WORK book Flashcards
Agreement for renting; outlines terms; a short-term contract where one party allows another to use something specific for a set time.
umowa najmu; umowa dzierżawy
When renting a car for the weekend, you’ll likely sign a ____________ that specifies the rental period, costs, and conditions for using the vehicle.”
What did the ______ cover for our week-long car rental in Austria?
hire agreement/contract
umowa najmu; umowa dzierżawy
Contract for services; outlines terms.
umowa o świadczenie usług, umowa serwisowa
When hiring a photographer for an event, the s________ clarified fees, shooting hours, and photo delivery terms.
service agreement = service contract
umowa o świadczenie usług, umowa serwisowa
when you rent something and can buy it later after making regular payments.
umowa sprzedaży ratalnej; umowa o zakupie ratalnym
- Through a ________, she acquired the car by making monthly payments.”
“They entered into a ____ for the office equipment, making it affordable.”
hire purchase agreement/contract
umowa sprzedaży ratalnej; umowa o zakupie ratalnym
when you rent something, like a house, for a period by paying money regularly.
We signed a l____ for the apartment, agreeing to stay for a year.
najem, dzierżawa
lease
najem, dzierżawa
a paper that says you’re borrowing money and promises how you’ll pay it back.
umowa kredytowa
Emily signed a l____ to borrow money for her dream of opening a small bakery.
loan agreement/contract
umowa kredytowa
Jane signed a l____ with the bank to borrow money for her college tuition, agreeing to monthly payments.
Evidence that opposes or contradicts an assumption
sprzeczne dowody
Despite the strong argument, the lawyer presented ____ to challenge the established belief.
contrary evidence
sprzeczne dowody
Negotiations continued as both parties exchanged counteroffers to reach a mutually agreeable deal.
kontroferta, kontrpropozycja
Instead of accepting the original offer, she made a ____ with a different price and conditions.
counter offer
kontroferta, kontrpropozycja
the rules and information that say how a sale should happen.
warunki sprzedaży
Before finalizing the car purchase, they carefully reviewed and agreed upon the _________.
conditions of sale
warunki sprzedaży
a legal principle that presumes something to be true unless proven otherwise
domniemanie dopuszczające przeciwdowód, domniemanie podlegające obaleniu
In the trial, the attorney used a ____ to challenge the opponent’s assumption with persuasive evidence.
rebuttal presumption
domniemanie dopuszczające przeciwdowód, domniemanie podlegające obaleniu
In court, the attorney aimed to provide rebuttal evidence and challenge the presumption made by the opposing party.
trying not to be confused or unsure about things.
Uniknąć niepewności
Our teacher, Emily, gave us detailed instructions in order to avoid _____ and create an effective learning environment.
avoid uncertainty
Uniknąć niepewności
Crucial details which must be clearly stated in a contract for it to be valid.
Istotne warunki (umowy)
Before signing the agreement, they ensured that all ____, such as price and delivery, were clearly outlined.
essential terms
Istotne warunki (umowy)
The individuals or entities involved in making and agreeing to a contract.
strony umowy, kontrahenci
The success of a contract often hinges on the mutual understanding and cooperation between the ____________ involved.
contracting parties
strony umowy, kontrahenci
An acceptance of an offer but with changes or conditions.
akcept warunkowy, akcept z zastrzeżeniem
Upon reviewing the agreement, her irritation grew as she found a ____________, realizing that the initially agreed-upon terms had been changed.
qualified acceptance
akcept warunkowy, akcept z zastrzeżeniem
Negotiations ongoing, and no binding agreement exists yet.
Warunkowo, z zastrzeżeniem warunków umowy
They agreed on the main terms ____, allowing room for final adjustments before commitment.
subject to contract
Warunkowo, z zastrzeżeniem warunków umowy
Documented or recorded in a written form.; (made) in writing
(Zrobione) Na Piśmie
Contracts should be made in w____ to avoid misunderstandings.
on paper
(Zrobione) Na Piśmie
The authority or capacity to represent another person’s interests legally.
Uprawnienie / Kompetencje
An attorney has the a____ to act on behalf of their client in legal matters.
Authority/Capacity
Uprawnienie / Kompetencje
Representing and making choices for another person.
Działając w Jego Imieniu
The legal guardian is acting on b____ of the minor child in court.
Acting on His Behalf
Działając w Jego Imieniu
A mutual agreement expressed through spoken words.
Umowa Ustna
The business deal was sealed with an o____ a____ rather than a written contract.
