work ups with SAM

Question 1

4 categories of an upper airway cough

Answer 1

Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Allergic, Other

Question 2

Inflammatory ddx of upper airway cough

Answer 2

Pharyngitis, Tonsilitis, Tracheobronchitis, Chronic bronchitis, allergic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, Collapsed trachea, Oslerus osleri infection.

Question 3

Neoplastic ddx of upper airway cough

Answer 3

Mediastinal, Laryngeal, tracheal.

Question 4

Allergic ddx of upper airway cough

Answer 4

Bronchial asthma

Question 5

Other ddx of upper airway cough (besides inflamm, neoplastic, or allergic)

Answer 5

Bronchial compression: left atrial enlargement, hilar lymphadenopathy; Foreign body; Inhalation, Tracheal stenosis.

Question 6

Categories of lower respiratory cough

Answer 6

Inflammatory, Parasitic, neoplasia, cardiovascular, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, Allergic, and other.

Question 7

Inflammatory categories of lower resp cough

Answer 7

Pneumonia, Granuloma, abscess, chronic pulmonary fibrosis

Question 8

Pneumonia ddx for a lower resp cough

Answer 8

Bacterial, viral (canine distemper virus), Fungal (blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis), Protozoal (toxoplasmosis, pneumocystis)

Question 9

Parasitic ddx for lower resp cough

Answer 9

Heartworm, Lungworm (aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Paragonimus kellicotti, Crenosoma vulpis, Angiostrongylus vasorum)

Question 10

Neoplastic ddx for lower resp cough

Answer 10

Primary or metastatic, lymphoma

Question 11

Cardiovascular ddx for lower resp cough

Answer 11

Left sided heart failure: pulmonary edema, Pulmonary thromboembolism

Question 12

Allergic ddx for lower resp cough

Answer 12

Eosinophilic pneumonitis, Eosinophilic pulmonary granulomatosis, Pulmonary infiltrate with eosinophils (PIE)

Question 13

Broad categories for Dyspnea

Answer 13

Inspiratory dyspnea vs expiratory/mixed dyspnea

Question 14

Categories for inspiratory dyspnea

Answer 14

Nasal obstruction, Pharyngeal or Laryngeal disease, Extrathoracic trachea.

Question 15

Nasal obstruction ddx for inspiratory dyspnea

Answer 15

Rhinitis, neoplasia, stenotic nares, Nasal foreign body, Thick nasal discharge of any etiology.

Question 16

Rhinitis ddx for inspiratory dyspnea

Answer 16

Viral (feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, canine distemper virus), bacterial, fungal (aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, penicillosis, rhinosporidiosis).

Question 17

Neoplastic ddx for nasal obstruction causing inspiratory dyspnea

Answer 17

adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, lymphoma, transmissible venereal tumor.

Question 18

Pharyngeal or laryngeal ddx for causing inspiratory dyspnea

Answer 18

Elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules, neoplasia/mass, abscess, granuloma, extramural mass, nasopharyngeal polyp, FB, laryngeal paralysis, acute/obstructive laryngitis, laryngeal collapse, laryngeal trauma.

Question 19

Extrathoracic trachea ddx for inspiratory dyspnea

Answer 19

Collapsing trachea, tracheal hypoplasia, tracheal trauma/stricture, fb, neoplasia

Question 20

Categories for expiratory/mixed dyspnea

Answer 20

Intrathoracic Trachea and bronchi, small airway disease, pulmonary parenchymal disease, parasites/severe infestations/heartworm, lungworms, Pleural space disease, noncardiopulmonary disease.

Question 21

Intrathoracic trachea/bronchi causes of exp/mixed dyspnea

Answer 21

Collapsing trachea or main-stem bronchus, Trauma, stricture, fb, neoplasia

Question 22

Small airway disease causes of exp/mixed dyspnea

Answer 22

Feline asthma, bronchitis, smoke inhalation, bronchopneumonia

Question 23

Pulmonary parenchymal causes of exp/mixed dyspnea

Answer 23

Pneumonia (viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, aspiration), pulmonary edema, pulmonary thromboembolism, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease.

Question 24

Parasitic (secondary effect) causes of exp/mixed dyspnea

Answer 24

Pulmonary fibrosis, neoplasia

Question 25

Pleural space ddx of exp/mixed dyspnea

Answer 25

pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pleural space masses, diaphragmatic hernia

Question 26

Noncardiogenic ddx of exp/mixed dyspnea

Answer 26

severe anemia, hypovolemia, acidosis, hyperthermia, neurologic disease

Question 27

Categories of vomiting (acute+chronic)

Answer 27

Gastric disease, small intestinal disease, large intestinal disease, dietary, drugs, extraalimentary tract (secondary GI), Intoxicants, neurologic disease

Question 28

Gastric ddx for vomiting

Answer 28

Gastritis, parasites, fb, obstruction , ulceration, neoplasia, dilatation/volvulus, Helicobacter infection, Hiatal hernia, motility disorders, pyloric stenosis, Gastric antral mucosal hypertrophy.

Question 29

Small intestinal ddx for vomiting

Answer 29

Parasites, inflammatory bowel disease, fb, bacterial overgrowth/enteritis, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, neoplasia, viral enteritis (parvo, distemper), intussusception, nonneoplastic infiltrative disease (e.g. pythiosis)

Question 30

large intestinal ddx for vomiting

Answer 30

Colitis, Obstipation, parasites

Question 31

Dietary ddx for vomiting

Answer 31

indiscretion, intolerance, allergy

Question 32

Drugs ddx for vomiting

Answer 32

Cancer chemotherapeutic agents, antibiotics (esp. erythromycin, tetracycline), NSAIDS, Cardiac glycosides, Apomorphine, Xylazine, Penicillamine

Question 33

Extraalimentary ddx for vomiting

Answer 33

Peritonitis, pancreatitis, hepatobiliary disease, neoplasia, uremia, DM/Ketoacidosis, Hyperthyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, hepatic disease, hepatic encephalopathy, septicemia/endotoxemia, pyometra, acid-base disorder, electrolyte disorders, hypertriglyceridemia, Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), Mastocytosis.

Question 34

Intoxicant ddx for vomiting

Answer 34

Numerous...

Question 35

Neuro ddx for vomiting

Answer 35

Epilepsy, tumor, meningitis, increased intracranial pressure, dysautonomia