Work

Question 1

What is the definition of a natural hazard?

Answer 1

A natural event with the potential to cause harm to people or the environment.

Example sentence: A hurricane is a natural hazard that can cause significant damage.

Question 2

What is the outer layer of the earth called?

Answer 2

The outer layer of the earth is called the crust (bonus if oceanic/continental mentioned)

Question 3

What do we call a piece of the earth’s crust?

Answer 3

A plate

Question 4

Which type of plate boundary is caused when plates scrape past each other?

Answer 4

A conservative plate boundary. A famous one is the San Andrea fault in California

Question 5

Which scale is currently used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?

Answer 5

The Richter Scale (don’t accept Mercalli)

Question 6

Which piece of equipment is used to record the power of earthquakes?

Answer 6

A Seismometer. The trace produced is known as a seismograph.

Question 7

What do all of the following have in common: hurricane? Cyclone? Typhoon?

Answer 7

They are all names given to the same natural event – a tropical storm.

Question 8

Describe the main location of tropical storms across the world?

Answer 8

Tropical storms are mainly located in a narrow band along the equator and extending to the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. Credit for Atlantic/Pacific/Caribbean

Question 9

What temperature does the sea need to reach for a tropical storm to form?

Answer 9

Above 26.5c/27c

Question 10

What were the immediate impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?

Answer 10

Typhoon Haiyan damaged 1.1 million houses, destroyed 33 million coconut trees (a major source of livelihoods), and disrupted the livelihoods of 5.9 million workers. Overall damage is estimated at $5.8 billion. More than 7,000 people were killed by Typhoon Haiyan.1.9 million people were left homeless and more than 6,000,000 displaced. There were outbreaks of disease due to the lack of sanitation, food, water, shelter, and medication.

Question 11

What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming?

Answer 11

The greenhouse is a naturally occurring process which ensures the earth is kept at a temperature which supports life. Global warming is a man-made environmental issue primarily caused by the increase of greenhouse gases caused by the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 12

Which four gases are most responsible for global warming?

Answer 12

Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide and CFC gases.

Question 13

True or false: Britain’s weather is getting more extreme?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What were the causes of the extreme weather event known as ‘the Beast from the East’?

Answer 14

Sudden stratospheric warming which brought very cold air from the east (Siberia). This coincided with Storm Emma which brought warm moist air from the south-west.

Question 15

What is the difference between mitigation and adaptation in relation to climate change?

Answer 15

Mitigation is actions which seek to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases produced. Adaptation is learning how to cope with the changes to our climate.

Question 16

What are 2 major effects of climate change?

Answer 16

Sea Level rise/Ice-caps melting/more extreme weather

Question 17

Carbon dioxide is the most prevalent greenhouse gas. True or false?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is the term for where a river begins?

Answer 18

The source

Question 19

What is the term for where 2 rivers meet?

Answer 19

A confluence

Question 20

What is the term for a small stream that joins the main river?

Answer 20

A tributary

Question 21

Name 4 processes of erosion that take place in a river.

Answer 21

Corrosion, Corrasion/solution, Abrasion, Hydraulic action

Question 22

Name the 4 processes by which a river can transport material?

Answer 22

Saltation, Traction, Suspension, solution

Question 23

What is the thalweg on a river?

Answer 23

The fastest flow (usually in the centre of a straight section of river)

Question 24

Does water flow fastest on the inside or outside of a meander?

Answer 24

Outside bend

Question 25

What is the name given to the point where the land meets the sea?

Answer 25

Coast

Question 26

What is the difference between a destructive and a constructive wave?

Answer 26

Destructive waves are high, have a powerful backwash and weak swash. They mostly occur in winter. Constructive waves are lower, have a strong swash, weak backwash and mostly occur in the summer.

Question 27

What is the name of the process by which waves move material along a beach?

Answer 27

Longshore Drift

Question 28

What is a discordant coastline?

Answer 28

Where alternating bands of hard and soft rock lay at right angles to the coastline

Question 29

What are the main landforms created by the sea at a discordant coastline?

Answer 29

Headlands and bays, crack, cave, arch, stack, stump.

Question 30

What is the difference between hard and soft engineering when defending a coastline from erosion?

Answer 30

Hard engineering uses man-made structures to defend against the sea (sea wall, gabions, groynes etc). Soft-engineering works with the coasts natural processes

Question 31

What is a discordant coastline?

Answer 31

Where alternating bands of hard and soft rock lay at right angles to the coastline ## Footnote Example: Jurassic Coast in the UK

Question 32

What are the main landforms created by the sea at a discordant coastline?

Answer 32

Headlands and bays, crack, cave, arch, stack, stump. ## Footnote None

Question 33

What is the difference between hard and soft engineering when defending a coastline from erosion?

Answer 33

Hard engineering uses man-made structures to defend against the sea (sea wall, gabions, groynes etc). Soft-engineering works with the coasts natural processes. ## Footnote None

Question 34

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 34

A community of plants and animals living interdependently with biotic and abiotic factors. ## Footnote None

Question 35

What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors?

Answer 35

Biotic factors are living things (plants, animals, insect), abiotic are not (climate, rainfall, temperature) ## Footnote None

Question 36

What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

Answer 36

A food chain is linear, a food web shows all linkages in an ecosystem and is more complex ## Footnote None

Question 37

What is a primary consumer?

Answer 37

Something that derives its energy from the source – plants/vegetation. ## Footnote None

Question 38

Describe the location of the earth’s remaining rainforests.

Answer 38

Rainforest can be found along the equator, and between the tropics of cancer and Capricorn. They can be found in Brazil, Congo Basin, Indonesia etc ## Footnote None

Question 39

What plant adaptation can you see here and why is it needed?

Answer 39

This is a drip tip, used by plants to quickly shed the heavy rainfall to prevent the leaves from being damaged by the rain. ## Footnote None

Question 40

What plant adaptation can you see here and why is it needed?

Answer 40

This is a buttress root. They are very wide and stand above the ground to give the tall, 40 metre trees the support that they need. ## Footnote None

Question 41

Where does the word ‘tundra’ get its name from?

Answer 41

The word tundra comes from the Finnish word ‘tunturia’ meaning treeless land. ## Footnote None

Question 42

What is permafrost and what challenges does it cause in cold environments like Alaska?

Answer 42

Permafrost is permanently or semi-permanently frozen ground. The problems caused are that in some areas, and with the impact of climate change, the upper layer can thaw in the short summer months. This means that any structures built on this layer can sink into the thawed ground damaging buildings and roads. ## Footnote None