work, poverty and welfare or smth Flashcards
absolute poverty - ap
persons biological needs for food, water, clothing, and shelter is not being met –> lacks the minimum necessity for survival, can be poor anywhere, anytime
advantage of absolute poverty - ap
straightforward and easy to make comparisons.
disadvantage of absolute poverty - ap
- difficult in identifying basic subistenvce needs
- ignores the reallities of peoples lives
- there is no clear substinece mininum
- it ignores social needs, cultural expectations and value judgements
difficult to identify basic needs - ap
- hard to be objective
rowntrees minimum budget was criticised for relying heavily on the values and opinions on who made the list. - cooking and shoping skills of a middle class reseracher
ignores the realities of peoples lives-ap
- doesnt account for individual knowledge, shopping habits, social, psychological factors
no clear substistence minimum - ap
- differences between societies
- differences between groups in the same society
eg. heavy physical work will require more calories.
ignores social needs, cultural expectations and value judgements - ap
- treats people like biological machines and ignores the fact that people are social beings, with needs beyond physical
- expectations of normal
value judgements and culturaL EXPECTATIONS influence
relative poverty - rp
in relation to a generally accepted standard of living in a specific society at a specific time . takes into account social and cultural needs as well as biologocal needs
- join in with usual patterns of life in society
soloution to relative poverty
more equal distribution of wealth and income so that no section of society is deprived in relation to the average standard of living.
social exclusion- rp
where people lack the resources which might enable them to participate fully in the community or society in which they live excluding them – or cutrting them off - from what most people would regard as a normal life
TOWNSEND - which poverty
relative poverty
critisms of relative poverty
- based on value judgements of what a good standard of living is
- always be people who can not afford items
TOWNSEND - deprivation index
drew up a list of indicators of a reasonable lifstyle and standard ogf living
stregnths of rp
- recognises poverty as a social construction
- recognise that what poverty is changes in each society
- links poverty to wider factors such as social exclusion
weaknesses of rp
- is not an indicator of poverty but simply of social inquality
- value judgements
- some people will always be realitly poor
what is a deprivation index
a list of items, lifestyle indicators or needs such as food, housing, income, ownership of consumer goods, and access to transport, used to measure the level of deprivation experianced by an individual group or geographical location
subjective poverty
refers to peoples owwn feelings and judgments about whether or not they are poor in relation to those other members of society with whom they compere themselves with
relative deprivation
is the sense of lacking things compared to the group which people iidentify and compere themselves to
poverty line definition
is the dividing point between those who are poor and those who are not. the poverty line used today is 60% below the median income
median income
the officiial poverty lijnen
the minimum incooome standard
