Workplace Theory Flashcards
Stepstools
Lightweight, sturdy and compact. You can stand on top of stepstool
Portable work stand
Sawhorses, or material supports. A 2 foot model can be used as a step stool.
Single stepladders
Most popular used for low or medium heights.
Double or twin stepladders
Allows two people to work on them
Platform ladders
Has regular steps and a large standing surface a couple rings up.
Single ladder
Single section non extendable ladder. Mid range height and ideal for repeated tasks at a constant height
Extension ladder
Handle a wide range of tasks at varying elevations and are most popular long ladder.
Things to consider when choosing a ladder.
Your height
Height you want to reach
Style of ladder
You can stand on top two rungs of ladder
False
Ladder ratings
Super heavy duty 375 lbs
Extra heavy 300
Heavy duty 250
Medium duty 225
What are ladders made of and uses
Wood- non conductive when clean and dry
Aluminum- string, light weight, and corrosion resistant
Fiberglass- electrically non conductive and strong
4 to 1 ladder ratio
4 meters of length needs 1m of setback and 1m above roof.
Stepladders use a 6 to one ratio for each side
True
What are scaffolds
Temporary elevated work platforms and supporting structures
The load of a scaffold must be known and static.
True
What is frame scaffold?
Most widely used, is a welded assembly of tubular members joined with cross races, connecting pins, bases, brackets, and guardrails.
Most common frame widths and heights?
3’ and 5’ are common widths and 5’ and 6’6 are common heights.
What is tube and coupler scaffold?
Also called tube and clamp is flexible and versatile in providing access and design freedom.
What is modular system scaffold?
Similar to tube and clamp but much easier to assemble.
Suspended scaffold?
Platforms supported by wire.
What is the max height and load of a scaffold?
It can not be more than 3 times the height of the smallest dimension of its base.
The scaffold must be strong enough to hold 4 times the imposed load.
When must a scaffold be tied in?
Every 4.6 meter vertical and 6.4 meter horizontal.
Explain scaffold guardrails?
Consists of guardrail posts, the guardrail, the midrail, and a toebord if needed.
Five factors to consider when choosing a scaffold?
Availability Cost Workforce expertise site parameters Expected loads, terrain
What is rigging?
It is the bringing together of various lifting devices to raise or lower materials or equipment.
Fiber rope?
It is made of Manila, sisal, cotton, or coir. It can be twisted or braided
Nylon ropes provide the greatest strength and is approximately 2.5 times stronger than manila
True. It is also resistance to moisture and rot.
How to determine rope load strength?
5 to 1 for new rope or 10 to 1 for an older rope
What is a bowline knot?
It is used for hoisting safety lines and for hitching around posts and rings.
Figure 8 knot?
Used for tying two rope ends that are equal diameter.
Sheepshank knot?
Used to shorten up excessively long ropes that may pose a tipping hazard.
Sheet bend (single or double)
Used to join lightweight to medium weight ropes of two different diameters.
What are slings?
Hardware components that are used to fasten loads to hitting equipment for the purpose of safely moving loads to the elevations.
Slings should not be used at less than 60 degree angles
True
The lower the number gauge wire the more snps it can hold.
True
Heavy duty drills usually have a chuck capacity of 12mm or 1/2” and larger.
True. Smaller drills 1/4” and 3/8” may have a keyless chuck.
Another name for angle drills?
Hole saws.
What are twist drills?
Also known as drill bits consist of 3 main parts: the shank, the body, and the point. They can be designated by number, letter, or metric units.
What are two types of shanks on a twist drill?
Taper shanks and straight shanks. Straight shanks are held in a Jacob’s chuck and are used on drills up to 1/2” diameter. Taper shanks are used on drills larger than 1/2” diameter. All taper shank drills have a morse taper that fits in a morse chuck.
What are helical flutes on the body of a twist drill?
These are grooves that carry chips up and out of the hole.
The point of the twist drill is where all the cutting takes place. The chisel edge is the portion remaining between flutes. It does not cut and should be as small as possible.
True
What should the drill point angle be?
118 degrees and a lip clearance of 10 degrees
How do concrete and masonry bits differ from regular bits?
These bits have a carbide tip that is strong enough to take the scraping and hammering action of drilling into hard materials without chipping and shattering.
What are unishears?