Oral Agreement
Umowa Ustna
To trust and depend on a person or thing.
polegać na
Clients r____ on their lawyers for legal advice.
Rely On
polegać na
come into operation; Capable of causing an impact or being in operation.
Mieć Skutek / Być Skutecznym
Have Effect / Be Effective:
Mieć Skutek / Być Skutecznym
The new law will have an effect on tax regulations.
signed, sealed and delivered; Carried out in a formal and official manner.l Accomplished with proper formalities and procedures.
Wypełniony / Sporządzony
The contract was formally e____ with signatures and seals.
(formally) executed
Wypełniony / Sporządzony
The contract was formally executed with signatures and seals.
binding; Capable of being enforced or implemented.
Wykonalny / Egzekwowalny
A valid contract is legally e____ in a court of law.
enforceable
Wykonalny / Egzekwowalny
A legal professional providing advice and handling legal matters; A lawyer who advises clients and prepares legal documents.
Adwokat / Radca Prawny (BrE)
Solicitor
Adwokat / Radca Prawny
recognised set of words; Commonly used and acknowledged language or expressions.
Standardowe Sformułowanie
Legal documents often include s____ w____ for clarity.
standard wording
Standardowe Sformułowanie
The contract was r… unenforceable after 12 years.
Stawiający kontrakt w stan niewykonalności.
rendered
Stawiający kontrakt w stan niewykonalności.
The contract was …rendered… unenforceable after 12 years.
Considered or regarded as legally binding
Traktowali to jako wiążące
..treated… it as binding
Traktowali to jako wiążące, choć technicznie uchylnalne.
The parties treated it as binding, though technically voidable.
Legally prevented or prohibited from initiating legal proceedings.
Zablokowany możliwość wniesienia sprawy z powodu upływu okresu przedawn
Due to the limitation period, you are b____ from bringing an action.
..barred… from bringing an action
Zablokowany możliwość wniesienia sprawy z powodu upływu okresu przedawn
Due to the limitation period, you are barred from bringing an action.
Agreed or gave permission to the specified terms.
Wyraził zgodę na warunki umowy.
The other party has c____ to the terms of the contract.
…consented… to the terms
Wyraził zgodę na warunki umowy.
The other party has consented to the terms of the contract.
Declared invalid or annulled by a court order.
uchylić coś; Unieważniony przez sąd.
The contract was s____ a____ by the court because it was defective.
..set aside… by the court
Suggested or inferred without being expressly stated.
ukryty, pośredni; dorozumiany
Although no written agreement, the conduct i____ a contract.
…implied… a contract
Wnioskowany lub domniemany kontrakt na podstawie zachowań.
Obligatory or mandatory according to the law.
Wymagane przez prawo.
Registration of the transfer of land is r____ by the law.
..required… by the law
time when an actionable event happened; The time when an actionable event happened, marking the beginning of a potential legal claim
…date of occurrence of the cause of action…
Data Wystąpienia Podstawy Roszczenia
The date of occurrence of the cause of action in the accident case was crucial in determining liability.
amount of time which is available for someone to start legal proceedings ; The amount of time available for someone to initiate legal
limitation period
Okres Ograniczenia Czasowego
The limitation period for contract disputes is typically set to a specific number of years.
the passing of a period of years; The passing of a period of years, often associated with the expiration of the limitation period for legal actions.
…lapse of time…
Upływ Czasu
The lapse of time since the contract breach became a critical factor in deciding whether legal action could be taken.
salary paid when an employee cannot work because of illness
The company provides generous ____ to ensure employees are financially supported during health-related absences.
sick pay
restricted period of employment set out in contract
fixed term
organisation which represents the workers, who are its members, in discussions of pay and working conditions with their employer
trade union
specialist court dealing in disputes between employers and employees
employment tribunal
written details of a position in a company
employment particulars
negotiations between an employer and a trade union on terms and conditions of employment and work
collective bargaining
tie period of
warning that the contract is going to end.
wypowiedzenie, wymówienie
I left my n____ on my boss’s desk.
…giving notice / notice…
clause preventing you working in the same field for three years after you’ve left the company.
…restrictive covenant…
klauzula ograniczająca sposoby wykorzystania danego terenu
Słownik terminów prawnicznych
let go of the company if it fails
zwolnić kogoś (w ramach redukcji etatów)
Most of the staff has been made r____ in a desperate attempt to save the company.
