Words You Should Know in High School 1 Flashcards

1
Q

abash (v)

/a-BASH/

A

cause to feel embarrassed or ashamed

Traditionally, high school athletes abash new team members; some call it rookie or freshmen hazing.

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2
Q

aberration (n)

/a-buh-RAY-shun/

A

departure from what is normal

Justin’s one bad grade seem to be an aberration gives his history of strong academic performance.

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3
Q

abet (v)

/uh-BET/

A

to assist some in an activity that is probably illegal

You often hear the phrase “aid and abet” on the crime shows like Law and Order.

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4
Q

abhor (v)

/ab-HORE/

A

to find something or someone loathsome, contemptible, or reprehensible

Many abhor reality shows that feature plastic surgery because they find the visual images detestable and the topic contemptible.

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5
Q

abject (a)

/AB-ject/

A

extremely bad, unpleasant, and degrading

Many spring break parties are not aware that in many Caribbean countries, abject poverty is often found side-by-side with luxury hotels, spas, and resort properties.

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6
Q

abjure (v)

/ab-JOOR/

A

to renounce, repudiate, or give up one’s previously held beliefs

When taking the U.S. oath of citizenship, one must abjure allegiance to any other nation.

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7
Q

ablution (n)

/ah-BLOO-shun/

A

the act of washing oneself usually religious, as in a priest’s hands

Getting pushed into the gym pool and yelling “Holy cow, that’s cold” doesn’t count as ablution.

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8
Q

abnegate (v)

/AB-ne-gate/

A

to renounce something or deny it to yourself

Stephanie abnegated fried food and soda before the prom, hoping to fit into her newly purchased dress.

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9
Q

aboriginal (a)

/a-buh-RIDE-ih-nul/

A

inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times

In most cases, aboriginal people sadly have little or no say in issues related to their original homeland.

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10
Q

abrade (v)

/uh-BRADE/

A

to wear away, rub off, or erode through fraction

In the past, revelations about infidelity abraded voter support for candidates, but now such character traits don’t seem that important.

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11
Q

abrogate (v)

/A-bro-gate/

A

formally repeal or cancel something

The two business partners agreed to abrogate their contract after they discovered their venture was no longer profitable.

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12
Q

abscond (v)

/ab-SKOND/

A

to run away secretly

The plan was to rob the jewellery store, abscond to a safe location, and later fence the goods.

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13
Q

absolve (v)

/ab-ZOLV/

A

declare someone free from blame, guilt, or responsibility

Over the objections of the district attorney, the judge absolved the accused of all charges.

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14
Q

accede (v)

/ak-SEED/

A

to give consent or agree to something

It is the policy of the U.S government to never accede to the demands of terrorists.

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15
Q

accrue (v)

/uh-CRUE/

A

to gather over a period of time

Money held in a bank will accrue interest over time.

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16
Q

acrophobia (n)

/a-croh-FO-bee-a/

A

an irrational fear of high places

It’s almost impossible to find a roofer with acrophobia, at least one who isn’t unemployed.

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17
Q

acumen (n)

/a-CUE-men/

A

quick insight, the ability to make good judgements

Laurie was said to have great business acumen because every venture she became involved quickly turned a profit.

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18
Q

adamant (a)

/A-duh-munt/

A

very determined and not influenced by appeals to reconsider or change

Despite the concerns of his parents, Steve was adamant about not attending college after graduation from high school.

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19
Q

addendum (n)

/a-DEN-duhm/

A

something added or a supplement to a book or magazine

No matter how thorough the committee’s report was, someone was always wanted to suggest an addendum.

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20
Q

adept (a)

/a-DEPT/

A

highly proficient, skilled, or expert

The league’s most valuable player was adept at hitting home runs, particularly with men on base late in the game.

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21
Q

adjudicate (v)

/a-DJOO-di-cate/

A

to reach judicial decision

Those on the Supreme Court adjudicate only the most difficult cases and only those with constitutional implications.

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22
Q

akin (a)

/uh-KIN/

A

related by blood

Jodi’s constant exaggerations were akin to lies, but she believed they were just embellishments.

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23
Q

allay (v)

/uh-LAY/

A

to calm a strong emotion like anger, fear, or suspicion

The CEO met with the entire staff to allay their fears regarding possible lay-offs and firings.

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24
Q

amble (v)

/AM-bul/

A

to walk leisurely and slowly in a relaxed manner

Some tourists amble up and down the boardwalk in Atlantic City, while others remain firmly in one seat, playing blackjack.