These are hand power shears used to cut metal. The metal on one side of the cut line has to be moved out of the way of the shear, leaving that piece distorted.
What are niblers?
These use a punching action that punches out small squares of metal. The pinching action leaves the metal undistorted kn both sides of the cut line.
Double cutting shears?
They make two cuts in the metal leaving a small strip of waste.
What are the capacities for a standard hand brake?
Ranges from 22 gauge mild steel to 12 gauge mild steel.
Box and pan break?
The fingers offer the ability to form a box or pan from one piece of metal. The fingers of the box and pan must be properly seated in the top leaf to avoid damage to the break.
Operating procedures of a box and pan break
Never bend band iron, rod, or wire. Use the middle of the break to equalize the strain on the break for shorter pieces.
What is an electromagnetic brake?
Also called a megnabend uses electricity to produce a magnetic force to bring down clamping members, known as keepers, on to the metal to make complex shapes that are not possible in a standard brake or box and pan brake.
What is a squaring shear?
Foot shear. Squaring shears are equipped with gauges, which are used as stops. These include a back gauge, side gauges, front gauge, and a bevel gauge.
What is a noyes groover?
Floor machine used to finish groove sensor various sizes much quicker than working by hand.
Describe a di-acro hand manual bender?
Used to bend various diameters of tubing and solid round bar stock up to 1” round mold steel. Can also bend square tubing, flat bar, angle iron and channel.
Senistive drill press
Floor drill press for small, precise work.
Cutting speeds and feeds of twist drills
Cutting speed is the rate at which the cutting edge of a tool moves through metal ,measured in feet per minute. Cutting fluids will reduce the heat causing the tool to be used at a higher speed.
Horitzontal band saws.
Only straight cuts. Are sized by the largest piece of material they can cut.
What is a contour band saw?
Also called a vertical band saw. Mainly used for shapingmetal rather than cutting length of stock. Can cut complex shapes.
Describe pedestal grinders.
Sometimes called floor grinders. Wheel guards should extend 30° to 45° past the vertical. Tool rests should be mounted so that there is no more than 3mm (1/8”) between the grinding wheel and the tool rest and aligned so that the surface is 1/4” to 1/2” below the center of the grinding wheel.
What are blotters (grinding wheel).
They are a heavy piece of paper attached to each side of the grinding wheel. They protect the flanges from the abrasive grit of the wheel. They also compensate for uneven surfaces of the wheel, and they have important info on them.
What is dressing and truing of grinding wheels.
Dressing is the operation of cleaning or restoring the sharpness of a wheel that has become glazed or loaded with foreign particles. Truing is the removal of material.
Purpose of a press break.
Also known as a power break it utilizes various types of punches or dies to form the metal.
Explain spot welders.
The pressure is maintained after the current is shut off until the weld has cooled and solidified. This process is called resistance welding. A reasonable tip diameter is 1/8” plus two metal thicknesses.
What is the difference between pipe wrench and spud wrench?
Spud wrenches have smooth jaws.
Scratch awl .just be sharpened to 15°.
True
What is the cutting capacity of aviation snips?
18 gauge. Bulldog snips can cut up to 16 gauge.
What are duckbill snips?
These are big snips that can cut radius curves
How do you order hacksaw blades?
They come in different teeth per inch (tpi) and come in 14, 18, 24, or 32 tpi.
What is the best cutting angle for a chisel?
60°
What are the point angles of a center punch and a prick punch?
Center punch has an included angle of 90° while a prick punch is ground to an included angle of 30°.
Difference between a riveting and setting hammer?
Riveting hammer has a curved face and the peen end is double tapered. A setting hammer (tin hammer) has a square face on one end and a peen end that is tapered on one side only.
Mallets are used for shrinking metal.
True. When turning an edge inward on a sheet metal project, the metal must be shrunk.
Cabinet tip screwdriver.
Differs from a standard slot top because it is parallel from the tip back to allow access to recessed holes.
Rivet sets.
Used to hammer down Pittsburgh seams.
Metals such as gold, silver, copper, and aluminum in their pure form are called what?
Metallic elements. When a metal contains a combination of two or more metals it is then considered an alloy.
What is expanded metal?
Also known as expanded mesh is made from solid sheets of metal that are simultaneously split and expanded in an operation that forms diamond shaped openings.