Workforce Planning and Employment

Question 1

Occurs when the selection for an employment decision works to the disadvantage of a protected class.

Answer 1

Disparate impact, also known as adverse impact.

Question 2

Practice in which employers make efforts to increase the presence of women, minorities, covered veterans, and disabled individuals in the workplace and take positive steps to correct their underutilization.

Answer 2

Affirmative action (AA)

Question 3

Written plans that outline an organization’s programs, policies, and procedures for proactively ensuring equal opportunity in all aspects of employment, such as recruiting, hiring, training, promoting, and compensation.

Answer 3

Affirmative action plans (AAPs)

Question 4

Act that prohibits discrimination in employment for persons age 40 and over except where age is a bona fide occupational qualification.

Answer 4

Age Discrimination in Employment Act. (ADEA) - 1967

Question 5

1975 court ruling that items used to validate employment requirements must be job-related.

Answer 5

Albemarle Paper v. Moody

Question 6

Use of alternative recruiting sources and workers who are not regular employees; also known as flexible staffing.

Answer 6

Alternative staffing

Question 7

Act that prohibits discrimination against a qualified individuals with a disability because of his / her disability.

Answer 7

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - 1990

Question 8

Test that measures the general ability or capacity to learn or acquire a new skill.

Answer 8

Aptitude test

Question 9

Method of evaluating candidates using content-valid work samples of a job; typically for managerial positions.

Answer 9

Assessment centers

Question 10

Analysis in which organization considers internal and external availability in determining theoretical availability of minorities and women for established job groups.

Answer 10

Availability analysis

Question 11

Type of interview that focuses on how applicant previously handled real situations.

Answer 11

Behavioral interview

Question 12

Situation in which religion, sex, or national origin is reasonably necessary to carrying out a particular job function in the normal operations of an organization.

Answer 12

Bona Fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)

Question 13

1989 Court ruling that the numerical quota system of was unconstitutional because the defender had not laid the proper groundwork and had not adequately identified or documented discrimination.

Answer 13

City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Company

Question 14

First comprehensive U.S. law making it illegal to discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Answer 14

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 15

Act that expands the possible damage awards available to victims of intentional discrimination to include compensatory and punitive damages; gives plaintiffs in cases of alleged discrimination the right to a jury trial.

Answer 15

Civil Rights Act of 1991

Question 16

Questions that can usually be answered with yes or no.

Answer 16

Closed questions

Question 17

Situation in which an organization shares responsibility and liability for their alternative workers with an alternative staffing supplier.

Answer 17

Co-employment, also known as joint employment.

Question 18

Tests that assess skills the candidate has already learned

Answer 18

Cognitive ability tests

Question 19

Set of competencies that together make up a profile for success for a particular job.

Answer 19

Competency model

Question 20

Evaluation that requires an organization to provide details on and documentation of its affirmative action plan.

Answer 20

Compliance evaluation

Question 21

Type of criterion-related validity determined by relating the test scores of a group of test takers who take a test (Test A) to some other criterion measure (Test B) that is administered at the same time.

Answer 21

Concurrent validity

Question 22

Act that identifies selected federal employee relations and civil rights legislation enacted by Congress that applies to employee of Congress.

Answer 22

Congressional Accountability Act of 1995

Question 23

Extent to which a selection device measures the theoretical construct or trait. (e.g. intelligence or mechanical comprehension)

Answer 23

Construct validity

Question 24

Occurs when an employer makes working conditions so intolerable that an employee has no choice but to resign.

Answer 24

Constructive discharge

Question 25

Act that limits the amount of wages that can be garnished or withheld in any one week by an employer to satisfy creditors.

Answer 25

Consumer Credit Protection Act of 1968

Question 26

Degree to which an interview, test, or other selection device measures the knowledge, skills, abilities, or other qualifications that are part of the job.

Answer 26

Content validity

Question 27

Type of interviewer bias; when strong candidates who interview after weak ones may appear even more qualified than they actually are because of the contrast.

Answer 27

Contrast effect

Question 28

Evaluation designed to ensure that qualified minorities and women do not encounter artificial barriers to future advancement into mid-level and senior management.

Answer 28

Corporate management compliance evaluation (CMCE)

Question 29

Characteristics that are valued by an organization and are tied to its vision, mission, and method of operating.

Answer 29

Core competencies

Question 30

Refers to the link between a selection device and job performance.

Answer 30

Criterion-related validity

Question 31

Failure to recognize responses of a candidate that are socially acceptable rather than factual.

Answer 31

Cultural noise

Question 32

Forecasting technique that progressively collects information from a group without physically assembling the contributors.

Answer 32

Delphi technique

Question 33

Type of interview in which interviewer poses specific question to a candidate and keep control.

Answer 33

Directive interview

Question 34

Physical or mental impairment that substantially limits major life activities.

Answer 34

Disability

Question 35

Occurs when the selection rate for an employment decision works to the disadvantage of a protected class.

Answer 35

Disparate impact, also known as adverse impact.

Question 36

Occurs when protected classes are intentionally treated differently from other employee or are evaluated by different standards.

Answer 36

Disparate treatment

Question 37

Court ruling that distinguished between supervisor harassment that results in tangible employment action and supervisor harassment that does not.

Answer 37

Ellerth v. Burlington Northern Industries. 1998

Question 38

Act that generally prevents employers engaged in or affecting interstate commerce from using lie detector tests for preemployment screening or during the course of employment, with certain exemptions.

Answer 38

Employee Polygraph Protection Act

Question 39

Common-law principle stating that employers have the right to hire, fire, demote, and promote whomever they choose for any reason unless there is a law or contract to the contrary and employees have the right to quit a job at any time.

Answer 39

Employment-at-will

Question 40

Process of positioning an organization as an “employer of choice” in the labor market.

Answer 40

Employment branding

Question 41

Agreement between an employer and an employee that explains the employment relationship.

Answer 41

Employment contract

Question 42

Makes the hiring decision official; should immediately follow the final decision to hire a candidate; formally communicated through an offer letter.

Answer 42

Employment offer

Question 43

Protects an employer against claims by workers that their legal rights as employees of the organization have been violated.

Answer 43

Employment practices liability insurance (EPLI)

Question 44

Primary job duties that a qualified individual must be able to perform, either with or without accommodation, a function amy be considered essential because it is required in a job or because it is highly specialized.

Answer 44

Essential functions

Question 45

Internet-based verification system that allows employers to verify the employment eligibility of their employees regardless of citizenship.

Answer 45

E-verify

Question 46

External recruiting method; firms seek out candidates, usually for executive, managerial, or professional positions.

Answer 46

Executive search firms

Question 47

Interview conducted when an employee is terminating with an organization in which employee is asked to share views on selected issues.

Answer 47

Exit interviews

Question 48

Collective term for employees sent abroad to work in a country other than where they live.

Answer 48

Expatriates

Question 49

Act that provides some relief to employers using third parties to conduct workplace investigations.

Answer 49

Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT), 2003

Question 50

Act that protects privacy of background information and ensures that information supplied is accurate.

Answer 50

Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), 1970

Question 51

Court ruling that distinguished between supervisor harassment that results in tangible employment action and supervisor harassment that does not.

Answer 51

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 1998

Question 52

Type of interviewer bias in which interviewer makes snap judgments and lets first impression (either positive or negative) cloud the interview.

Answer 52

First impression error

Question 53

Interactive type of group interview that helps employer learn how individual interacts with others to solve business-related issues as well as individual’s depth of analytical skills and natural abilities as leader or team player.

Answer 53

Fishbowl interview

Question 54

Use of alternative recruiting sources and workers who are not regular employees, also known as alternative staffing.

Answer 54

Flexible staffing

Question 55

Occurs when a creditor obtains a court order requiring an employer to attach an employee’s earning in order to pay back a debt.

Answer 55

Garnishment

Question 56

Refers to the socially constructed roles, behavior, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.

Answer 56

Gender

Question 57

Case in which Supreme Court held that the Age Discrimination in Employment Act does not protect younger workers, even if they are over age 40, from workplace decision that favor older workers.

Answer 57

General Dynamics Land Systems, Inc. v. Cline, 2004

Question 58

Act that prohibits discrimination against individuals on the basis of their genetic information in both employment and health insurance.

Answer 58

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA)

Question 59

Invisible barrier tat blocks minorities and women form attaining senior executive positions.

