Workbook1 Flashcards
Why is the starch gel from cornstarch suitable for cream pie fillings?
Because it firms up as it cools.
What is the best method for mixing instant starch into a mix?
Combine with sugar and whip into the liquid.
What is the quantity of waxy maize starch need to gelatinize a fruit pie filling based on liquid?
Approx. 10%.
Why is invert sugar used in sugar boiling?
To prevent sugar from graining (crystallization).
What temperature should sugar be heated to for sugar pulling?
150C or 300F.
In sugar boiling when does the hard ball stage happen?
Just before the soft crack.
Why is copper the best choice of pot when sugar boiling?
Provides the best heat transfer.
What happens to fondant when it is heat to 38C (100F)?
Icing will be shinny and have a soft dry finish (good).
What should flat icings be thinned with and why?
Hot water because it will dissolve more solids.
What will dough lacking salt look like?
Soft and stick and it will be fast fermenting.
What are the functions of salt in a bread dough?
Enhances Flavour and provides dough with stability.
What would a bread dough containing 6% salt be like?
Very slow fermenting.
What action should you take if the water in your bakery is very hard?
Increase the yeast.
Water with a PH of 8.6 would cause a bread dough to be?
Slow fermenting.
If chlorine is added to the water what will happen to the dough?
It will be slow fermenting.
What does the enzyme lipoxidase do?
Bleaching and Flavour enhancing additive.
What is lipoxygenase effective as?
An anti-staling agent.
What enzyme is responsible for converting poly-saccharides to maltose?
Amylase.
What is fungal alpha amylase used for in bread making for?
Slow staling by increasing water absorption of the dough.
What happens during the fermentation process?
The dough mellows and becomes extensible, which is caused by the proteolysis enzyme breaking the protein stand.
What happens to bread if it in refrigerated?
It will stale.
What are the most effective anti-staling agents in bread?
Mono and Di-glycerides.
What does milk chocolate contain?
Chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, sugar, milk solids and lecithin.
Bitter chocolate contains?
Chocolate liquor, cocoa butter and lecithin.
What is added to bitter chocolate to make milk chocolate?
Sugar and milk solids.
What does the addition of water or syrup to chocolate do?
Causes the chocolate to thicken.
What is the purpose of tempering chocolate couveruture?
Makes it set bitter/ firm and creates a gloss.
What can be added to chocolate to reduce the cost, give a thinner coat and maintain a gloss?
Melted shortening.
What indicates a sugar bloom?
Moisture spots.
What does the coating for a Sacher Torte contain?
Water, sugar, syrup and cocoa.
What type of cocoa contain more acid?
Natural cocoa.
What needs to be adjusted in a recipe that calls for natural cocoa and dutched is used?
Baking soda.
What can be added to lighten a chocolate mousse?
Whipped egg whites.
How are the bottoms for floratine cookies finished?
Dipped in chocolate and combed.
What is the gelling agent that is found in most fruits and aids in the production of jams and jellies?
Pectin.
What is the natural emulsifier found in egg yolks?
Lecithin.
What are the most effective mold inhibitors found in baked goods?
Sodium and calcium propionates.
What are the additives that contribute to extended shelf life?
Mono and Di-glycerides.
Pectin will only gel when?
When combined with sugar, water and acid.
What is then is the function of a sponge dough?
Develop Flavour in the bread.
What can be done to reduce the fermentation time in sponge dough’s?
Increase the yeast.
Savarin dough results in what?
A dough with a soft constancy.
What does diastatic malt do?
Contributes to high enzyme activity and increases fermentation.
What does the mechanical dough development system (Chorley Wood) do?
It conditions the dough by intense mixing and addition of oxidizing agents.
How long should the floor time be of dough’s made with mechanical dough method?
0 to 20 minutes.
What will a dough look like the is under fermented?
It will have a closed grain and have reduced volume.
How should rye dough made with highly alkaline water be corrected?
Increase the amount of sour dough.
What are the ingredients for French/ Italian style breads?
Water, flour, salt and yeast.
A dough that had been over mixed results in what?
It will be sticky because the gluten had been stretch beyond its limits.
What is a optimum level of salt in bread dough based on flour?
2%.
What is frangipane made of?
Almond paste or ground almonds, flour, sugar and egg.
What is the difference between chiffon and angel food cakes?
Chiffon contains egg yolks and veggie oil.
What should be done to angel food cakes after they are baked?
Inverted until cool and then remove from pans.
What is the main reason for collapsed angel food cakes?
Egg whites that are over whipped.
What is the initial stage of meringue?
Whipping egg whites, adding half the sugar gradually in a stream.
What is a japonise?
Meringue with a addition of hazelnuts.
What is the biggest problem when making japonise?
Piping the shapes.
Why should frozen unbaked yeast products not be placed straight into the proofer.
Uneven gas production within the product.
Why would fat bleed out of Danish pastry and puff pastry in the oven?
Insufficient turns and lamination.
What is done to improve the shine and Flavour of bagels?
They are boiled in water with the addition of malt.
What is the appropriate frying temperature of yeast doughnuts?
375*F.
What is the appropriate frying temperature of cake doughnuts?
380*F.
Cake doughnuts require to be rested for how long, so they can hydrate?
10 minutes.
What is the unit used to dispense cake doughnuts into the fryer?
Sanitary cake doughnut device.
When will cake doughnuts absorb excess fat?
If the fryer is too cold.
In cake batter cakes should the eggs be more or less than the fat?
More.
When will a creamed fat mixture separate?
When eggs or liquid are cold or are added too fast.
What needs to be added to high ratio cake formulas?
Emulsified shortening.
