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Workbook 2014 > workbook > Flashcards

workbook Flashcards

0
Q

HOw much bigger is a billion than a million?

a. 10 times
b. 100 times
c. 1,000 times
d. 500 times

A

C

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1
Q

How many hertz is 3 MHz?

a. 3,000,000
b. 3,000
c. 333
d. 0.003

A

A

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2
Q

How many milliliters are contained in a jar filled with 5 liters of fluid?

a. 5
b. 5,000
c. 500
d. 0.005

A

b

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3
Q

How many liters are in 80 ml of fluid?

a. 8
b. 80
c. 0.008
d. 0.080

A

d

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4
Q

What are the units of power?

Watts

A

Watts

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5
Q

What are the units of intensity?

watts/cm2

A

watts/cm2

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6
Q

If frequency of sound is doubled, what happens to wavelength?

Wavelength is halved

A

wavelength is halved

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7
Q

The power of a system is at 100% and this is 0 dB. What is the dB change when the system’s power is 50%?

a. -10 dB
b. -50 dB
c. -3 dB
d. 3dB
e. 50 dB

A

The system’s power has been halved, -3 dB means half

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8
Q

The power of a system is at 100% and this is 0dB. The system is changed to -6dB. what is the system’s power?

a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
e. 6%

A

d. -6dB means one quarter (1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4).

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9
Q

A 3MHz sound beam travels through two media. It attenuates 5dB in medium A and 6dB in medium B. What is the total attenuation that the sound beam undergoes as it travels through both media?

a. 6dB
b. 11 dB
c. 3dB
d. 15 dB

A

B. As sound travels, attenuation simply adds, just like tolls add when you travel on the highway

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10
Q
  • A 10 MHz sound beam travels through two media. It attenuates 5dB in medium B> What is the total attenuation that the sound beam undergoes as it travels throughout both media?

a. 6 dB
b. 10 dB
c. 16 dB
d. 15 dB

A

a. As sound travels, attenuation simply adds, just like tolls add when you travel on the highway

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11
Q
  • A 3 MHz sound beam travels 10cm, 6 cm in medium A and 4cm in medium B. The total attenuation is 14dB. If the sound beam attenuated 4dB in medium A, then how much attenuation occurred in medium B?

a. 2 dB
b. 14dB
c. 10dB
d. Cannot be determined

A

C. As sound travels, attenuation simply adds, just like tolls add when you travel on the highway, If 4dB of attenuation occurred in Medium A, then 10 dB must occur in Medium B. This would make the total attenuation 14 dB, as is given in the problem.

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12
Q

Hint:

AS A GENERAL RULE, THERE ARE ONLY TWO MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS THAT ARE DONE WITH dBs-ADD THEM OR SUBTRACT THEM

A

ADD OR SUBTRACT DECIBELS.

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13
Q

In soft tissue, attenuation coefficient is directly related to ____.

Frequency

A

Frequency (If frequency doubles, attenuation coefficient will double)

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14
Q

Rayleigh scattering is related to ___.

Frequency

A

Frequency (If frequency doubles, Rayleigh scattering increases by a factor of 16, 2x2x2x2=16)

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15
Q

Sound wave strikes a boundary at normal incidence. The impedances of the two media are identical. what percentage of the sound wave is refracted?

a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 0%
d. 25%
e. 90%

A

C. *Remember, refraction requires oblique incidence

16
Q

Which of these media has the greatest attenuation and the SLOWER speed?

a. bone
b. tendon
c. fat
d. air

A

d

17
Q

Which of these media has the greatest attenuation and the FASTEST speed?

a. bone
c. tendon
c. lung
d. fat
e. air

A

a

18
Q

Which of the following describes the physics of refraction mathematically?

a. Bernoulli’s principle
b. Snell’s law
c. Pouiseulle’s law
d. Murphy’s law
e. Bernoulli’s law