Answer 59

Glass ceiling

Question 60

Case in which Supreme Court held that University of Michigan’s undergraduate admission program was not sufficiently “narrowly tailored” to consider race as a factor in admission decisions in order to achieve goal of a diverse student body.

Answer 60

Gratz v. Bollinger 2003

Question 61

1971 case that recognized adverse impact discrimination.

Answer 61

Griggs v. Dukes Power 1971

Question 62

Case in which Supreme Court held that University of Michigan’s law school admission program was sufficiently “narrowly tailored” to consider race as a factor in admission decisions in order to achieve goal of a diverse student body.

Answer 62

Grutter v. Bollinger, 2003

Question 63

Type of interviewer bias in which interviewer allows one strong point in candidate’s favor to overshadow all other information.

Answer 63

Halo effect

Question 64

Court ruling that established “reasonable person” standard in sexual harassment case.

Answer 64

Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. 1993

Question 65

Measures of applicants’ propensity toward undesirable behaviors such as lying, stealing, taking drugs, or abusing alcohol.

Answer 65

Honesty / integrity tests

Question 66

Type of interviewer bias in which the interviewer allows one strong point that works against candidate to overshadow all other information.

Answer 66

Horn effect

Question 67

Employees working in their own countries; also known as local nationals.

Answer 67

Host-country nationals (HCNs)

Question 68

Occurs when sexual or other discriminatory conduct is so severe and pervasive that it interferes with an individual’s performance; creates an intimidating’ threatening, or humiliating work environment; or perpetuates a situation that affects the employee’s psychological well-being.

Answer 68

Hostile environment harassment

Question 69

Fundamental body of U.S. immigration law applying to all employers; addresses employment eligibility and employment verification and defines conditions for the temporary and permanent employment of alien in the U.S.

Answer 69

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (INA)

Question 70

Act that prohibits discrimination against job applicants on the basis of national origin or citizenship; establishes penalties for hiring illegal aliens and requires employers to establish each employee’s identity and eligibility to work.

Answer 70

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA)

Question 71

Self-employed individuals hired on a contract basis for specialized services.

Answer 71

Independent contractor

Question 72

Employees brought in from another country to work in the headquarters country for a specified period.

Answer 72

Inpatriates

Question 73

All-encompassing term used to describe anyone on an international assignment.

Answer 73

International assignee

Question 74

When employers decide to discharge particular employees for cause (e.g. poor performance, violation of employer policy).

Answer 74

Involuntary termination

Question 75

Collection of employees activities (tasks) and responsibilities.

Answer 75

Job

Question 76

Systematic study of jobs to determine what activities (tasks) and responsibilities they include, personal qualifications necessary for performance, conditions under which work is performed, and reporting structure.

Answer 76

Job analysis

Question 77

According to EEO regulation, anyone who express an interest in employment, regardless of whether that person meets the employer’s minimum qualifications for the job.

Answer 77

Job applicant

Question 78

Internal recruiting method that allows employees to indicate an interest in a position before one becomes available.

Answer 78

Job bidding

Question 79

Knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) and other personal characteristics that work together to produce outstanding performance in a given area of responsibilities.

Answer 79

Job competencies

Question 80

Summarizes most important features of a job, including required tasks, knowledge, skills, abilities, responsibilities, and reporting structure; physical requirements must also be included for ADA considerations.

Answer 80

Job description

Question 81

Part of affirmative action plan that lists all job titles that comprise each job group having similar content and responsibilities, wage rates, and opportunities for advancement.

Answer 81

Job group analysis

Question 82

Internal recruiting method that allows current employees the chance to respond to announcements of positions.

Answer 82

Job posting

Question 83

Spells out qualifications necessary for an incumbent to be able to perform a job.

Answer 83

Job specification

Question 84

Amendment to Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act; deals with discrimination against veterans.

Answer 84

Jobs for Veterans Act (JVA), 2003

Question 85

Court ruling that endorsed using gender as one factor in an employment decision if underrepresentation is shown and if the affirmative action plan is not a quota system.

Answer 85

Johnson v. Santa Clara County Transportation Agency, 1987

Question 86

Situation in which an organization shares responsibility and liability for their alternative workers with an alternative staffing supplier; also known as co-employment.

Answer 86

Joint employment

Question 87

Use of information from past and present to predict future conditions.

Answer 87

Judgmental forecasts

Question 88

Case in which Supreme Court held that the availability of punitive damages depends on the motive of the discrimination rather than the nature of the conduct.

Answer 88

Kolstad v. American Dental Association, 1999

Question 89

Act that creates a rolling time frame for filing wage discrimination claims and expands plaintiff field beyond employee who was discriminated against.

Answer 89

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009

Question 90

Employees working in their own countries; also known as host-country nationals.

Answer 90

Local nationals

Question 91

Case that established criteria for disparate treatment.

Answer 91

McDonnel Douglass Corp. Green, 1973

Question 92

Case in which Supreme Court held that evidence of misconduct acquired after the decision to terminate cannot free an employer form liability, even if the misconduct would have justified terminating the employee.

Answer 92

McKennon v. Nashville Banner Publishing Co., 1995

Question 93

Court ruling that first held that sexual harassment violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 regardless of whether it is quid fro quo or hostile environment harassment.

Answer 93

Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, 1986

Question 94

Statistical method that can be used to project future demand; more than one variable is utilized.

Answer 94

Multiple linear regression

Question 95

Refers to the country - including those that no longer exist - of one’s birth or of one’s ancestor’s birth.

Answer 95

National orgin

Question 96

Type of interviewer bias that involves rejecting a candidate on the basis of a small amount of negative information.

Answer 96

Negative emphasis

Question 97

Group of individuals who meet face-to-face to forecast ideas and assumptions and prioritize issues.

Answer 97

Nominal group technique

Question 98

Type of interview in which interviewer asks open questions and provides general direction but allows applicant to guide process.

Answer 98

Non-directive interview

Question 99

Document that formally communicates the employment offer, making the hiring decision official.

Answer 99

Offer letter

Question 100

Process encompassing orientation and the first months of an employee’s tenure in a posiiton to help employees develop positive working relationships with others in the organization.

Answer 100

Onboarding

Question 101

Court ruling that same-gender harassment is actionable under Title VII.

Answer 101

Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Service, Inc., 1998

Question 102

Employees who report to work only when needed.

Answer 102

On-call workers

Question 103

Type of question that typically begins with what, where, why, when or how.

Answer 103

Open question

Question 104

Part of an affirmative action plan that provides a graphical presentation of the organizational units, including their interrelationships.

Answer 104

Organizational display

Question 105

Process of managing the way people leave an organization; also known as off-boarding.

Answer 105

Organization exit

Question 106

Provides a numerical depiction of an establishment’s staffing pattern to determine if barriers to equal employment opportunity exist within any organizational unit.

Answer 106

Organizational profile

Question 107

Any discrete component of an organization in which there is a level of supervision responsible and accountable for the selection, compensation, etc., of employees within the unit.

Answer 107

Organizational unit

Question 108

Systematic process by which a laid-off or terminated employee is counseled in the techniques of career self-appraisal and in securing a new job that is appropriate to his or her talents and needs.

Answer 108

Outplacement

Question 109

Flexible staffing option in which an independent organization with expertise in operating a specific function contracts with an organization to assume full operational responsibility for the function.

Answer 109

Outsourcing

Question 110

Type of interview in which structured questions are spread across a group; individual who is most competent in the relevant area usually asks the question.

Answer 110

Panel interview

Question 111

Citizens of an organization’s headquarters country who reside and work abroad with the intent of returning to the home country.

Answer 111

Parent-country nationals (PCNs)

Question 112

Type of interview in which interviewer asks each applicant questions that are from the same knowledge, skill, or ability area; also called targeted interview.

Answer 112

Patterned interview

Question 113

When an organization needing help identifies specific people and refers them to a staffing firm, which employes them and assigns them to work at the organization.

Answer 113

Payrolling

Question 114

Case in which Supreme Court ruled on the use of the affirmative defense in a constructive discharge claim for an employer whose supervisor are charged with harassment.

Answer 114

Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders, 2004

Question 115

Streamlined process for obtaining labor certification for foreign nationals seeking permanent residence through their employment.

Answer 115

PERM (Program Electronic Review Management)

Question 116

Tests that measure person’s social interaction skills and patterns of behavior.