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25
ameliorate (v) /uh-MEEL-yoh-rate/
to improve or upgrade, to make something better The marriage counsellor's attempts to ameliorate conflicts between the Smiths were welcome, unfortunately, they were not successful.
26
amenable (a) /uh-MEE-nuh-bul/
agreeable to suggestion; likely to cooperate Students were amenable to a new dress code if they were asked to give input when it was being decided.
27
amenity (n) /uh-ME-nih-tee/
useful, attractive, or pleasant feature No longer satisfied with a minor amenity like a mint on the pillow, frequent guests at five-star hotels demand much more.
28
amiable (a) /AY-me-uh-bul/
pleasant and friendly My friend Amy is able to get along with everyone because she is amiable.
29
anagram (n) /A-nuh-GRAM/
a word or phrase spelled from the rearranged letter of another word Anagrams can be used as memory devices and can also be enjoyed as fascinating word puzzle.
30
anathema (n) /uh-NA-theh-muh/
someone or something that is greatly disliked The events of the Holocaust are anathema to all moral and civilized human beings.
31
antebellum (a) /an-tih-BEH-luhm/
pertaining to the period preceding a war For those once held in slavery, the antebellum period was not to be remembered with fond or romantic thought of Southern traditions.
32
aphorism (n) /A-fuh-rih-zum/
saying that expresses an opinion or a general truth Aphorisms may seen oversimplified to some, but when you think about it, their basics wisdom is often quite striking.
33
aplomb (n) /uh-PLUM/
confidence, skill, and poise in difficult or challenging situations The entire family handled the difficult period of the memorial service and funeral with aplomb.
34
apocryphal (a) /uh-PO-krih-fuhl/
probably not true, but widely believed to be so It is hard to believe that some still think that the Apollo missions, with men landing on the moon, are apocryphal.
35
apparition (n) /a-puh-RIH-shen/
a ghost or ghostlike image of a person Bob's quick appearance at breakfast, as he rushed off to school, caused his parents to jokingly call him an apparition.
36
apprise (v) /uh-PRISE/
inform or tell The teacher promised she would apprise all class members of their semester grades as soon as possible.
37
aspersion (n) /uh-SPUR-zhun/
an attack on the reputation or integrity of someone Angry individuals are likely to case aspersions on the target of their hostility.
38
audacious (a) /aw-DAY-shuss/
bold, unrestrained, or uncompromising The audacious behaviour of the fans almost caused the team to be penalized and have to forfeit the game.
39
auspicious (a) /AWS-pih-suhs/
giving or being a sign of future success Everyone in attendance agreed that it was an auspicious sign that the clouds parted and the sun shone just fifteen minutes before the commencement ceremony was scheduled to begin.
40
austere (a) /aw-STEER/
strict To the surprise of many, the austere town librarian had bequeathed more than a million dollars to the local college.
41
avarice (n) /A-vuh-riss/
unreasonably strong desire for money and richness Some believe that avarice drove the recent corporate wrongdoings, which resulted in several CEOs being tried and convicted of crimes.
42
axiom (a) /ack-SEE-um/
a statement or idea accepted as self-evident, requiring no proof A straight line is the shortest distance between two points is an axiom for both mathematicians and travellers.
43
balderdash (n) /BALL-der-dash/
senseless or nonsense talking or writing How embarrassing for your favourite English teacher to call your essay balderdash!
44
bandy (v) /BAN-dee/
to exchange, trade, or pass word or blows The two brothers were known to bandy both words and loving punches, but they never came to serious blows.
45
baneful (a) /BAYN-ful/
ruinous or destructive; exceedingly harmful The baneful influence of gangs on their young members is without questions.
46
bedraggled (a) /bih-DRA-guld/
wet, dirty, unkempt, or in a general condition of disarray When the campers returned from three days in the woods, they were bedraggled and tired, but happy.
47
befuddle (v) /bih-FUH-dil/
to confuse or perplex The absent-minded professor's lectures so befuddled his students that they were quickly as confused as he was.
48
beget (v) /bih-GET/
give rise to or bring about Despite the term's biblical overtones, it is correct to say that the first edition of my book beget the second edition.
49
belated (a) /bih-LAY-ted/
late or tardy Belated gift and good wishes should be graciously received and appreciated, through this is hard for some to do.
50
bellicose (a) /BEH-lih-koce/
ready or incline to quarrel, fight or go to war It is ominous when leaders engage their nations in bellicose behaviour, for little good can come of such actions.
51
belligerent (a) /beh-LIH-je-rent/
ready to start war or fight; hostile and aggressive Football players, especially those who play on defence, often psych themselves into a belligerent state prior to each game.
52
bemused (a) /bih-MYOOZD/
confused, puzzled, preoccupied, and unable to think clearly College students often appear bemused right before an exam, for they are focusing intently on their studies.
53
benediction (n) /beh-nih-DIK-shun/
a formal blessing or expression of good wishes After the benediction, the congregation would meet for lunch and then work on community service projects.
54
bequeath (v) /bih-QUEETH/
to leave personal property to someone after death by means of a will Steve had always hoped that his grandfather would bequeath him his classic 1965 Mustang convertible.
55
beseech (v) /bih-SEECH/
to beg or ask earnestly The students beseeched the teacher to delay the quiz until the next day, as most were not prepared.
56
bilk (v) /BILK/
swindle or cheat The swindler denied that he had ever bilked any person of money or property.
57
bluster (v) /BLUS-ter/
to speak loudly, arrogantly and boisterously Senators filibuster while bullies bluster, and both verbal strategies yield little action.
58
bohemian (n) /bo-HEE-mee-un/
someone who does not live according to conventions of society According to Jim, he was bohemian; according to his parents, he was just lazy, unkempt, and lacking in ambition.
59
bombast (n) /BOM-bast/
speech or writing full of long and pretentious words, usually meant to impress others The senatorial candidate did not instil confidence in voters, for his announcement speed seemed little more than bombast.
60
bona fide (a) /BOE-nuh fyde/
authentic, actual, or genuine Mr. and Mrs. Stevens bought a painting at a garage sale for $50, and they later found it to be bona fide masterpiece worth $50,000
61
boorish (a) /BUHR-ish/
insensitive, ill-mannered, and offensive Fraternity boys are notorious for boorish behaviour.
62
bowdlerize (v) /BOWD-lujr-EYZE/
to remove part of work of literature considered objectionable or offensive The editor bowdlerized the author's first draft to make the book marketable to a broader audience.
63
braggadocio (n) /bra-guh-DOA-see-oo/
someone who makes over exaggerated claims or empty boasts Fighters who can back up their boasts are not simply full of braggadocio, but they are still often controversial.
64
brandish (v) /BRAN-dish/
to wave something especially a weapon, in a threatening or menacing way The hockey player suddenly, without warning, brandished his stick and skated toward the frightened crowd.
65
brusque (a) /BRUSK/
abrupt, blunt, short, or curt in manner or speech Her brusque actions appeared unfriendly at first, but later they were perceived as honest and sincere.
66
bugaboo (n) /BU-guh-boo/
something that causes fear, annoyance, trouble, worry, or dismay Not swimming for an hour after eating seemed a bugaboo to him, rather than good advice.
67
canard (n) /kuh-NARD/
a deliberately false report, rumor, or fabrication intended as a joke Wally's story about how the dog ate his paper was clearly a canard, but the teacher took pity and accepted the excuse.