How can an X fault be corrected in high ratio cakes?
Baking a lower temperature for a longer period of time.
What is the only source of leavening in angel food cakes?
Steam expansion.
What causes the X fault in high ratio cakes?
Too much milk or water in the formula.
For the purpose of balancing cake formulas, what must be true?
Toughners must equal tenderizers.
What are tenderizers in cakes?
Sugar, fats and chemical leaveners.
How is leavening in old fashioned pound cakes achieved?
Creaming fat and sugar.
How is a M fault caused?
Too much sugar.
What are the ingredients that have an opening or lifting effect on a cake?
Baking powder, fat, sugar and eggs.
What is the baking procedure of pumpkin pie?
Pour uncooked filling into an unbaked shell and baked until it sets.
What causes weeping or moisture forming between the filling and meringue on a lemon pie?
The filling was too hot when the meringue was piped on.
When mixing the fat and flour, what size should the fat resemble for a flaky pie crust?
Pea size
Why are bread crumbs used in pork sausage rolls?
To prevent shrinkage and improve moisture retention
What temperature should any unused sausage roll portions be kept at?
between 1* and 7C (35-44F)
What is the normal operating temperature of a bakers refrigerator?
1-4C
If the cooling unit is kept at 1-2C (34-50F) what should the relative humidity be at? And what is it called?
85% Called a retarder
What is the appropriate method to defrost unbaked goods?
Allow them to come to room temperature, then proof.
Why do we glaze Danish pastries with apricot glaze after baking?
It will extend the life of the product, add flavor and shine, allows fondant to adhere to the product.
What does durable life date mean?
The period during which the product is good and retain its wholesomeness, palatability and nutritional value.
Raisin bread must contain at least what percent of raisins according to the CFDA?
At least 50%
What order must ingredients be listed as?
Quantity, starting with the most.
According to the FDA all prepackaged goods must state what?
Name and address, net contents, common name, durable life date, ingredients, nutritional information.
The concept of projecting a positive image of your bakery to perspective customers through advertising and promotions is called what?
Marketing
What is merchandising?
Building displays, sampling products, preparing POS materials.
Heat quantity is measured by?
BTU’s or calories
Heat intensity is measured by?
Thermometer
What ingredients are used to produce pastillage or gum paste?
Icing sugar, water, gelatin, cornstarch.
What are the three main ingredients for a cheesecake?
Sugar, cheese, eggs.
What is a franchise operation also referred to as?
Turn key operation
What type of flour is used in choux paste?
Bread flour
What is a baked Alaska made up of?
Cake, flashed meringue, ice cream
What is another name for an apple turnover?
Chausson aux pommes
What is bavarios made from?
Light custard, gelatin, whipped cream.
Profiterolles used for croquembouche are filled with what?
Pastry cream
Why are direct fire ovens better than indirect?
They are more responsive to controls and require less maintenance
What is used for lubrication for oven maintenance?
Graphite spays or solutions
What is a type of fuel used with indirect fire ovens?
Oil
Electric motors of over 1 HP are usually?
Four pin, three phase, 220 Volts.
What type of fire extinguisher would be best for a class A fire?
Water
What type of fire extinguisher would be best for a class B fire?
Dry chemical or CO2
What is the greatest danger of fire?
Inhalation.
What is the principal of WCB?
No fault insurance.
When an employee is injured at the job who is responsibility is it to provide transport?
Employer.
If an employee is unconscious what is the first condition you should attend to?
Breathing.
What approach should you use when dealing with a life threatening condition?
Remove hazards, send for EMS, assess the casualty, administer first aid.
An employee is bleeding profusely what do you do?
Apply direct pressure, elevate, and put employee at rest.
An employee burns themselves, what do you do?
Soak in a sink with cool, clean water.
An employee goes into convulsions, what do you do?
Watch closely and ensure they do not hurt themselves.
What happens if a person can’t breather for five minutes? And what do you do?
The persons brain may be harmed, you should use artificial respiration.
What is a good source of a complex carbohydrate?
A baked potato
What food component supplies most of our calories?
Carbohydrate
What is the primary function of fat?
Energy
What is essential for good health?
Fatty acids.
Body fuel that can be stored in unlimited quantity is what?
Fat.
What is basal metabolism?
The minimum energy required for vital body processes.
What is the best quality protein?
Eggs
What is a fat soluble vitamin?
Vitamin A
Where is calcium stored in our body?
Bones
To lose weight and maintain chloric intake, what must you do?
Increase energy outputs.
What hormone controls the level of glucose in the blood?
Insulin
The vitamins required to build new cells, especially red blood cells are?
Focalin and cobalamin
What the two most important minerals to maintain strong bones and teeth?
Calcium and phosphorous.
How do you raise capital?
Selling shares, bank loans, cash.
What is the biggest advantage of incorporation?
Owners are not personally liable for the company’s debts.
Why is it important to have day to day financial controls?
To control finances so invoices can be paid.
Why is it important to have a daily production schedule?
Reduce over production, reduce staling.
How are staffing hours usually allocated?
On the basis of gross sales.
Why is it important to have job descriptions?
So the employees know what is expected of them.
What is the main reason for bankruptcy?
Not enough expertise and financing in insufficient.
Who votes in the directors?
Shareholders.
Why are there business licenses and zoning regulations?
To control and regulate for an orderly development.
Good sanitation practices and temperature control is most important to what?
Savory products because the high moisture content in meat supports bacteria growth.
What enzyme is responsible for starch breaking down into sugar?
Amylase.
What does dough produce in large quantities.
Carbon dioxide gas.
A solid core in the center of a loaf of bread was created during what?
Molding