Answer 116

Personality tests

Question 117

Objectives or targets in an affirmative action plan that are set when the percentage of minorities or women in a job group is less than reasonably expected given their availability.

Answer 117

Placement goals

Question 118

Test that measures respiration, blood pressure, and perspiration while person is asked a series of questions; outcome is a diagnostic opinion about honesty.

Answer 118

Polygraph test

Question 119

Type of criterion-related validity; degree to which predictions made by a test are confirmed by the later behavior of test takers

Answer 119

Predictive validity

Question 120

Act that prohibits discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.

Answer 120

Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978

Question 121

Type of interview that is useful when an organization has a high volume of applicants for a job and face-to-face interviews are needed to judge pre-qualification factors.

Answer 121

Prescreening interviews

Question 122

Latin term for “on first view” or “at first appearance”; in an EEO case, when a plaintiff presents evidence of a prima facie case, the employer must articulate a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for its decision.

Answer 122

Prima Facie

Question 123

Act that protects the employment records of federal government employees from disclosure without prior authorization.

Answer 123

Privacy Act of 1974

Question 124

People who are covered under a federal or state anti-discrimination law.

Answer 124

Protected class

Question 125

Tests that require a candidate to demonstrate a minimum degree of strength, physical dexterity, and coordination in a specialized skill area.

Answer 125

Psychomotor tests

Question 126

Type of sexual harassment that occurs when an employee is forced to choose between giving in to a supervisor’s sexual demands and forfeiting an economic benefit such as a pay increase, a promotion, or continued employment.

Answer 126

Quid pro quo harassment

Question 127

Involves hiring and promoting a fixed number of individuals based on race, gender, or other protected-class standards.

Answer 127

Quota

Question 128

Part of the selection process that provides an applicant with honest and complete information about a job and the work environment.

Answer 128

Realistic job preview (RJP)

Question 129

Modifying job application process, work environment, or circumstances under which job is performed to enable a qualified individual with a disability to be considered for the job and perform its essential functions.

Answer 129

Reasonable accommodation

Question 130

Court ruling that colleges and universities could legitimately consider race as a factor in the admission process.

Answer 130

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 1978

Question 131

Act that prohibits discrimination based on physical or mental disabilities.

Answer 131

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Question 132

Ability of an instrument to measure consistently.

Answer 132

Reliability

Question 133

Employees who have returned home from an international assignment.

Answer 133

Repatriates

Question 134

Type of interview in which interviewer asks every applicant the same questions; also called a structured interview.

Answer 134

Repetitive interview

Question 135

Document prepared by job candidate (or professional hired by candidate) to highlight candidate’s strengths and experience.

Answer 135

Resume

Question 136

Result of an employer punishing an employee for engaging in activities protected by the law (e.g., filing a discrimination charge, opposing unlawful employer practices).

Answer 136

Retaliatory discharge

Question 137

Supreme Court ruling that employers amy violate Title VII when they engage in race-conscious decision making to address adverse impact unless they can demonstrate a “strong basis in evidence” that, had they not taken the action, they would have been liable under a disparate impact theory.

Answer 137

Ricci v. DeStefano (2009)

Question 138

Supreme Court ruling that persons with contagious disease could be covered by the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.

Answer 138

School Board of Nassau County v. Arline (1987)

Question 139

All organizations to partner with communities and schools to help develop the skilled workforce they will need for future.

Answer 139

School-to-work programs

Question 140

Process of hiring the most suitable candidate for a vacant position.

Answer 140

Selection

Question 141

Interview designated to probe areas of interest to interviewer in order to determine how well a job candidate meets the needs of the organization.

Answer 141

Selection interview

Question 142

Unwelcome sexual advance, requests for sexual favors, and other verabl or physical conduct of a sexual nature.

Answer 142

Sexual harassment

Question 143

Projection of future demand based on a past relationship; involves a single variable.

Answer 143

Simple linear regression

Question 144

Representations of real situations; give organizations the opportunity to speculate as to what would happen if certain courses of action were pursued.

Answer 144

Simulations

Question 145

Type of interview in which interviewer asks questions designed to elicit stories and examples that demonstrate the applicant’s skills and qualifications.

Answer 145

Situational interview

Question 146

Computerized talent or skill inventories that can furnish a lis of qualified people.

Answer 146

Skill banks

Question 147

Computerized talents or skill inventories that can furnish a list of qualified people.

Answer 147

Skill tracking systems

Question 148

Case in which Supreme Court held that Age Discrimination in Employment Act authorizes recovery on a disparate impact theory but with narrower scope than that provided under Title VII.

Answer 148

Smith v. City of Jackson, Mississippi (2005)

Question 149

Collectively describes a variety of online Internet technology platforms and communities that people use to communicate and share information and resources.

Answer 149

Social media

Question 150

Court ruling that Title VII plaintiff must show that discrimination was the real reason for an employer’s actions.

Answer 150

St. Mary’s Honor Center v. Hicks (1993)

Question 151

HR function that identifies organizational human capital needs and attempts to provide an adequate supply of qualified individuals for jobs in an organization.

Answer 151

Staffing

Question 152

Agencies that provide employee screening, testing, and fererral at no cost to the employer.

Answer 152

State (public) employment agencies

Question 153

Type of interviewer bias that involves forming generalized opinions about how people of a given gender, religion or race appear, think, act, or respond.

Answer 153

Stereotyping

Question 154

Type of interview in which interviewer assumes an aggressive posture to see how a candidate responds to stressful situations.

Answer 154

Stress interview

Question 155

Type of interview in which interviewer asks every applicant the same questions; also called a repetitive interview.

Answer 155

Structured interview

Question 156

Measures intended to ensure a drug-free workplace.

Answer 156

Substance abuse tests

Question 157

A talent management strategy to help identify and foster the development of high-potential employees.

Answer 157

Succession planning

Question 158

Type of interview in which interviewer asks each applicant questions that are form the same knowledge, skill, or ability area; also called patterned interview.

Answer 158

Targeted interview

Question 159

Court ruling that non-remedial affirmative actin plan cannot form the basis for deviating from the anti-discrimination mandate of Title VII.

Answer 159

Taxman v. Board of Education Piscataway (1996)

Question 160

Type of interview used in situations where the position relies heavily on team cooperation; supervisors, subordinates, and peers are usually part of the process.

Answer 160

Team interview

Question 161

Employees who are citizens of countries other than where they work or where the organization’s headquarters resides.

Answer 161

Third-country nationals (TCNs)

Question 162

Use of statistics to determine whether relationships exist between two variables.

Answer 162

Trend and ratio analyses

Question 163

Annualized formula that tracks number of separations and total number of workforce employees per month.

Answer 163

Turnover

Question 164

Procedural document designated to assist employers in complying with federal regulations prohibiting discrimination.

Answer 164

Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978)

Question 165

Act that protects the employment, reemployment, and retention rights of persons who serve or have served in the uniformed services.

Answer 165

Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (USERRA)

Question 166

Court ruling dealing with reverse discrimination charges; upheld that Title VII allows for voluntary, private, race-conscious programs aimed at eliminating racial imbalance in traditionally segregate job categories.

Answer 166

United Steelworkers v. Weber (1979)

Question 167

Ability of an instrument to measure what it is intended to measure.

Answer 167

Validity

Question 168

Legal doctrine under which a party can be held liable for the wrongful actions of another party.

Answer 168

Vicarious liability

Question 169

Act that prohibits discrimination against certain veterans.

Answer 169

Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974 (VEVRAA)

Question 170

Court ruling that dealt with job testing and discrimination.

Answer 170

Washington v. Davis (1976)

Question 171

Act that requires some employers to give a minimum of 60 days’ notice if a plant is to close or i mass layoff will occur.

Answer 171

Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988 (WARN Act)

Question 172

Facilitates a systematic approach to anticipate human capital needs and data HR professionals can use to ensure that appropriate knowledge, skills, and abilities will be available when needed to accomplish organizational goals and objectives.

Answer 172

Workforce analysis

Question 173

Process an organization uses to analyze its workforce and determine steps it must take to prepare for future needs; strategically aligns an organization’s human capital with its business direction.

Answer 173

Workforce planning

Question 174

Ratios that can help quantify recruitment efforts.

Answer 174

Yield ratios

Question 175

The process of Workforce Planning must e consistent with …..