68
captious (a) /KAP-shuss/
tending to find fault or raise petty objections The stereotypical, nagging mother-in-law is captious to an extreme, and teens tend to think that their parents are as well.
69
carte blanche (n) /kart BLONSH/
permission given to someone to do entirely as they wish The home owners gave carte blanche to the talented interior decorator, knowing their new room would be beautiful as well as expensive.
70
caustic (a) /KOSS-tick/
corrosive or capable of burning Jane's caustic speech caused all the members to re-examine their support of her candidacy
71
cavalier (a) /KA-vuh-LEER/
arrogant, with disregard or lack of respect for someone or something The lacrosse player's cavalier attitude toward school may someday interfere with his dream of playing the sport in college.
72
cavil (v) /KA-vuhl/
to raise objection based on small and unimportant points Laura cavilled about the length of her altered skirt, but she later realized that the extra quarter-inch made no difference.
73
chagrin (n) /shuh-GRIN/
a feeling of humiliation due to disappointment Much to the chagrin of his family and friends, Suzanne rejected Bill's proposal.
74
chicanery (n) /shi-KAN-er-ree/
deception or trickery used to manipulate facts or language The actions and oratory of Professor Harold Hill, that famous character in the musical The Music Man, are often held up as perfect illustrations of chicanery.
75
chivalrous (a) /SHI-vuhl-russ/
courteous and gallant especially toward women Placing one's coat over a puddle for a lady was once thought chivalrous, but it's now more likely to be thought crazy.
76
churlish (a) /CHUHR-lish/
rude in a mean-spirited and surly way Churlish behaviour is never acceptable, no matter the person or the circumstances, but it is very hard to stop.
77
clairvoyance (n) /klare-VOY-ene/
the ability to see things beyond normal vision Clare's claims of seeing into the future, and her amazing talent for predicting outcomes, still didn't prove her clairvoyance.
78
clandestine (a) /klan-DESS-tin/
kept secret or done secretively, especially because illicit The clandestine activities of spies may seem glamorous in books and movies, but to those who really work in intelligence gathering, life can be dull as well as dangerous.
79
clemency (n) /KLEH-muhn-see/
a show of mercy or leniency toward a wrongdoer or opponent Jack's parents showed clemency and allowed him to keep his car even after his speeding conviction, inspiring him to drive more carefully.
80
collusion (n) /kuh-LOO-zhun/
secret or illegal cooperation or conspiracy We suspect collusion when the price of gas rises and all stations charge the same higher rates, but it may just be the power of supply and demand
81
comely (a) /KUM-lee/
pleasant to look at; attractive; usually referring to women Comely women hope that love is more than skin deep and that men are attracted to them for more than just their looks.
82
commensurate (v) /kuh-MENTZ-rit/
properly or appropriately proportionate Stewart's grades were, unfortunately, commensurate with the small amount of time and energy he invested in his academics.
83
commiserate (v) /kuh-MIH-zeh-rate/
to express or feel sympathy or pity; sympathize After the game, the first thing the team did was commiserate with the parents of the player who was seriously injured.
84
compendious (a) /kum-PEN-dee-us/
containing a wide range of information in a concise form This book is both compendious and tremendous, or you wouldn't be reading it, would you?
85
complaisant (a) /kum-PLAY-zunt/
willing to please others Once Principal McAdams spoke honestly with Catherine, she transformed from an oppositional brat into a complaisant achiever.
86
comport (v) /kum-PORT/
conduct oneself; behave The chaperones on the trip expected everyone to comport themselves appropriately and politely.
87
compunction (n) /kum-PUNK-shun/
feeling of guilt, shame, and regret about doing something wrong It is extremely sad when you see friends behaving badly yet showing no compunction.
88
concerted (a) /kun-SURT-id/
jointly arranged, planned, or carried out Musicians in concert act as performers concerted to achieve common creative objections.
89
confluence (n) /KAHN-flue-ence/
a point where two or more streams flow together If you think about it, most of the world's religious have common origins and many points of confluence.
90
conjure (v) /KOH-jur/
to perform illusions and magic using agile hands movement On the anniversary of Houdini's death, many try to conjure up the image of this famous magician who spent his life exploring the potential to communicate with dead.
91
consortium (n) /kun-SOR-shee-um/
a group set up for a common purpose The Career and Internship Connection is a consortium of about a dozen school that participate in four off-campus recruiting events.
92
construe (v) /kon-STROO/
interpret in a particular way It is often an attorney's job to construe the meaning of a contract, then share that interpretation with a client and, if needed, with a judge or jury.
93
consummate (v) /KON-suh-mate/
to bring deal to end; make a marriage legally valid by having sexual relationship By consummating an agreement, and then signing the letter of intent, the high school All-American football player committed to attending Notre Dame.
94
contemptuous (a) /kun-TEMP-choo-wus/
showing contempt; scornful The contemptuous behaviour of gang members is perhaps the most difficult issue faced in many urban areas today
95
contravene (v) /kon-truh-VEEN/
to disagree with or oppose a decision or statement The decision of coaches are rarely contravened by players.
96
contrivance (n) /kun-TRY-vunce/
a cleverly made, unusual device or machine The contrivances of alchemists were machines that attempted,and failed, to turn base metals into gold.
97
convalescence (n) /kon-vuh-LES-sunce/
time spent resting, recovering, and regaining one's health after injury or sickness Those people who believe convalescence is done better at home don't have two year-old twins.
98
convivial (a) /kun-VIV-yul/
enjoyable because of friendliness and enjoyable It was very surprising that the prom was so convivial, given that adolescents can often be competitive and taunting.
99
corroborate (v) /kuh-RAW-buh-rate/
to give evidence of the truth Jim said his brother would corroborate his story, providing he was nowhere near the scene of the crime.
100
covenant (n) /KUHV-nent/
a binding agreement or contract between two or more people Some teenagers believe promises made by parents, particularly regarding cars and curfews, should be thought as covenants.
101
credulous (a) /KREH-juh-luss/
having or showing too great readiness to believe things Credulous consumers are likely to spend thousands of dollars on diets and exercise equipment that don’t really work.
102
cumbersome (a) /KUM-ber-sum/
awkward to carry or handle While desktop computer have become smaller and lighter, they are still cumbersome when compared to laptop models.
103
cupidity (n) /kyoo-PIH-duh-tee/
greed Unrealistic cupidity of youth, often expressed by spoiled children, should with time be replaced by the work ethic of an adult.
104
dalliance (n) /DA-lee-unce/
a lighthearted undertaking; flirtation Stephanie could not forgive her husband's dalliance, so she asked for a divorce.
105
dank (a) /DANK/
damp and chilling The Williams' basement was dank even before the rainy winter season
106
decorum (n) /dih-COR-um/
dignity or correctness that is socially expected A visit to the Supreme Court will reveal the meaning of true decorum.
107
decrepit (a) /dih-KREH-pit/
in very poor condition; old and overused Most of the buildings iun the so-called poor part of town were indeed decrepit and dangerous to live in.
108
defamation (n) /de-fuh-MAY-shun/
false, baseless attack on a person's or group's reputation, name, or character Defamation seems to be the purpose of many newspapers that focus on sensational stories about starts and celebrities.
