoT and loss and/or expense.

73
Q

Can the contractor object to opening up works?

A

The contract makes provision for the contract administrator to instruct that inspections are carried out and that tests are undertaken on completed work where they suspect that there may be defects.

The contractor has the right to object within 10 days of the instruction to undertake additional opening up works.

If the CA and principal contractor cannot agree, then the employer and PC may need to refer to the contractual dispute resolution processes.

74
Q

What would you issue if works are found to be defective?

A

A defects notice / or schedule of defects would be issued if works are on-going.

Once completed, a certificate of making good can be issued.

It may lead to a non-completion certificate should the works not be completed on time / to the correct specification.

75
Q

How do you ensure quality of workmanship when attending site?

A

I review the specification to ensure the works are being completed as specified.

I attend site and inspect at key stages for example during laying a new roof to ensure elements are properly installed e.g. Insulation is installed throughout.

76
Q

What documents set out the quality of works for a project?

A
  • The contract documents.
  • Material and workmanship clauses in the NBS preambles

The JCT contracts has provisions for materials, goods and workmanship. In the intermediate contract;
- Clause 2.1 - the contractor is obliged to carry out the works in a proper and workmanlike manner in compliance with contract documents and construction phase plan
- Clause 2.2.1 - where and to the extent that approval of the quality of materials or goods or standards of workmanship is a matter for the architect, such quality and standards shall be to his reasonable satisfaction. Ie. where description of standard of works is omitted, the contractor shall provide something fit for purpose

77
Q

When are building control inspection required?

A

Building control inspections are required at relevant stages including:
- Commencement
- Excavations
- Foundations
- DPC
- Completion.

78
Q

What is your understanding of the term critical path?

A

The critical path refers to the sequence of activities that must be completed on time in to ensure the overall project is completed.

The activities identified within the critical path are dependent on one another and must be completed in a specific order.

A delay in one activity on the critical path will result in a delay of the overall project.

79
Q

Have you had experience where there has been a delay on the critical path?

A

Yes, at Mountney Place the joinery works were not completed in line with the programmed which delayed the critical path for decoration.

The joiner agreed to working over the weekend to ensure the critical path wasn’t delayed.

80
Q

What is the risk of over-valuing works?

A

If a contract becomes insolvent during the project, the employer will be at a loss.

81
Q

Who has the final say regarding how much the contractor gets paid?

A

The employer through issuing a pay less notice should they wish to reduce the payment amount.

This has to be at least 5 days before the final date for payment.

82
Q

What is critical path analysis?

A

A technique that defines the sequence of activities that determine the programme duration.

83
Q

What is a float?

A

It is the ‘spare’ time available in which an activity can be delayed or prolonged without it causing any impact on the following activities and/or the completion date.

84
Q

What legal guidance is there for when building works should be inspected, at what frequency and what should be looked at?

A
  • The frequency and duration of inspections should be tailored to the nature of the works.
  • Depending on the importance of the element, the inspecting professional can instruct the contractor not to cover up elements until they have been inspected.
  • The fact that defective work has been covered up, does not amount to a defence for the inspecting individual
85
Q

What on site measurements/test can you do to ensure that ready mixed concrete is of the correct mix?

A

The slump test could be carried out on site.

It checks the consistency of new concrete.

Concrete is poured into a steel cone, tipped out and the slump is monitored.

86
Q

What is the difference between a Guarantee and Warranty?

A

Guarentee
* The guarantee acts as a promise made by the manufacturer.
* Less formal than a warranty as this can be written or oral.
* Guarantees are free of whereas a warranty can be chargeable.
* Product only

Warranty
* Written assurance that the information provided about the product is true and accurate.
* Products & Services

87
Q

Why do third parties need to inspect for quality? And can you give me an example?

A

Third parties need to inspect for quality to ensure that it meets all the necessary standards and legal requirements.

  • Building Control: Compliance with Building Regulations
  • Product Manufacturerers /Giromax: To ensure there product has been installed in accordance with their recommendations to honour the warrantee.
88
Q

Why do third parties need to inspect to provide a guarantee?

A

An example would be cut edge treatment works.

The product manufacturer inspects the work to ensure there product has been installed in accordance with their recommendations to honour the warrantee.

89
Q

How do you ensure the correct materials /specification has been used during an inspection?

A
  • I cross reference the SoW with the materials used on site.
  • I insepct at key stages throughout the work.
  • Example: Paintwork didn’t seem the correct shade, I checked the garage and found trade paint tins when the specification listed a certain colour from the Dulux range.
  • Check O&M information /Product Guarantees /Product data sheets /Installation guides
  • Obtain sample testing if not included and unsure.
90
Q

Can you give me an example of when further tests may be required to determine quality?

A
  • opening up works to confirm works undertaken /concealed by the contractor.
  • Thermal imaging for concealed items /to ensure no thermal break.
  • Boroscope inspections to inspect cavity or Type C basement waterproofing system to check channels
91
Q

How would you deal with a contractor subsidising a different building product?

A
  • Gather the facts – why has a different product been used /has the specified product become obsolete.
  • Check if there has been any compromise on the performance of the new product.
  • Look for any cost reduction.
  • Inform the client
92
Q

How would you assess the suitability of materials?

A

I would check the declared performance and suitability for the works.
- CE Marking: Materials regulated under the Construction Product Regulation.CE Marking makes reference to the performance level which will be on the product /packaging and accompanying documents.
- Testing Methods /Sampling
- Past experience

93
Q

How would you establish the adequacy of workmanship?

A

Regular site inspections at key intervals to ensure the work is being carried out in accordance with relevant British Standards.

Tests can be undertaken to show that workmanship is appropriate.

94
Q

Are you aware of any regulations relating to works quality?

A

Building Regulations: Approved Doc 7 (Materials & Workmanship)

95
Q

When the design changes occur, what steps do you take to mitigate the programme delays?

A
  • I would assess the impact of the change on the overall project.
  • Communicate the changes with all parties.
  • Request an updated project programme
  • Regularly monitor the progress and keep all parties updated on the status. This helps to ensure everybody is on the same page and any further delays or problems can be addressed quickly.
96
Q

How do you record whether defects have been rectified?

A

Site Inspection:Inspect the property to identify whether the defects have been rectified.

Take photographs to provide visual evidence to document /Report to the client.

Issue all the related documents such as warranties related to the repair. These records are important if disputes arise or if further repairs are needed in the future.

Certification:If at the end of the project a certificate of making good defects will be issued which is in agreement that the defects have been rectified.

97
Q

How does the Clerk of Works differ from the CA role?

A

CA reports directly to the client and oversees the work of the contractor.

Clerk of Work often reports to the contract administrator /project manager, providing an independent review of the quality of the work.
The Contract Administrator is responsible for administering the contract between the client and the contractor.
- Ensuring all parties are adhering to the contractual requirements
- Managing payments
- Dealing with any contractual queries /delays

The Clerk of Works is responsible for monitoring the quality of the work on site. They do this by:
- Checking materials
- Workmanship
- Ensuring works are in line with the specifications, drawings, and contract documents.

A Contract Administrator gets involved in the project before it starts on site and stays involved until the end. They often deal with any post-completion issues as well, such as final account and defects liability period.

Clerk of Works is usually involved once the construction phase starts, focusing mainly on the practical aspects of work done on site.

98
Q

What does the JCT contract say about Materials, goods and workmanship?

A

Clause 2.2 (Materials, goods and workmanship)

The quality of materials and standards of workmanship is a matter for the CA approval.

99
Q

Why is it important to measure quality of works?

A

For longevity of the building design.