Answer 175

…. the Strategic Plan of the organization.

Question 176

This act prohibits federal contractors and federally assisted construction contractors and subcontractors, who do over $10,000 in Government business in one year from discriminating in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Answer 176

Executive order 11246 of 1965

Question 177

This was a follow-up to Executive Order 10479 of 1953 establishing the anti-discrimination Committee on Government Contracts, which itself was based on a similar Executive Order 8802 of 1941.

Answer 177

Executive Order 11246 of 1965

Question 178

This law requires contractors with 50 or more employees a federal contract or subcontract of $50,000 or more to creat and annually update an affirmative action plan (AAP) for women and minorities.

Answer 178

Executive Order 11246 of 1965

Question 179

Classification of people as male or female; it refers to biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women (or boyr and girls)

Answer 179

Sex

Question 180

A supervisor develops a personal dislike of an employee. The supervisor gives the employee poor assignments and makes disparaging comments about the employee to other department members until finally the employee resigns. This is an example of

a. ) constructive discharge
b. ) retaliatory discharge
c. ) performance discharge
d. ) involuntary discharge

Answer 180

a.) constructive discharge
Constructive discharge occurs when the employer makes working conditions so intolerable that the employee has no choice but to resign. Some courts hold that the standard for determining whether an employee has been constructively discharged is whether a reasonable person in the employee’s place would have felt forced to resign. In other courts, a specific intent to force the person to leave must be proven. Constructive discharge, by itself, does not create liability for an employer. However, a constructive discharge will be deemed a termination, and if the termination was unlawful, the employer would be liable.

Question 181

For a given position, 500 applications were received, but only 100 of the applicants were qualified. What is the yield ratio?

a. ) 5%
b. ) 10%
c. ) 20%
d. ) 25%

Answer 181

c.) 20%
Yield ratios help quantify recruitment efforts at various stages in the recruitment process. They can be calculated at various stages in the recruitment process. In this case, the qualified applicants divided by the total number of applicants results in a 20% yield ratio.

Question 182

Disparate treatment occurs when:

a. ) an affirmative action plan is not established.
b. ) employees have equal access to training opportunities.
c. ) a manager asks only female applicants questions about child care.
d. ) all applicants take a test that only white males perform well on.

Answer 182

c.) a manager asks only female applicants questions about child care.
Disparate treatment discrimination occurs when employees in protected classes are intentionally treated differently from other employees or are evaluated by different standards. Examples include a manager who automatically rejects Mexican-American applicants on the grounds that they might be illegal aliens and having different entry requirements for women than for men.

Question 183

An organization competes for talent in a crowded labor market. What action can help HR to promote the organization’s brand advantage over that of competitors?

a. ) Publicize employee reward and recognition programs on the organization’s Web site.
b. ) Imitate recruiting best practices of successful competitors.
c. ) Focus on the organization’s strategic goals and objectives.
d. ) Survey current employees, former employees, and applicants who were not hired.

Answer 183

d.) Survey current employees, former employees, and applicants who were not hired.
Working to shape an employment brand is critical to attracting and retaining top talent. Survey data could help to evaluate employment strengths and shortcomings. Incorporated in branding strategies, the data could be used to establish how the organization is different and ultimately better position the organization as an employer of choice in the labor market.

Question 184

Refers to one’s internal, personal sense of being a man or a women (or boy or girl).

Answer 184

Gender identity

Question 185

The general term applied to individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies to vary from culturally conventional gender roles.

Answer 185

Transgender

Question 186

Where to the employment rights derive from?

Answer 186

Laws - enacted by Senate and House of Rep. (Federal and State)
Executive orders - signed by the President
Regulations and Codes - issued by Executive Branch Agencies (or state agencies)

Question 187

Key Anti-discrimination Laws and Guidelines

Key Knowledge

Answer 187

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Act of 1991
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Pregnancy Discrimination Act
Americans with Disabilities Act
Americans with Disabilities Amendments Act
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures
Immigration and Nationality Act
Immigration Reform and Control Act
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act
Congressional Accountability Act
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Act
Rehabilitation Act
Privacy Act
Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
Fair Credit Reporting Act
Executive Order 11246
Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act
Jobs for Veterans Act

Question 188

10 Protected Classes

Answer 188

Race
Color
Religion
Sex / Gender Identification
National Origin
Age
Pregnancy
Vietnam Era Veteran Status
Disabilities
Genetics

Question 189

Which is an example of an indirect cost of turnover when an accounting manager responsible for the direction and supervision of four accounting employees leaves the organization?

a. ) Increased unemployment tax
b. ) Disruptions to department operations
c. ) Accrued vacation payment
d. ) Administrative costs for processing the separation

Answer 189

b.) Disruptions to department operations
Turnover cost indicates how much turnover is costing and its impact on organizational profitability. The cost of turnover includes direct and indirect costs. The indirect costs of turnover can be difficult to quantify and assign a dollar figure to, but these costs are very real and result in significant profitability decreases.

Question 190

Which stage in the workforce analysis process results in a profile of current staff as it would exist in the future if no action is taken in recruiting, training, or outsourcing?

a. ) Supply analysis
b. ) Demand analysis
c. ) Gap analysis
d. ) Solution analysis

Answer 190

a.) Supply analysis

Supply analysis analyzes the organization as it currently exists—in other words, the supply of labor and skill sets that are vital to an organization.

Question 191

A form of interview bias in which strong candidates who interview after weak ones appear more qualified is known as

a. ) contrast effect
b. ) halo effect
c. ) negative emphasis
d. ) cultural noise

Answer 191

a.) contrast effect

When strong candidates who interview after weak ones appear even more qualified than they actually are, it is called the contrast effect.

Question 192

If an organization’s hiring rate for white applicants is 15%, what is the minimum percentage of Asian-American applicants that should be hired to avoid adverse impact?

a. ) 9%
b. ) 10%
c. ) 12%
d. ) 15%

Answer 192

c.) 12%
In order to avoid adverse impact, the selection rate for the protected group must be 80%, or four-fifths, of that of the group with the highest selection rate. Since the selection rate of the highest group is 15%, protected groups must be hired at a rate of 12% to avoid adverse impact.

Question 193

Most personnel records, once filed into filing cabinets or saved to disk drives, are seldom referred to again. HR employees—especially those new on the job or temporary workers—waste time, even when there is a simple need to look for information. What could be done to correct this situation?

a. ) Restrict information retrieval to supervisors and managers.
b. ) Limit information requests to only those that may have legal implications.
c. ) Implement electronic records management.
d. ) Train all HR staff to ensure quality record-keeping practices.

Answer 193

c.) Implement electronic records management
Electronic records management could facilitate more efficient and cost-effective storage, retrieval, and retention of records. In particular, creating a records filing and indexing system could help to ensure that both paper and electronic records can be easily found.

Question 194

An employer concerned about protecting relationships with customers would most likely include which of the following in an employment contract?

a. ) Noncompete covenant
b. ) Best efforts clause
c. ) Terms for resignation/termination
d. ) Confidentiality agreement

Answer 194

a.) Noncompete covenant
Specific wording may vary, but in a noncompete clause the employee typically agrees that for a certain amount of time after he or she stops working for the employer, the employee will not work for a rival organization or any organization engaged in a similar type of business and the employee will not set up a business that will directly compete with the employer’s business (or solicit the employer’s customers). In cases of litigation, the courts attempt to balance the rights of individuals to seek work against the employer’s need to protect its business.

Question 195

A job description includes the following statement in the physical demands category: Constant use of both hands/arms in reaching/handling/grasping/fingering while keyboarding, using phone, calculator, copier, and other office equipment, writing instructions, filing, and performing other administrative duties. This statement describes a(n)

a. ) performance standard.
b. ) job competency.
c. ) work condition.
d. ) essential function.

Answer 195

d.) essential function
Essential functions are fundamental job duties of the employment position. For this position, the amount of time spent on the job constantly using both hands and arms makes the function essential. An applicant or employee must be able to perform essential functions with or without reasonable accommodation.

Question 196

What procedure BEST ensures the effectiveness of an organization’s affirmative action program?

a. ) Identification of problem areas
b. ) Implementation of action-oriented programs
c. ) Approval of the AAP by an “executive official”
d. ) Establishment of an internal audit and reporting system

Answer 196

d.) Establishment of an internal audit and reporting system
An internal audit and reporting system best ensures that the nondiscriminatory policy is carried out. Identification of problem areas and action-oriented programs are also important but may not produce adequate results. A signature may provide credibility and accountability but does not really ensure actions under the scope of the AAP.