109
deference (n) /DEH-fuh-rence/
polite respect or submission to the judgement, opinion, or wished of another In deference to the memory of his brother, Ken did not speak about the details of his accident with anyone.
110
deign (v) /DANE/
to do something in a way that shows it is beneath one's dignity Plase don’t deign to support our fundraising efforts if you are truly not on board with our program.
111
delectable (a) /dih-LEK-tuh-bull/
delicious Italian and Jewish grandmas are famous for their delectable dishes, served with a bit of guilt on the side.
112
demure (a) /dih-MYOOR/
modest, reserved, or shy in appearance Demure actions and attitudes are much more proper than oppositional and defiant behaviour.
113
deplorable (a) /dih-nun-see-AY-shun/
worthy of severe condemnation, censure, and denunciation It's common for litigants in a divorce to issue strong mutual denunciations.
114
deprecate (v) /DEH-prih-kate/
to belittle or express disapproval of someone or something Verbal bullies deprecate other rather than using their fists, but the words hurt just the same.
115
derision (n) /dih-RIH-zhun/
contemptuous ridicule or mockery Whenever these two school compete in a sporting event, all you hear is derision chanted back and forth from one side to the other.
116
despondent (a) /dih-SPON-dunt/
extremely unhappy, depressed, dejected, or discouraged Divorce respondents are often despondent, if depressed about the breakup or, most likely, the attorney fees.
117
despotism (n) /DESS-puh-tih-zum/
authoritarian rule by a tyrant, dictator, or despot The rise of despotism is often linked to poverty, when the poor hope a powerful leader can bring positive changes.
118
dexterous (a) /DEK-steh-russ/
easy and skilled in movement, usually in tasks completed with the hands The director was looking for a dexterous actor who could succeed both in doing stunts and in playing the dramatic role.
119
diatribe (n) /DIE-uh-tribe/
a bitter verbal or written attack; a denunciation Angry at being caught cheating, the student launched a profanity-laced diatribe on the test proctor.
120
didactic (a) /die-DAK-tik/
educational Some authors and lectures are subtly didactic, while others are more obvious and preachy.
121
diffident (a) /DIH-fuh-dent/
lacking self-confidence Diffident individuals don't belong in sales positions, which require assertiveness and risk-taking.
122
diminutive (a) /dih-MIH-nyoo-tiv/
very small, or smaller than usual The diminutive yet amazing basketball player proved the axiom "Good things do come in small packages"
123
disconcerting (a) /diss-kon-SER-ting/
causing unease, confusion, or dismay Many actions that are typical of teens are disconcerting to their parents and teachers.
124
disparate (a) /DISS-puh-rut/
essentially different Neil Simon's play The Odd Couple was about two disparate men who learned their friendship could overcome all differences.
125
disport (v) /dih-SPORT/
to show off, draw attention to oneself, or behave in a playful way Those two teens are active like little kids as they disport at Disneyland.
126
dissonance (n) /DIH-suh-nunce/
incompatibility among ideas, action or beliefs Adolescence is often described as a period of dissonance, when young men and women face challenges, confusion, and conflict as they forge new beliefs that are often incompatible with past behaviors.
127
dissuade (v) /dih-SWADE/
to persuade someone against a course of action Tim's classmates dissuaded him from cutting class and risking a detention.
128
docile (a) /DAW-sul/
quiet, easy to control or teach It is unusual to find a truly docile wolf, for these animals are wild by nature.
129
domicile (n) /DAH-muh-cile/
an occupied house, apartment, or residence Homeless individuals, by definition, have no domicile, so it is difficult if not impossible for them to get certain financial benefits.
130
dossier (n) /DOSS-yey/
a collection of documents related to a particular person or topic The personnel office keeps a dossier on all employees.
131
droll (a) /DROLE/
amusing in a wry, odd, or funny way Norma's peers considered her droll, for she was always able to make them laugh with her offbeat comments.
132
eccentricity (n) /ek-sen-TRIH-suh-tee/
unconventional, unpredictable, or erratic behaviour or quality William was thought to be odd in general, but one of his eccentricities, his making of unusual noises, could have been a symptom of Tourette's syndrome.
133
educe (v) /ih-DOOCE/
to elicit, derive, or draw something out, often as in a logical conclusion Myron's attempts to educe his sister's whereabouts were futile.
134
effrontery (n) /ih-FRON-tuh-ree/
an attitude or action notable for being bold, impudent, shameless, or arrogant Sean had the effrontery to ask his parents for a new car immediately after he had an accident that was a result of drinking and driving.
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egregious (a) /ih-GREE-juss/
incorrect to an extraordinary level An egregious error is one so obvious it should bot have been made, nor should it be easily forgiven.
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elocution (n) /eh-luh-KYOO-shun/
a manner or style of speaking, especially public The candidate's elocution was so poor that it diminished her ability to convey a coherent message.
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emanate (v) /EH-muh-nate/
to come from or come out of someone, something, or somewhere The glow and heat that emanated from the fireplace made everyone feeld warm and safe.
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enervate (v) /EH-nur-vate/
to weaken someone's physical, mental, or moral vitality Activity-packed family vacations that are intended to provide rest and recuperation often enervate all involved.
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en masse (b) /on MASS/
as a body or group Teenage girls seem to move en mass, almost always in a group.
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enmesh (v) /en-MESH/
to involve, entangle, or implicate someone in a way that makes it hard to them to quit When Julie got home, she was immediately enmeshed in the raging argument between her brother and sister.
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enmity (n) /En-mi-tee/
extreme ill will, hatred, and mutual antagonism between enemies The enmity between terrorists and those they consider enemies grows day by day
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enshrine (v) /en-SHRINE/
to protect and preserve from change The most significant honour an athlete can receive is to be enshrined in a sport's hall of fame.
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enthralling (a) /inh-THRALL-ing/
delightful, fascinating, or engaging someone's attention For most teenage boys, the beauty of swimsuit models is enthralling, to say the least.
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epicure (n) /EH-puh-kyoor/
someone with a refined taste for food and drink To an epicure, a fast food restaurant is an affront and not worthy of discussion.
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epiphany (n) /ih-PIH-fuh-nee/
a sudden intuitive leap of understanding Seemingly miraculous circumstances, such as an unexplained recuperation from serious illness, often lead a person to an epiphany regarding the blessing of life.
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equanimity (n) /ee-kwa-NIH-muh-tee/
mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper Equanimity is a quality to be revered and one that can be taught, practised, and perfected.
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equinox (n) /EE-kwih-noks/
either of the two days in which day and night are approximately equal The vernal equinox occurs in the spring, and the autumnal equinox occurs in the fall.
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ersatz (v) /HER-sats/
