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physics 5054 > work power and energy > Flashcards

work power and energy Flashcards

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1
Q

energy is a vector quantity
true or false

A

false

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2
Q

energy is needed to do —–

A

mechanical work

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3
Q

energy conversions occur during

A

work done

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4
Q

energy is measured in

A

joules

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5
Q

formula of energy

A

e=mc2

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6
Q

energy can be stored as

A

chemical energy
elastic energy
potential energy

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7
Q

chemical energy used in

A

cells

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8
Q

solar energy used in

A

solar panels

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9
Q

nuclear energy used in

A

atomic bomb

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10
Q

potential energy (definition)

A

energy due to change in position of an object

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11
Q

kinetic energy (definition)

A

energy due to motion of an object

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12
Q

difference between kinetic and potential energy

A

kinetic energy is the energy due to its motion
potential energy is a stored form of energy due to its size and shape of the object

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13
Q

examples of kinetic energy

A

winds have kinetic energy
a sppining frisbee has kinetic energy
a rolling soccer ball also has kinetic energy

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14
Q

types of potential energy(also define them)

A

elastic potential energy: due to shape and size
gravitational potential energy : whenever there is a change in height of an object

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15
Q

the formula of kinetic energy and gravitational energy

A

KE: 1/2 MV2
GPE:MGH

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16
Q

definition of power(in terms of work done)

A

rate of doing work

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17
Q

definition of power ( in terms of energy)

A

rate of transfer of energy

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18
Q

formula of power

A

energy/time

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19
Q

power measured in

A

watts

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20
Q

definition of work done

A

Work done by a constant force on an object is the product of force and distance made by the direction of force

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21
Q

formula of work done

A

force multiplied by direction of force

22
Q

unit of work done

A

NM

23
Q

work done is not done when

A

work is not done when the object doesn’t move in the direction of the force

24
Q

why does energy has the same unit as work done

A

because work done is equal to energy transformed

25
Q

unit of work done

A

joules

26
Q

principle of conversion of energy

A

energy can’t be made or destroyed but it changes forms

27
Q

what is efficiency

A

it is the ratio of useful energy (work done) over input energy

28
Q

formula of efficiency

A

output energy multiplied 100/input energy

29
Q

efficiency is measured in

A

percentt

30
Q

why does efficiency have no unit

A

because it is a ratio of two quantities

31
Q

not all energy is transferred into useful energy part of it is transferred into

A

heat loss (fusion)

32
Q

define renewable energy resources

A

renewable energy sources that can be replenished over a short period

33
Q

define non renewable sources of energy

A

non-renewable sources of energy sources are energy sources that can’t be replenished over a short period

34
Q

state examples of renewable sources of energy

A

solar energy, wind energy, hydro-energy, geothermal energy

34
Q

state examples of renewable sources of energy

A

solar energy, wind energy, hydro-energy, geothermal energy

35
Q

state examples of non-renewable sources of energy

A

coal, fossil fuels, nuclear fuels

36
Q

explain solar energy

A

solar energy is the energy from the sun, the sun is a big ball of heat and light resulting from nuclear fission at its core. the nuclear reaction releases energy that travels outward to the surface of the sun

37
Q

explain solar panels

A

solar panels absorb energy from the sun and converted it into electrical energy
most solar energy is collected through photovoltaic cells, typically made of silicon that acts as a semiconductor. the sun’s rays contain heat and radiation. when the rays hit the surface of the silicon cells, they cause a release of electrons that roam freely

38
Q

in a solar panel heat energy from the sun turns into

A

electrical energy

39
Q

in the block diagram of solar panel solar panel into

A

transformer

40
Q

state the advantages of solar panel

A

low running cost
no major pollution
it is a renewable energy

41
Q

state the disadvantages of solar panel

A

low efficiency
covers a large area
availability varies
amount of current produced by solar cells is usually too small to power devices that need a large amount of electricity

42
Q

explain wind turbines

A

wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. the generator in the wind turbine can convert this mechanical into electricity

43
Q

explain geothermal energy

A

geothermal energy is a type of renewable energy taken from the earth’s core. it comes from the heat generated during the original formation of the planet and the radioactive decay of materials. this thermal energy is stored in rocks and fluids in the center of the earth

44
Q

explain hydroelectric energy

A

river and rainwater fill up a lake behind the dam. water rushes down from the lake and spins the turbine. the turbine connected to the generator, when the turbine rotates generator also rotates and produces electricity

45
Q

explain fossil fuel/coal power station

A

in thermal energy stations, electricity is produced by burning non-renewable energy sources (like coal, and natural gas) as a fuel for the generation of heat energy by burning it. as the heat energy is transferred into the boiler the water in the boiler starts to boil and evaporate the high pressurized steam passes to the turbine and it rotates, as a result, the generator is turned on and produce electricity. once the steam has passed through the turbines, it is cooled and condensed(turned back into a liquid) so that it can be fed back to the boiler, and the process repeats

46
Q

explain nuclear fission

A

nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei when the nucleus of an atom is bombarded with a neutron
the energy of the neutron causes the target nucleus to split into two (or more) nuclei that are larger than the parent nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy during the process

46
Q

explain nuclear fission

A

nuclear fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei when the nucleus of an atom is bombarded with a neutron
the energy of the neutron causes the target nucleus to split into two (or more) nuclei that are lighter than the parent nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy during the process

47
Q

explain nuclear fusion

A

nuclear fission is the combining of two lighter nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a vast amount of energy during this process.
nuclear fusion is believed to be the process by which energy is released by the sun. when the two hydrogens -2 nuclei moving at high speed collide, they can join together to produce a heavier nucleus(helium). a large amount of energy is released

48
Q

explain the wind energy

A

wind power or wing energy describes the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity, wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power

48
Q

explain the wind energy

A

wind power or wing energy describes the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity, wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power

physics 5054 (2 decks)

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