Question 197

An employer can best obtain information on an applicant’s ethnicity for EEO purposes by

a. ) conducting an availability analysis.
b. ) anonymously surveying applicants after they have been hired.
c. ) requesting applicants to complete a voluntary self-identification form.
d. ) asking interviewers to note the applicant’s ethnicity in the files.

Answer 197

c.) requesting applicants to complete a voluntary self-identification form
Under EEO regulations, employers may be required to show that they do not discriminate against minorities or other protected classes in their hiring practices. In order to do so, organizations track applicant flow data. Data about an applicant’s race and gender can be obtained by having applicants fill out a voluntary self-identification form or by conducting a visual survey of applicants. The visual survey is less preferable.

Question 198

Individuals who are free to render services to multiple organizations are BEST described by which of these flexible staffing options?

a. ) Contract technical workers
b. ) Independent contractors
c. ) Temp-to-lease help
d. ) Traditional temporary help

Answer 198

b.) Independent contractors
Independent contractors are self-employed individuals who are engaged on a contract basis and compensated on a contract or fee basis and who are issued Form 1099s. All the other examples represent some type of relationship between a temporary firm, a worker, and a client organization.

Question 199

An employer may be sued for negligent hiring if it

a. ) quotes salary terms in an offer letter.
b. ) fails to conduct past employment and criminal background checks.
c. ) provides applicants with an unrealistic job preview.
d. ) includes waivers of employee rights in an employment contract.

Answer 199

b.) fails to conduct past employment and criminal background checks
Every employer has a legal duty to exercise due diligence in hiring. An employer may be sued for negligent hiring if it hires someone who it knew, or in the exercise of reasonable care should have known, was dangerous, unsafe, dishonest, or unfit for a particular job.

Question 200

Which of the following is true of severance packages?

a. ) They require employees to sign a waiver that they will not sue the organization.
b. ) They will increase an employer’s unemployment tax contributions.
c. ) They ensure that employees will not file suit against the organization
d. ) They are not required by federal law

Answer 200

d.) They are not required by federal law
Severance packages are offered at the discretion of the employer. Federal law does not require them, although some states may have laws regarding severance. While they may diminish the chance that an employee will file suit, there is no guarantee. Offering severance packages does not increase an employer’s unemployment taxes; this is an outcome of laying off workers whether or not severance packages are added.

Question 201

General provisions of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 201

• Prohibits discrimination against protected classes
• Makes it unlawful to deny employment opportunities, training, or career advancement to protected classes.
• As amended, prohibits discrimination because of pregnancy, childbirth, or related conditions
• Prohibits sexual harassment
• Prohibits compensation discrimination

Question 202

Which companies are covered under title VII?

Answer 202

• private employers with 15 or more employees
  (working 20 or more weeks in the current or preceding year)
• All educational institution, public/private
• All employment agencies
• Labor union with 15 or more members
• Joint labor-management committees for apprenticeships and training
• Federal, state, and local governments

Question 203

Exceptions to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 203

• Work-related requirements (practice, job-related, and required)
• Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)
• Bona Fide seniority system
• Affirmative Action Plans

Question 204

Civil Rights of of 1991 main provisions

Key knowledge

Answer 204

• jury trial are allowed in cases where the plaintiff seeks compensatory or punitive damages
• Compensatory damages (make whole plus) for damaged property, lost wages, pain, bereavement, medical expenses, out-of-pocket expenses, future expenses, disfigurement, etc.
• Punitive damages (punish) when employer acted with malice or reckless indifference

Question 205

Punitive damages under Civil Rights Act of 1991

key Knowledge

Answer 205

Punitive damages are not possible against a governmental unit or agency under federal law.

However, they may be available under state law.

Question 206

The maximum amount of both compensatory and punitive damages (per individual) under the Civil Rights Act of 1991

Answer 206

15-100 $50,000
101-200 $100,000
201-500 $200,000
501or more $300,000

Question 207

The Civil Rights Act of 1991 applies (provides for) the damages available to victims of intentional discrimination of:

(key knowledge)

Answer 207

• Title VII
• ADA and ADAAA
• The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (which applies to federal government employees only)

Question 208

Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967

Main provisions

(Key Knowledge)

Answer 208

• prohibits discrimination in employment against persons age 40/over
• no mandatory retirement ages (amendments 1978 and 1986)
• covers: employers with over 20employees, employment agencies,
• unions with 25 or more members, apprenticeships, training programs
• has always allowed for jury trials
• no compensatory or punitive damages,
• doubling of the pay back awards by jury for “willful” violations

Question 209

Exceptions to Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA)

(Key Knowledge)

Answer 209

• if age is Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)
• company has genuine seniority plan
• employee is disciplined/fired for good cause
• employee is a top executive (retirement benefits of at least $44,00 a year, and has held position for two years prior to retirement)

Question 210

Under Pregnancy Discrimination Act (1978) it is illegal to

Answer 210

• Refuse to hire/ fire a woman simply because she is pregnant
• Force a pregnant employee to leave work if she is ready, willing and able to perform her job
• Stop accrued seniority wile on leave to give birth or have an abortion

Question 211

Under Pregnancy Discrimination Act or 1978, the employer must

Answer 211

• not discriminate on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions
• treat pregnancy the same as any other temporary disability
• provide access to medical benefits and sick leave on the same basis as such benefits are provided to otehr employees or other conditions

Question 212

ADA considers an individual disabled if he or she:

Answer 212

• has an impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities
• Has a record of such an impairment
• Is regarded as having such an impairment

Question 213

According to ADA, a function may be considered essential for a variety of reasons, including (but not limited to) the following:

Answer 213

• The reason the job exists is to perform the function
• There are a limited umber of employees available among whom the performance of the job function can be distributed
• The function may be highly specialized and require specific expertise or ability

Question 214

Who is a qualified individual protected by ADA

Answer 214

• an individual with a disability who can perform the essential functions of a job with or without reasonable accommodation(s)

Question 215

Major life activities, according to ADA

Answer 215

• Bathing
• Dressing
• Toileting
• Moving from a chair
• Continence
• Easting
• Learning

Question 216

Formula to consider if an individual is covered and eligible for accommodation(s)

Answer 216

• “disabled” + can “perform essential job functions.”

if an individual can not meet BOTH conditions, you may conclude that the individual is not covered and you may not have to provide accommodations.

Question 217

Two Supreme Court cases of which the trajectory of the decisions has been reversed due to amended ADA.

Answer 217

Sutton v. United Airlines

Toyota Motor Manufacturing v. Williams

Question 218

ADAAA specifically states that these are not physical or mental impairments.

Answer 218

Homosexuality
bisexuality
transvestitism
compulsive gambling

Question 219

Complaints against employer for violating individual’s reasonable accommodations process are filed with…

Answer 219

.. the US Department of Labor / EEOC

Question 220

Exceptions to Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA)

Answer 220

• ER requires family medical history
• Wellness programs
• FMLA compliance
• purchase of commercially available information
• monitoring toxic workplace effects

Question 221

Who needs to follow GINA

Answer 221

• all private employers with 15 or more employees
• employment agencies
• labor unions
• joint labor-management training programs

Question 222

Who enforces GINA

Answer 222

EEOC

Question 223

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 derives from this case reversal

Answer 223

Ledbetter v. Goodyear tire & Rubber Co.

Question 224

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 amends the following laws/acts

Answer 224

• Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
• Vocational Rehabilitation Rehab Act of 1973
• Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967

Question 225

Main provisions of Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009

Answer 225

The statute of limitations (180 or 300 days, depending on the state) starts each time an employe receives a paycheck based on an unlawful or discriminatory decision.

Question 226

A regulatory/ procedural document that is published in several places in the Code of Federal Regulations.
(29 C.F.R. Part 1607 and 41 CFR Part 60-3)

Answer 226

Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978)

Question 227

When does adverse impact occurs during the selection process (rate).

Answer 227

Adverse impact occurs when the selection rate for a protected class is less than 80% of the rate for the class with the highest selection rate.

This is commonly known as the 80% rule or four-fifths (4/5s) rule.