being a imitation or substitute for something of better quality Margarine is really just ersatz butter, so it does not taste as good.
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esoteric (a) /eh-suh-TARE-ik/
intended to be understood by selected and initiated few Esoteric historians are not overly popular among college freshmen, but senior history major tend to like terms.
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espouse (v) /his-POWZ/
to adopt, support or advocate a particular belief or cause Presidential candidates tend to espouse centrist causes as the election draws nearer.
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estrange (v) /iss-TRANGE/
to cause someone to stop feeling friendly, affectionate, or sympathetic Today it is not unusual for family members to be estranged, either not living with or not caring about each other.
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euphemism (n) /YOO-fuh-mih-zum/
a word or phrase used in place of another because it is less direct or unpleasant you say these are going to be times of challenge for this company; isn't that just a euphemism for times of decreased profitability?
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evanescent (a) /Eh-vuh-NEH-sent/
disappearing after only a short time; likely to vanish Some stellar phenomena appear to astronomers, even those using the most sophisticated equipment, as evanescent events, visible for only fractions of seconds
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exhort (v) /ig-ZORT/
to urge someone strongly and earnestly to follow a course of action Some believe it is an axiom that a crowd of cheering fans can exhort players to chive their maximum capability
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exigency (n) /eck-ZIH-jen-see/
an urgent need or demand When the woman on the plane complained of labour pains, the flight attendant fully understood the exigency of the situation.
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exonerate (v) /ig-ZAH-nuh-rate/
officially declare someone not guilty of a crime or blameless for an act The jury exonerated him of any guilt in the case, but many people believed he was still somehow responsible.
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expeditious (a) /eck-spuh-DIH-shuss/
speedy, prompt, and efficient My expeditious completion of all chores meant I could leave the house immediately after dinner.
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expletive (n) /EK-splih-tive/
an exclamation, interjection, or profanity One of the editor's jobs was to expurgate expletives from the manuscript in order to make the final copy acceptable to all readers.
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expurgate (v) /ECK-spur-GATE/
to remove matter thought to be objectionable or unsuitable form The Federal Communications Commission motivates broadcasters to expurgate offensive material by levying fines on stations that receive complaints from listeners
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extenuate (v) /ick-STEN-yoo-ate/
to make a mistake, fault, or error seem less serious by providing mitigating excuses Dylan managed to extenuate his tardiness and avoid a week's detention.
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extrapolate (v) /ick-STRA-puh-late/
to use known facts as a starting point, and then draw conclusion about something Crime scene investigators are known for their abilities to extrapolate information about victim's last hours, based on forensic evidence
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facet (n) /FA-sit/
a component, dimension, or aspect; one of several parts; side In order to do well on the history exam, Jay had to study all facets of the Civil War and the antebellum period.
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facetious (a) /fa-SEE-shuss/
intended to be humorous, but often silly or inappropriate Parents are being facetious when suggest that children whining about being bored should go play in traffic
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fastidious (a) /fa-STIH-dee-uss/
concerned over the perfection of even the smallest detail Robbies's mom is known as fastidious housekeeper, so we all took our shoes off at he door.
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feckless (a) /FEK-less/
unable or unwilling to do anything useful it is frustrating when the most vocal person in a group of volunteers also proves to be the most feckless
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felicity (n) /fih-LIH-suh-tee/
happiness, contentment, and bliss The baby's after meal felicity was a relief to his tired mother
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feral (a) /FEER-uhl/
having the qualities of a wild beast Legends of feral children, those reared by wolves or apes, are common in folk-lore and literature.
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fervour (n) /FUR-vur/
the extreme intensity of an emotion or belief Overcome by the fervour of the game, not the heat, the players on the winning team took off their jerseys and threw them to the crowd.
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flaunt (v) /FLONT/
to display in an ostentatious way Rappers flaunt their income with what they call "bling", and what others call ostentatious jewellery.
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flout (v) /FLOUT/
openly disregard or break a rule, law, or tradition Leaving one's hat on during the playing of national anthem flouts a tradition and it is considered highly disrespectful.
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foible (n) /FOI-bull/
an idiosyncrasy, small weakness A common foible is to surround yourself with those who flatter, rather than those who will be honest.
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foist (v) /FOYST/
to unload something undesirable, false, or inferior on the pretense that it is genuine, valuable This project was foisted off on us because everyone believed it was impossible and because we were considered the worst department in the organization.
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foray (n) /FORE-ay/
an initial attempt at a new activity or occupation; military raid Elizabeth's foray into the world of publishing was not without some disheartening moments.
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fractious (a) /FRAK-shuss/
irritable and quarrelsome For some strange reason, the saying "Boys will be boys" is often used to describe fractious male teens who act out in public.
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fruition (n) /froo-IH-shun/
the point at which something comes to maturity or reaches a desired outcome All those years of studying reached fruition when Ted was accepted to the college he had dreamed of.
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fulminate (v) /FUL-mih-nate/
to criticize or denounce loudly, dramatically, or forcefully By now, we had grown tired of listening to our father fulminating against " those crooked politicians."
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funereal (a) /fyoo-NIR-ee-uhl/
solemn, mournful, dark, brooding, and dismal After they lost the state championship, the football team's locker room could be accurately described as funereal.
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furtive (a) /FUR-tiv/
sly and stealthy Prior to the surprise party, Stacy's friends appeared furtive as they made plans, purchased gifts, and transported supplies.
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fussbudget (n) /FUSS-buh-jet/
someone who typically worries about trivial things Most fussbudgets seem to have an unlimited supply of fuss and bother because they never ran out of either.
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gallantry (n) /GAL-luhn-tree/