…made redundant…
(AmE may off)
being removed from the job,
zwolnienie (np. z pracy)
I protested against his unfair d____.
…dismissal…
Partnership agreement states that we both have to agree on a dismissal. (Umowa partnerska mówi, że oboje musimy się zgodzić na zwolnienie.)
procedure for making a complaint
procedura rozpatrywania reklamacji
…grievance procedure…
The employee followed the company’s grievance procedure to address concerns and seek resolution for workplace issues.
changes being made to your work
…variation of contract…
Negotiations for a variation of the contract were ongoing to accommodate the changes requested by both parties.
When an employee leaves their job due to a significant, negative change in their role, often without consultation.
Rozwiązanie umowy przez pracownika z winy pracodawcy
…constructive dismissal
Occurs when an employee is forced to leave their job immediately due to a serious violation, such as arriving at work under the influence of alcohol. This swift termination is a response to the employee’s behavior.
Zwolnienie dyscyplinarne
Summary dismissal
Summary dismissal is a likely consequence of employee theft.
Happens when an employer forces an employee to leave their job without following proper procedures.
Niesłuszne zwolnienie
An employer has not gone through the appropriate procedures before forcing an employee to leave his job.
…unfair dismissal…
relevant
irrelevant
legal
illegal
lawful
unlawful
restrictive
non-restrictive
fair
unfair
statutory
-> pozaustawowy, pozaprawny, nieregulaminowy
non-statutory
Specific terms and conditions outlined in a contract that detail the rights, duties, and obligations of the parties involved.
Postanowienia umowne
In business contracts, parties negotiate and include contractual provisions to ensure a mutual understanding and compliance with the agreed terms.
Contractual Provisions
The interactions and dynamics between employers and employees within an organization, encompassing issues like wages, working conditions, and disputes.
(Stosunki pracy
Effective labour relations contribute to a productive workplace, where open communication and fair treatment are prioritized.
Labour Relations
The process in which employers and labor unions engage in negotiations to reach a collective agreement on employment terms.
negocjacje w sprawie umowy zbiorowej (dotyczącej pracy)
Successful collective bargaining requires effective communication, compromise, and a commitment to finding mutually beneficial solutions.
collective bargaining
Authoritative instructions or orders issued by an authority, often in the context of legal or regulatory requirements.
Dyrektywy
Directives provide clear guidance and instructions, shaping the actions and decisions of individuals or organizations.
Directives
: Rights granted and protected by law, typically outlined in statutes or legislation.
uprawnienie ustawowe
Statutory rights are inherent to individuals and are safeguarded by legal frameworks to ensure fair and just treatment.
Statutory Rights
The principle advocating for equal compensation for employees performing similar tasks regardless of gender or other irrelevant factors.
Równe wynagrodzenie za jednakową pracę
Legislative efforts focus on enforcing equal pay for like work to address historical disparities and promote a more equitable workforce
Equal Pay for Like Work
Similar tasks performed by employees that require similar skill, effort, and responsibility.
Praca jednakowej wartości
In the context of equal pay, l____ w____ refers to jobs that are comparable in terms of skill and responsibility.
Like work
sick pay vs leave
1) Sick pay provides financial support when an employee is unable to work due to illness.
2) Leave, on the other hand, allows employees to take time off without loss of pay for reasons such as vacation or personal matters.
leave - urlop
He took two weeks of unpaid leave. (On wziął dwa tygodnie bezpłatnego urlopu.)
The process of moving a business from one owner to another.
(Przeniesienie przedsiębiorstwa)
Transfer of business
During a transfer of business, existing employees may be retained by the new owner, ensuring continuity in employment.
Deductions made from an employee’s wages that violate legal regulations
(Niezgodne z prawem potrącenia)
U____ d____ from wages can include unauthorized withholdings or reductions not permitted by employment laws.
Unlawful deductions
deductions- odliczenie, potrącanie
Commencement refers to the beginning or start of a particular period, process, or agreement.
Rozpoczęcie
The c____ of the new project is scheduled for next Monday.
Commencement (of employment)
making changes or modifications to something without the agreement or consent of all parties involved.
Jednostronnie zmienione
The employer unilaterally varied the terms of the contract, leading to dissatisfaction among the workers.
Unilaterally Varied
refers to serious and unacceptable behavior by an employee, typically resulting in severe consequences or termination.
rażące wykroczenie
The employee was dismissed for gross misconduct after engaging in unethical practices.
Gross misconduct