Question 228

Calculate adverse impact:

20 of 40 = 50% of interviewed males were hired
6 of 30 = 20% of the interviewed females were hired

Answer 228

Step 2. Identify the group with the highest selection rate. (Males at 50%). This is your majority group.
Step 3. Divide the lowest selection rate (minority group) by the highest selection rate (majority group). 20/50=40%
Step 3. Adverse impact is indicated since the selection rate of the minority is less than 80%.

Question 229

Employer alternatives, when the 80% rule is violated and adverse impact occurs.

Answer 229

• Analyze data to determine if there is, in fact, adverse impact. This may include both statistical and practical analyses (BFOQ reasons)
• Abandon the bad procedure / practice
• Modify the procedure / practice to eliminate adverse impact
• Validate the job-relatedness of the selection procedure
• Justify the procedure as a business necessity.

Question 230

What does form I-9 verifies

Answer 230

Identity and right to working the U.S.

Question 231

Executive Order 12989 and Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) require that federal contractors must use what to check the employment eligibility.

Answer 231

regular final rule from September 8, 2009

E-Verify

Question 232

Who selects which document(s) are presented to the employer as part of the I-9 verification process?

• employee or
• employer

Answer 232

The employee.

The employer may not specifically which documents must be presented.

Question 233

List of acceptable documents (Column A) that establish both identity and employment authorization.
(all documents must be unexpired)

Answer 233

• U.S. Passport or U.S. Passport Card
• Permanent Resident Card or Alien Registration Receipt Card w/photo
  (Form I-551)
• Foreign passport that contains a temp. I-551 stamp or temp. I-551 printed notation on a machine-readable immigrant visa
• Employment Authorization Document that contains a photo (I-766)
• Foreign passport with From I-94 or Form I-94A.

Question 234

List of Acceptable documents for Identity Only (Column B)

Form I-9

Answer 234

• State driver’s license with photo ID
• Federal. state or local gov. agency ID card with Photo
• School ID with photo
• Voter’s registration Card
• Military card or draft record
• Native American tribal document
• Canadian driver’s license
• Special documents for under age (school, clinic, doctor, hospital record)

Question 235

List of acceptable I-9 Documents for Right to Work Only (Column C)

Answer 235

• Social Security Card (Original)
• Certificate of Birth Abroad issued by Dept State (Form FS-545 or DS-1350)
• Original/certified copy of a state issued birth certificate
• Native American tribal documents
• U.S. citizen ID card, Form I-197
• Unexpired employment authorization card issued by DHS not listed in column A

Question 236

Two type of visas

Answer 236

• “immigrant Visas’ known as “green card”

- “Nonimmigrant Visas” known as Temporary

Question 237

Three employment-based immigrant visa categories

Answer 237

• First preference, priority workers (EB-1)
• Second preference, EB-2
• Third preference, EB-3

Question 238

EB-1 Visa workeres

Answer 238

• Extraordinary ability
• Outstanding professors and researchers
• Certain multinational Managers and Executives

Employers do not need to test the U.S. labor market or file a labor certification application.

Question 239

EB-2 Visas workers

Answer 239

• Professionals with advanced degrees (master and above)
• Aliens with extraordinary ability: Arts, science, eduction, athletes, or business
• Extraordinary ability must be demonstrated by sustained national or international recognition and acclaim.

Question 240

EB-3 Workers

Answer 240

• Don’t hold an advanced degree (at least Bachelor’s degree) or exceptional ability (at least 2 years of training or experience)
• Professionals
• Skilled workers
• Other workers (Unskilled labor such as domestic and nannies)

Question 241

Nonimmigrant Visas

Answer 241

• Business Visitor: B1
• Specialty Occupation Workers: H-1B
• Intracompany Transferee: L-1
• Treaty Investors and Traders: E-1 and E2
• Australian Free Trade/Specialty Occupation Workers: E3
• Students: F-1
• Exchange Visitors: J-1
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): TN
• Cultural exchange: O and Q visas

Question 242

A temporary nonimmigrant work visa by which employers hire and retain highly skilled foreign workers, usually thoese working in the specialty occupations that require theoretical or technical expertise in specialized fields.

Answer 242

H-1B nonimmigrant work visa

Question 243

H-1B nonimmigrant work visa application process and documentation

Answer 243

• individuals cannot apply, the U.S. employer must petition
• pay the H-1B worker at least the higher of the wage to workers in same organization or “prevailing wage”
• Ensure H-1B recruitment will not adversely affect resident citizen recruiting and hiring
• Assure there is no strike or lockout at time of LCA (Labor Condition Application)
• maintain appropriate records for inspection by Department of Labor

Question 244

What is the annual “cap” for the H-1B visas?

Answer 244

65,000

Question 245

H-1B nonimmigrants may be admitted for a period of up to ___ years.

The time period may be extended but generally cannot go beyond a total of __ years.

Answer 245

3

6

Question 246

Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988 (WARN) applies to employer who employe how many?

Answer 246

100 or more

• full time employee, or
• full-time and part-time employees who, together, work at least 4,000 hours or more per week

Question 247

WARN Act standards for part-time employee

Answer 247

• one who works less than 20 hour-per-week

- employe less than 6 month

Question 248

WARN Act defines employment loss.

Answer 248

• involuntary termination of employment (other than for cause, resignation or retirement), a layoff exceeding six month, or at least 50% reduction in work hours for each month of a six-month period.

Part time employee are not counted in the required 50 or 500 threshold.

Question 249

WARN Act definition of “plant closing”

Answer 249

• Temporary or permanent shutdown
• Single or multiple sites
• 50 or more full-time employees affected in a 30-day period

Question 250

WARN Act definition of “mass layoff”

Answer 250

• reduction in force, which is not a plant closing
• 50 or more full-time employees affected in a 30-day period, or
• 33% of the active workforce at the employment site
• 500 or more full-time employees in all sites
• part time employees not counted
• a worksite can a department

Question 251

Exception to WARN Act

Answer 251

• Faltering company
• Unforeseeable business circumstances
• Natural disaster

Question 252

Findings of Gross v. Hale-Halsell Co. (2009)

Answer 252

The Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals held that the employer a grocery wholesaler) was forced to lay off over 200 employees when its largest customer suddenly dropped its account. The court held that the employer had no choice but to lay its employees off and it gave as much notice as was practicable under the circumstances.

Question 253

A Court Case that demonstrated the unforeseeable business circumstances exception to WARN act.

Answer 253

Gross v. Hale-Halsell C. (2009)

Question 254

Precedent-setting sexual harassment cases

Answer 254

• Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (1986)
• Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. (1993)
• Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Service, Inc. (1998)
• Faragher v. City of Boca Raton (1998)
• Ellerth v. Burlington Northern Industries (1998)
• Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders (2004)

Question 255

List internal recruiting methods.

Answer 255

• Job posting
• Job bidding
• Skill banks and skill tracking systems
• Employee referrals

Question 256

List external recruiting methods.

Answer 256

• Former employees
• Previous applicants
• Labor Unions
• Trade and professional associations
• Walk-inns
• The Internet
• Social media
• Third-party sources
• Media advertising
• Educational recruiting
• School-to-work programs
• Minority recruiting
• Nontraditional labor pools

Question 257

Types of Preemployment tests.

Answer 257

• Cognitive ability tests
• Personality tests
• Aptitude tests
• Psychomotor tests
• Assessment centers
• ## Honesty/integrity tests

Question 258

Precedent-setting reverse discrimination cases

Answer 258

• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
• United Steelworkers v. Weber (1979)
• Johnson v. Santa Clara County Transportation Agency (1987)
• Taxman v. Board of Education of Piscataway (1993)
• Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)
• General Dynamics Land Systems, Inc., v. Cline (2004)
• Ricci v. DeStefano (2009)

Question 259

In accordance to the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 the Congress must comply with what 11 pieces of legislation?

Answer 259

• Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
• Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended in 1991
• Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
• Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
• Family and Medical Leave Act of 1978
• Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
• Age discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
• Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988
• Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988
• Rehabilitation Act of 1973
• Veterans Reemployment Act

Question 260

A claim under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act must be filed within how many days after the commission of the alleged discriminatory practice.
How many in deferral states?

Answer 260

180
300 (The state agency must be given the opportunity to investigate and/or close its file prior to the expiration of the 300 days)

Question 261

If the EEOC determines that there is no reasonable cause

Answer 261

• The charging party is given notice of the right to sue within 90 days, from the date of receipt of the dismissal and Notice of Rights letter, allowing the charging party to file suit in federal court if he or she chooses.