courtesy, thoughtfulness, and bravery Some say that chivalry and gallantry are dead, but if you look hard you can see that they are still alive and well in many modern attitudes and actions.
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galumph (v) /ga-LUMF/
to walk or run in a clumsy and boisterous way Today's athletes galumph in triumph after a touchdown, basket, or goal; they have no concern for the sportsmanship of the past.
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galvanize (v) /GAL-vuh-nize/
to stimulate someone or something into action, especially by electric current The hardships of winter galvanize the isolated residents of Maine to help one another whenever needed.
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gamesmanship (n) /GAYMZ-muhn-ship/
strategies used to gain an advantage in sports, life, business, or politics Pre-game chatter with opposing team members is a sure sign of gamesmanship, and it can backfire at times.
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gamut (n) /GA-mut/
the full range or extent His house featured an entertainment center whose components ran the gamut of the state-of-the-art equipment.
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garner (v) /GAHR-ner/
to earn, acquire, collect, amass, gather, or accumulate something by effort Jamie, always as a good student, garnered many honors at commencement, including that of valedictorian.
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garnish (v) /GAHR-nish/
to add something to food or drink to enhance flavor or appearance Tony would garnish his wedding cakes with rose blossoms, enhancing their appearance as well as fragrance.
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garrulous (a) /GAR-uh-lus/
excessively talkative Drunk are often described as garrulous.
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gauche (a) /GOASH/
lacking grace or tact in a social situation Justin's constant belching at the table was clearly gauche, but he believed such behavior was normal for a teenager.
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genteel (a) /jen-TEEL/
refined, good-mannered Cynthia took care to make sure she ate properly and conversed politely at her first experience with her genteel future in-laws.
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germane (a) /jerr-MAYNE/
suitable related to something, especially the topic being discussed Let's see what Bill has to say, as his contributions are always germane.
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gerrymander (v) /JAIR-ee-MAN-der/
to divide an electoral district so as to give a political advantage to a particular party The state legislature's attempt to gerrymander was deemed illegal and voided by the state supreme court.
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gizmo (n) /GIZZ-moe/
an overly complicated device, usually mechanical Justin's father is always designing and building gizmos that cost more than things he could just get from the store.
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glasnost (n) /GLAZ-noast/
A policy permitting greater openness, discussion, and disclosure of ideas and information A period of glasnost preceded the downfall of the Soviet Union and foretold of an independent and democratic Russia.
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gloaming (n) /GLOW-ming/
the time of fading light after sunset, just before dark The gloaming is sometimes gloomy, but often serene.
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goad (v) /GODE/
to provoke, invite, stimulate, urge, or prod, especially toward a specific action As a form of initiation, or hazing, members of the football team would goad freshmen into running naked across the field.
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graft (n) /GRAFT/
the use of dishonest or illegal means to gain assets by use of office power The game had been sold out for months, and the mayor's easy acquisition of choice tickets led to whisperings of graft in the administration.
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gratuitous (a) /gra-TOO-ih-tuss/
unnecessary, out of place, excessive, and unjustifiable Gratuitous violence and nudity has become prevalent in movies and video games.
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gravitas (n) /GRAH-vih-tahs/
a serious and solemn attitude or way of behaving A funeral is an appropriate place for gravitas.
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grovel (v) /GRAH-vul/
to show exaggerated and false respect Prisoners were forced to grovel before their guards, fearing torture and abuse if they did not.
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haggard (a) /HA-gurd/
showing signs of tiredness, anxiety, or hunger After a twelve-hour shift at the hospital, anyone would look haggard.
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halcyon (a) /HAL-see-on/
tranquil, prosperous, carefree The company's halcyon years were behind it; all was in chaos now.
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hale (a) /HAYL/
in robust good health After recovering from a bout of flue, Mitch was finally feeling hale again.
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halitosis (n) /HA-lih-toe-sis/
bad breath Knowing about Skip's halitosis, I decided to wait for the next elevator after I saw him get on one.
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hallmark (n) /HAWL-mahrk/
a mark showing something is of high quality or purity Each college has a building that serves as a hallmark of that institution.
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hallow (v) /HA-low/
to make holy Many football fans hallow the frozen tundra of Lambeau Field where the Green Bay Packers play.
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halo effect (n) /HAY-low ih-FEKT/
tendency to judge someone as being totally good because one particular aspect of his The halo effect helps us assume that young men and women who sign in church choirs and participate in church youth groups are free of behavioral problems, but it's not always true.
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hapless (a) /HA-pluss/
unlucky or unfortunate High school freshmen seem so hapless during the first few weeks of school, but they later appear more confident.
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harangue (v) /huh-RANG/
to criticize or question in a very loud, forceful or angry way Peter's parents would regularly harangue him regarding inappropriate dress and behavior, but it never seemed to help.
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harbinger (n) /HAR-bing-jur/
someone or something that brings about a major change Employment figures are accepted as harbingers of economic trends and, during election years, of political success or failure.
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haughty (a) /HAW-tee/
superior, condescending, or arrogant The haughty behavior of those who were members of the country club was not appreciated by their friends.
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hegemony (n) /hih-JEH-muh-nee/
control or dominating influence by one person or group over the other England has throughout history been accused of trying to achieve hegemony, particularly with regard to past members of the British Empire.
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heirloom (n) /ARE-lume/
something valuable handed down from one generation to the next The cameo brooch that MRs. Powell wore was an heirloom passed on by her grandmother to her mother and from her mother to her.
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heraldry (n) /HEHR-uhl-dree/
armory The study of medieval heraldry can be fascinating.
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herstory (n) /HER-steh-ree/
history presented from a feminist or emphasis of women The herstory of the women's suffrage movement is in many ways the story of Sysan B. Anothy's life.