A

B

19
Q

When a transducer is covered with a sterile cover with gel on the inside, what can the transducer not come into contact with in order to create an image?

a. gel
b. water
c. talcum powder
d. sterile liquid
e. lubricating gel

A

c. Talcum powder

20
Q

A sound beam is created by a round PZT crystal with a diameter of 10mm. The focal depth of the sound beam is 8cm. What is the diameter of the sound beam at a depth of 8cm?

a. 8 cm
b. 3 mm
c. 5 mm
d. 4 mm

A

c

21
Q

A sound beam is created by a round PZT crystal with a diameter of 10mm. The focal depth of the sound beam is 8cm. What is the diameter of the sound beam at a depth of 8cm?

a. the same as the TX diameter
b. 3/4 the TX diameter
c. Half the TX diameter
d. 4 mm

A

a

22
Q

Which of the following TX will have the POOREST axial resolution?

a. 1.7 MHx & 4 cycles per pulse
b. 2.6 MHz & 3 cycles per pulse
c. 1.7 MHz & 5 cycles per pulse
d. 2.6 MHz & 2 cycles per pulse

A

C. this is the longest pulse. It has the lowest frequency and the most cycles/pulse

23
Q

Which of the following TX has the BEST axial resolution?

a. 1.7 MHz and 4 cycles per pulse
b. 2.6 MHz and 3 cycles per pulse
c. 1.7 MHz and 5 cycles per pulse
d. 2.6 MHz and 2 cycles per pulse

A

d This is the shortest pulse, highest frequency and the fewest cycles/pulses

24
Q

How can lateral resolution at a given depth be estimated?

a. use digital calipers to measure the image distance between two reflectors separated by 10 cm in a range.
b. scan a specular reflector with perpendicular beam incidence, using two different gain settings
c. determine the maximum depth of penetration in a tissue-mimicking phantom
d. measure the largest dimension on the image size of a point reflector

A

d. measure the largest dimension on the image size of a point reflector.

EXPLANATION: A point reflector is similar to a tiny dot that reflects sound. Since Lateral resolution is not as good as axial resolution, the reflection from this dot will be wider than it is long. Thus, the largest dimension is the width of the sound beam, and is the Lateral resolution

25
Q

All of these decrease Temporal resolution except:

a. lower frame rate
b. deeper imaging
c. multi-focus imaging
d. narrower sector

A

d

26
Q

A sonographer adjusts an ultrasound machine to double the depth of view from 5cm to 10cm. If the frame rate remains the same, which one of the following also changed?

a. increased line density
b. wider sector
c. multi-focus imaging turned on
d. narrower sector

A

d

27
Q

A sonographer, using a Phased array ultrasound system, turns off the multi-focus feature. What is the most likely consequence of this action?

a. the frame rate decreases
b. the temporal resolution degrades
c. the imaging depth increases
d. the temporal resolution improves

A

d

28
Q

A sonographer increases the line density from 1 line per degree of sector to 3 lines per degree of sector. What is the consequence of this action?

a. the frame rate increases
b. the temporal resolution decreases
c. the imaging quality decreases
d. the temporal resolution increases

A

b

29
Q

What is the frame rate if each image of ultrasound system is created in 0.02 seconds (1/50th sec)?

a. 20 Hz
b. 100Hz
c. 50 Hz
d. 15Hz

A

c

30
Q

What is the time needed to make a single image if the frame rate of ultrasound system is 20 Hz?

a. 1 s
b. 0.02 s
c. 0.05 s
d. 15 Hz

A

c

31
Q

What is the rationale for the ALARA principle?

a. carbon footprint
b. climate change
c. patient exposure
d. receiver gain

A

c

32
Q

True or False

Harmonics are multiples of the transducer frequency

A

TRUE

33
Q

What feature does pulsed wave doppler have that continuous wave doppler does not?

A

Pulsed wave doppler has a receive gate that is adjusted by the sonographer

Workbook 2014 (1 decks)

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