Question 262

If the EEOC determines that there is a reasonable cause and if the charge is not settled.

Answer 262

• the private right to litigate must be exercised within 90 days of the date form the date of receipt oft eh EEOC’s notice of finding and right-to-sue letter.

Question 263

If the EEOC does not make a determination.

Answer 263

• the charging party has the right to request a right-to-sue letter after 180 days
• once the right-to-sue letter has been issued, the charging party must file suit in court within 90 days.

Question 264

Which of the following statements about Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is true?

a. ) It prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
b. ) It removes the limits, or “caps,” on damages awarded for intentional discrimination on the basis of gender, religion, or disability.
c. ) It prohibits employers from giving temporary preference to any underrepresented protected class.
d. ) It prohibits discrimination based on race, color, national origin, religion, and age

Answer 264

a.) It prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Question 265

Which federal agency was established to investigate charges of discrimination under Title VII?

a. ) NLRB
b. ) Workers’ Compensation Board
c. ) EEOC
d. ) ADA Board

Answer 265

c.) EEOC

Question 266

Which court ruling creates a safe harbor from punitive damages for employers with good-faith antidiscrimination practices?

a. ) Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
b. ) Kolstad v. American Dental Association
c. ) Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson
d. ) General Dynamics Land Systems v. Cline

Answer 266

b.) Kolstad v. American Dental Association

Question 267

Which legislation prohibits mandatory retirement based on age?

a. ) Older Worker’s Benefit Protection Act (1990)
b. ) Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1967)
c. ) Rehabilitation Act (1973)
d. ) Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)

Answer 267

b.) Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1967)

Question 268

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination on the basis of

a. ) age.
b. ) disability.
c. ) gender.
d. ) national origin.

Answer 268

b.) disability

Question 269

Which of the following statements about the Americans with Disabilities Act is true?

a. ) It deals exclusively with employment issues for the disabled.
b. ) A reasonable accommodation could include hiring an interpreter for a job interview with a deaf applicant.
c. ) Employers can no longer claim “undue hardship” to escape making the workplace accessible to disabled workers.
d. ) Current drug users are considered disabled under the definition in the act.

Answer 269

b.) A reasonable accommodation could include hiring an interpreter for a job interview with a deaf applicant.

Question 270

The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 requires employers to treat pregnancy

a. ) under the provisions for protected classes.
b. ) the same as any other temporary disability.
c. ) under existing provisions for a long-term disability.
d. ) as a reasonable ADA accommodation.

Answer 270

b.) the same as any other temporary disability.

Question 271

Which of the following documents establishes a worker’s identity and employment authorization for Form I-9?

a. ) U.S. passport
b. ) Driver’s license with photo ID
c. ) U.S. birth certificate
d. ) U.S. military card

Answer 271

a.) U.S. passport

Question 272

Under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, which of the following establishes employment authorization?

a. ) U.S. military card
b. ) Government ID card
c. ) U.S. Social Security card
d. ) Driver’s license with photo ID

Answer 272

c.) U.S. Social Security card

Question 273

Under the EEOC’s selection guidelines, adverse impact occurs when the selection rate for a protected class is less than what percentage of that for the group with the highest selection rate?

a. ) 20%
b. ) 50%
c. ) 67%
d. ) 80%

Answer 273

d.) 80%

Question 274

Which legislation protects workers displaced in the merger of two corporations?

a. ) Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act
b. ) Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures
c. ) Executive Order 11246
d. ) Immigration Reform and Control Act

Answer 274

a.) Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act

Question 275

What is the MOST likely outcome if no reasonable cause is found during the EEOC complaint process?

a. ) The EEOC recommends private legal action.
b. ) The EEOC dismisses all charges.
c. ) The EEOC ends its involvement.
d. ) The EEOC mediates conciliation efforts.

Answer 275

c.) The EEOC ends its involvement.

Question 276

Examptions to Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988

Answer 276

• Federal, state, and local governments
• Federal contractors engaged in national security intelligence functions
  only polygraph test - no other lie detector test:
• Employees who are reasonably suspected of involvement in an economic loss to the employer
• Prospective employees of armored car, security alarm, guard firms
• Prospective employees of pharmaceutical manufacturers

Question 277

Fines for employers who violate the Employee Polygraph Protections Act of 1988.

Answer 277

• fine up to $10,000
• lost wages and benefits recovery
• attorney’s fess
• court costs
• equitable relief such as reinstatement and promotion

Question 278

According to Consumer Credit Protection Act of 1968 what are the garnishment limits.

Answer 278

• generally 25% of disposable pay
• 50% of worker’s pay to court orders for child support or alimony
• 60% if the worker is supporting another spouse or child
• additional 5% for support payments more than 12 weeks in arrears
• restrictions do not apply to certain bankruptcy court orders.

Question 279

Requirement to Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) of 970.

Answer 279

• Written notice and authorization
• Employers to provide applicant a copy of derogatory information used for adverse actions.
• Certifications to credit bureaus
• Penalties for willful noncompliance:
  •Recover actual damages from $100 - $1,000.
  •Punitive damages.
  •Court costs and attorneys’ fees.

Question 280

What are the amendments to Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) of 1970 as implemented by Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act (FACT Act) of 2003.

Answer 280

Under the FACT Act, an employer who uses a third party to conduct a workplace investigation no longer needs to follow the consent and disclosure requirements of the FCRA before commencing the investigation if the investigation involves suspected misconduct, a violation of law or regulations, or a violation of any preexisting written policies of the employer.
The employer must subsequently disclose to the employee a “summary construing the nature and substance of the communication upon which the adverse action is based.

Question 281

What are the amendment to FCRA by Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

Answer 281

Any adverse action is taken against an applicant/employee, because of information contained in a consumer report, the employer must provide the applicant/employee with notice of the adverse action as well as:

• The individual’s credit score that was used.
• The range of credit scores possible under the credit scoring model used.
• Each of the factors that adversely affected the individual’s credit score
• The date the score was created.
• The name of the consumer reporting agency or person that furnished the credit score.

Question 282

List key legislations affecting privacy and consumer protection

Answer 282

• Privacy Act of 1974
• Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988
• Consumer Credit Protection Act of 1968
• Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1970
• Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act of 2003
• Amendment to FCRA by Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform (2011)and Consumer Protection Act (Section 615)

Question 283

An employer can request that a polygraph test be taken by

a. ) an employee applying for a public relations position.
b. ) a clerical employee who has entered treatment for substance abuse.
c. ) an accountant whose department is under scrutiny for embezzlement.
d. ) a recovering alcoholic who is seeking a post as a newspaper reporter.

Answer 283

c.) an accountant whose department is under scrutiny for embezzlement.

Question 284

Which statement best describes the provisions of the Consumer Credit Protection Act?

a. ) Employers are prohibited from terminating an employee for one single indebtedness.
b. ) Employees must provide a signed release “authorizing payroll deductions.
c. ) Employers have strict legal obligations regarding disclosure of an employee’s financial information.
d. ) Employees can set the amount of wages that can be garnished or withheld by an employer.

Answer 284

a.) Employers are prohibited from terminating an employee for one single indebtedness.

Question 285

According to provisions of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, an organization may obtain credit information about an employee before offering a promotion if the individual

a. ) is a rehabilitated drug offender.
b. ) is provided written notice and gives authorization.
c. ) refuses to take a polygraph test.
d. ) volunteers information about being in arrears for child support.

Answer 285

b.) is provided written notice and gives authorization.

Question 286

List characteristics protected by EEO.

Answer 286

• Race
• Color
• Religion
• Sex
• National Origin
• Age
• Pregnancy
• Veteran status
• Disability
• Genetics

Question 287

List 3 types of discrimination.

Answer 287

• disparate treatment
• disparate impact (adverse impact)
• perpetuating the effects of past discriminatory policies

Question 288

Examples of disparate treatment.

Answer 288

• direct discrimination
• unequal treatment
• intentional
• prejudiced actions
• different standards for different groups

Question 289

Examples of disparate (adverse) impact.

Answer 289

• indirect discrimination
• unequal consequences or results
• unintentional
• neutral actions
• same standards but different consequences

Question 290

Type of EEO reporting forms.