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heyday (n) /HAY-day/
the time of someone's or something's greatest popularity, success, or power While it was thought that the 1960s were the heyday of the bell-bottom, this fashion trend seems to be making a revival today.
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hiatus (n) /hie-AY-tuss/
a break in something where there should be continuity After his refusal to submit to the draft and his long hiatus from boxing, Muhammad Ali returned to the ring and won back the heavyweight title.
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hindsight (n) /HYND-syte/
the realization or analysis of an even after it has happened Hindsight is twenty-twenty, and lessons learned by analyzing history should prove valuable when planning for the future.
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homage (n) /AH-mih/
show of reverence, honor, respect By visiting the lacrosse hall of fame, the team paid homage to the sport they played.
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hubris (n) /HYOO-briss/
excessive pride or arrogance It was clear that the immaturity and hubris displayed by many dot-com millionaires lead to the downfall of their companies and the financial woes of many shareholders.
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Iberian (n) /EYE-beer-ee-uhn/
someone who lives or was born or raised in Spain or Portugal While Iberians share a common geography, those from Spain and Portugal want to be perceived as a unique people.
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ichthus (n) /ICK-thaas/
simple symbol of Christianity People sometimes put ichthus pumper sticker on their cars, often to let others know they are born-again Christians.
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iconoclast (n) /eye-kah-nuh-KLAST/
someone who challenges or overturns tradition customs, beliefs, and values Iconoclasts are always controversial, and often they are perceived as dangerous.
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idyllic (a) /EYE-dih-lick/
serenely beautiful, untroubled, and happy As the arrived at the bed and breakfast at sunset, it seemed an idyllic place to stay for their honeymoon.
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ignominious (a) /ig-nuh-MIH-nee-uss/
characterized by a total loss of dignity and pride; disgraceful; shameful Richard Nixon's ignominious resignation of the presidency will forever remind those in high office to be honest and not cover up errors in judgment.
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ignoramus (n) /ig-nuh-RAY-muss/
an ignorant or stupid person Someone who ignores his studding may not be smart, but he should not be called an ignoramus.
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imbibe (v) /im-BIBE/
to drink something, especially alcohol or alcoholic beverages Although is sounds better to say "imbibe" and "inebriated," you might just as well say "booze it up" and "drunk."
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imbroglio (n) /im-BROAL-yo/
a confusing, messy, or complicated situation Soap opera characters become entangled in one imbroglio after another, never learning from their mistakes.
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imbue (v) /im-BYOO/
to saturate something with substance, particularly a liquid or dye Good teachers seek to imbue students with the love of learning in addition to facts and subject knowledge.
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immutable (a) /ih-MUH-nent/
not changing, or not able to be changed Everyone knew that the victory was imminent, so they left the game early.
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impart (v) /im-PART/
to give or bestow a particular quality upon something; communicate Professor Green daily sought to impart wisdom to his students.
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imperative (a) /im-PAIR-uh-tive/
absolutely necessary, unavoidable, obligatory, or mandatory As the fire swept closer, it became imperative to evacuate.
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impertinence (n) /im-PURR-tih-nent/
boldness or rudeness Too often confused with courage, impertinence is unacceptable in most circumstances.
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impervious (a) /im-PUHR-vee-us/
not allowing something to pass through Everyone knows Superman was impervious to pain, except that caused by Kryptonite.
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impetuous (a) /im-PEH-choo-wus/
tending to act on the spur of the moment, without consideration of consequences Some believe the phrase "impetuous youth" is redundant, for acting without thinking is one way to define adolescence.
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impinge (v) /im-PINJ/
to strike or run into something, with force Censorship most definitely impinges on the right of free speech, which is why we hold the first amendment sacred.
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implore (v) /im-PLORE/
to beg or pray for something fervently No matter how Bob implored her, the teacher would not allow him to make up the exam.
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imprudent (a) /im-PROO-dent/
showing no care, forethought, or judgement Buying cigarettes and alcohol for her teenage friends was certainly imprudent, as well as illegal and improper.
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impugn (v) /im-PYOON/
to suggest that someone or something cannot be trusted The defence attorney sought to impugn the prosecutor's witness.
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impunity (n) /im-PYOO-nuh-tee/
exemption from punishment, harm, penalty, or recrimination Exemption from punishment, harm, penalty, or recrimination.
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inane (a) /in-ANE/
having little sense or importance Inane comments are best ignored, even if they are made by one who should know better.
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inauspicious (a) /ih-nah-SPIH-shuss/
suggesting that the future is not very promising or that success is unlikely The inauspicious beginning of their trip was marked by a speeding ticket and a flat tire, making them fear would next go wrong.
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incendiary (a) /in-SEN-dee-air-ee/
designed to excite or inflame as in causing civil unrest His incendiary remarks were certainly not necessary, as the crowd was already emotionally charged.
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incessant (a) /in-SHE-sunt/
continuing unstopped for a long time The children's incessant signing on the bus gave the teacher and chaperon headaches.
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incipient (a) /in-SHE-pee-unt/
beginning to appear or develop Incipient bad behavior of puppies must be addressed quickly, as it quickly becomes difficult to change their habits.
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incisive (a) /in-SYE-siv/
quick to understand, analyze, or act Matt's incisive essay earned him an A, and it assured him a great grade point average for the semester.
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incognito (a) /in-cog-NEE-to/
With one's identity disguised or hidden Rock stars, actors, and other famous people wear sunglasses and hats, seeking to be incognito at restaurants; these disguises rarely work, though, and they are often recognized.
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incongruous (a) /in-KAHN-groo-wus/
unsuitable, strange not matching The mourner's smiles and giggles were completely incongruous at the funeral.
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incontrovertible (a) /in-KAHN-truh-VER-tuh-bull/