Answer 290

EEO-1 - private business, annually by Sept 30
EEO-2 - Joint apprenticeships
EEO-2,A - Unilateral apprenticeships
EEO-3 - Local unions, filed in even-numbered years by Dec 31
EEO-4 - State and local governments, filed in odd-number years by Sep 30
EEO-5 - Public elementary and secondary schools
IPEDS - Colleges and universities (formerly known as EEO-6)

Question 291

Who is required to file annual EEO reports

Answer 291

• Private employers with 100 or more employees

- Federal contractors with at least 50 employees and a federal contract or subcontract of $50,000 or more

Question 292

EEO-1 form breakdown by:

Answer 292

• job category
• race
• gender
• ethnicity

Question 293

The annual EEO-1 reporting form breaks down the workforce by the following job categories:

Answer 293

–Executive/senior-level officials and managers.
–First-mid level officials and managers.
–Professionals.
–Technicians.
–Sales workers.
–Administrative support workers.
–Craft workers (skilled).
–Operatives workers (semiskilled).
–Labors (unskilled).
–Service workers.

Question 294

What are the race and ethnicity categories, according to EEOC (required for the EEO-1 report)

Answer 294

• White.
• Hispanic or Latino
• Black or African American.
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
• Asian.
• American Indian or Alaska Native.
• Two or more races.

Question 295

Who is required to follow Affirmative Actions Plans (AAPs).

Answer 295

• Certain federal contractors and subcontractors with 50 or more employees and $50,000 or more in contracts
• Any financial institution (i.e.. bank) that is a member of the federal banking system.
• otherwise, voluntary

Question 296

AAPs components of Executive Order 11246

Answer 296

• Statistical Component

- Narrative Component

Question 297

Elements of the Statistical Component of the Executive Order 11246 AAPs:

Answer 297

• Organizational profile
• Job group analysis
• Availability analysis

Question 298

Elements of the Narrative Component of the Executive Orders 11246 AAPs:

Answer 298

• Placement goals
• Action-oriented programs
• Designation of responsibility
• Identification of problem areas
• Description of the internal audit and reporting system

Question 299

It captures certain statistical analyses of the organization’s workforce; it also provides simple numerical tallies and percentages of organizational staffing.

Answer 299

The statistical component of the Executive Order 11246 AAPs.

Question 300

Describes an organization’s programs, policies, and procedures designated to ensure that all individuals have equal opportunities in all employment decisions and practices; it also describes the elements of the organization’s affirmative action program and good-faith effort and action-oriented programs designed to address any identified areas.

Answer 300

The narrative component of the Executive Order 11246 AAPs

Question 301

It examines minorities/women with requisite skills living in the recruitment area, for each job group.

Answer 301

External availability in the availability analysis of the AAP.

Question 302

Examines minorities/women who are promotable, transferable, and trainable within the facility.

Answer 302

Internal availability in the availability analysis of AAP.

Question 303

Statistical methods used to calculate availability analysis.

Answer 303

• the “any difference rule”
• the “80% rule (the “four-fifths rule”)
• the “two standard deviations analysis”

Question 304

In AAP, having a smaller proportion of women or minorities than is indicated by their availability.

Answer 304

Underutilization

Question 305

Who is charged with enforcing federal laws ad regulations on EEO and affirmative action, conducts compliance evaluations (or audits) to ensure that all affirmative action regulatory requirements are being met.

Answer 305

Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) of the Department of Labor (OFCCP)

Question 306

Four type of AAP audits

Answer 306

(from most to least extensive)

• Compliance review
• Off-site review
• Compliance check
• Focused review

Question 307

Consists of a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the hiring and employment practices of a contractor, the written AAp, and the results of AA efforts. Most comprehensive. Desk audit may proceed t an on-site review to further analyze area

Answer 307

Compliance review AA audit

Question 308

Consists of an abbreviated review of a contractor’s record-keeping practices to ensure compliance with the affirmative action regulations.

Answer 308

Compliance check AA audit

Question 309

Consists of an on-site review focused on or restricted to one or more components of the contractor’s organization, employment practices, or policy implementation.

Answer 309

Focused review AA audit

Question 310

Consists of analysis and evaluation of the AAP and supporting documentation and other documents related to the contractor’s personnel policies and employment actions. This is typically done at the office of the CO with documents provided by the contractor.

Answer 310

Off-site review AA audit.

Question 311

Who may be audited by the OFCCP to ensure their AA compliance.

Answer 311

•A random selection from a database.
•In response to a sudden surge in discrimination complaints.
•In response to pressure from community groups.
•A member of the construction industry.
•A first-time federal contractor.
•A large-dollar (usually $10 million or more) contractor with large contract.
- all federal contractors should be prepared to be audited at any time.

Question 312

What two HR issues the relationship between an employee and employer can affect:

Answer 312

• Absenteeism

- Turnover

Question 313

Employee performance is impacted by the following:

Answer 313

• Expectatins
• job satisfaction
• commitment
• engagement
• loyalty

Question 314

The performance equation:

Answer 314

Performance (P) = Ability (A) x Effort (E) x Support (S)

Question 315

What is motivation

Answer 315

• Desire within a person causing that person to act

- Is a goal-directed drive

Question 316

A statement that provides the overall value of working for a company in exchange for the employee’s skills. Qualifications and time.

Answer 316

Employer value proposition.

A type of branding strategy

Question 317

A manufacturing plant is hiring drivers. Female applicants must score 4 out of 5 on the forklift driving test, and male employees must score only 3 out of 5. This is an example of:

Answer 317

Disparate treatment

Question 318

Difference between
Disparate treatment and
Disparate impact

Answer 318

Disparate treatment is intentional

Disparate impact is unintentional.

Question 319

Which

Answer 319

Cognitive Ability Test
The use of pre-employment tests has become more prevalent in recent years. These tests take many forms and have a variety of purposes. Some selection tests to be aware of include:
Aptitude tests are designed to measure an individual’s knowledge and ability to apply skills in various areas, such as mathematics, typing, language, and reasoning.
Cognitive Ability Tests (CATs) measure an individual’s ability to analyze and solve problems and draw conclusions from a set of facts. They also measure an individual’s potential for learning, thinking, and remembering.
Personality or psychometric tests assess how a candidate will “fit” into a specific job.
Integrity Tests, also known as honesty tests, assess a candidate’s work ethic, attitudes toward theft and drug and alcohol use, and similar traits.
Psychomotor assessment tests measure an individual’s coordination and manual dexterity.
Physical assessment tests are used to determine whether candidates are physically capable of performing specific job duties.

Question 320

A manager always hires young, attractive women as receptionists. This is an example of:

a. ) disparate treatment
b. ) adverse impact
c. ) reverse discrimination
d. ) sexual harassment

Answer 320

a.) disparate treatment

Question 321

In Washington v. Davis, the Supreme Court ruled that:

a. ) a test that has an adverse impact against a protected class is legal if it is job-related.
b. ) a test used for promotion or selection of employees must be a valid job predictor.
c. ) an employer must demonstrate a lack of discriminatory intent.
d. ) the burden of proof lies with the employee to show that any employment requirement is directly job-related.

Answer 321

a.) a test that has an adverse impact against a protected class is legal if it is job-related.

Question 322

“An African-American is asked to fill out an EEO applicant flow form declaring race and ethnicity. Which of the following statements about this situation is true?

a. ) The request violates EEO regulations.
b. ) Compliance is mandatory.
c. ) The person making the hiring decision cannot be given the form.
d. ) The form may be incorporated in the employee’s file if the applicant

Answer 322

c.) The person making the hiring decision cannot be given the form.

Question 323

As it pertains to AAP, it provides data on the proportion of current employees in protected classes by job title within a department or organizational unit.

Answer 323

Workforce analysis

Question 324

It assesses the number of potential employees from protected classes.

Answer 324

Availability analysis

Question 325

This OFCCP activity focuses on the promotion of minorities and women to senior- level positions.

Answer 325

Corporate management compliance evaluation.

Question 326

Turnover analysis
Total separations for the year: 65
Total number of employees (all months together): 2,704

Answer 326

• divide total number of employees by 12 months
  2,704:12= 225
• divide total number of separations by the average number of employees per month
  65:225= 28.9%

Question 327

Amendment to Americans with Disabilities Act covering the definition of individuals regarded as having a disability, mitigating measures, and other rules of construction to guide the analysis of what constitutes a disability.

Answer 327

ADA Ammendments Act (ADAAA) - 2008