certain, undeniable, and not open to question or controversy The district attorney attempted to present incontrovertible proof of the defendant's guilt.
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incorrigible (a) /in-KORE-ij-uh-bul/
impossible to correct or reform It's premature to call a challenging kindergartener incorrigible, but those who had dealt with Katie were greatly tempted to do so.
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incredulous (a) /in-KRE-joo-lus/
unable or unwilling to believe The teenager was incredulous when accused of cheating, for he was a good student.
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inculcate (v) /IN-kuh-kate/
to fix something firmly in someone's mind using frequent and forceful repetition Police use "scared straight" strategies with at-risk youth, inculcating them with lessons related to the negative consequences of their actions, and instilling the fear of incarceration.
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indolent (a) /IN-duh-lent/
lazy, lethargic, not showing interest in making an effort Indolent youths don’t participate in athletics or in anything else.
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inebriate (v) /ih-NEE-bree-ate/
to cause someone to become drunk or intoxicated Prior to the state championship game, the anticipation and excitement inebriated all of the players.
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inexorable (a) /ih-NEKS-or-ruh-bul/
Unyielding The inexorable advance of our troops, the Union general said happily, "will complicate thing for Mr. Davis."
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infallible (a) /in-FA-luh-bul/
incapable of making a mistake Those who believe computers are infallible have never had a software virus.
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ingratiate (v) /in-GRAY-she-ate/
to try to gain someone's favor, especially in order to gain advantage When he first met his fiancee's parents, Chuck tried to ingratiate himself with his future father-in-law.
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innocuous (a) /ih0NAH-kyoo-wus/
not intended to cause offense or provoke a strong reaction Teasing is thought to be innocuous, until someone gets angry and fighting begins.
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inscrutable (a) /in-SKROO-tuh-bul/
hard to interpret because something is not expressed obviously The Mona Lisa's inscrutable smile has inspired eclectic emotions and thoughts in those privileged to view the painting.
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insipid (a) /in-SIH-pid/
dull; lacking flavor, vigor, or interest The film critic seem to describe most movies as insipid, so readers hoped he was not accurate all the time.
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insolent (a) /IN-suh-lent/
showing aggressive lack of respect Many adolescent boys appear insolent, when some are just naturally challenging authority.
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intercession (n) /IN-ter-SHE-shun/
the act of pleading on someone's behalf The coach's quick intercession stopped the fight before anyone from either team was ejected.
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interpolate (v) /in-TER-puh-layt/
to insert something, often unnecessary, between two elements Actuaries use statistics to interpolate customer's potential life expectancy, and that's how they figure out how much to charge for an insurance policy.
263
intransigence (n) /in-TRAN-sih-jents/
a firm, unyielding, or unreasonable refusal The intransigence of the union negotiators meant that the strike would continue.
264
inundation (n) /in-nun-DAY-shun/
a flood of water; overwhelming amount of things to deal with The newlyweds returned home to an inundation of family and friends who wanted to see them, but they wanted some time alone.
265
invective (n) /in-VEK-tiv/
abusive expression, or language used to denounce, attack or blame someone Angry over being charged with a foul, the basketball team's best player shouted invectives at the referee, and he was immediately ejected from the game.
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irreverent (a) /ih-REV-runt/
lacking in respect Irreverent comedians often use words that are considered expletives.
267
iteration (n) /ih-tuh-RAY-shun/
an instance or the act of repeating something After several iterations, the chefs found the best recipe for chocolate cheesecake.
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jejune (a) /jih-JOON/
uninteresting and intellectually undemanding Many of those taking their first music lessons have jejune dreams of game, fortune, and standing room only gigs.
269
jingoism (n) /JIN-goih-zhum/
zealous patriotism Jingoism usually manifests at times of war or just prior to war.
270
jobbery (n) /JAH-buh-ree/
corrupt practice The senator was accused of jobbery by his opponent, yet he was never charged formally.
271
jocular (a) /JAH-kyoo-lur/
having a playful, joking disposition Stan's always jocular behavior and attitude was out of place during serious times.
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jovial (a) /JOE-vee-uhl/
cheerful in mood or disposition Winning that much money on a lottery ticket would certainly put anyone in a jovial mood.
273
juggernaut (n) /JUH-guhr-not/
a force that is relentlessly destructive and that crushes all obstacles in its way The Green Bay Packers of the early 1960s were considered a professional football juggernaut.
274
junta (n) /HOON-tah/
group of military officers who have taken control of a country following a coup During difficult economic times, leaders of young democracies are fearful of minitary juntas.
275
jurisdiction (n) /joor-iss-DICK-shun/
the authority to enforce laws or pronounce legal judgements Judge Judy's jurisdiction seemed to teach far beyond specific geographic boundaries.
276
jurist (n) /JOOR-ust/
an expert in the science or philosophy of law, especially a judge or legal scholar All Supreme Court justices are jurists and legal scholars beyond questions.
277
keepsake (n) /KEEP-sake/
a small item or gift kept to evoke memories of something, an event, or someone Before she left for college, Samantha gave her mom the tassel from her high school graduation cap as a keepsake.
278
kickback (n) /KIHK-bahk/
a reaction that is quick and violent The contractor was accused of taking kickbacks from suppliers who charged excessive prices.
279
kowtow (v) /kow-TOW/
to kneel with forehead touching the ground to worship or show respect Prior to the French Revolution, all citizens would kowtow to anyone who was royal, for fear of punishment or death.
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laconic (a) /luh-KON-ik/
using very few words A laconic politician is hard to find, so if you can identify a candidate who is concise and honest, vote for him or her.
281
laity (n) /LAY-uh-tee/
followers of a religion who are not clergy The laity of the Catholic Church is growing more and more independent and less likely to follow the dictates of the Pope.
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lambaste (n) /LAM-baste/
to criticize someone or something severely Teenagers are lambasted for staying out past curfew so commonly that it might be called a rite of passage.
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languid (a) /LANG-gwid/
lacking vigor and energy Those who are frequently languid may be suffering from some malady or disability.
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languish (v) /LANG-gwish/
to undergo hardship as a result of begin deprived of something Famous musicians often languished for years in obscurity before being discovered and catapulted overnight to stardom.
285
largess (n) /lar-ZHESS/
generous gift, often in the form of money or favors The largess of wealthy individuals is often surprising, for some believe them to be less than generous.
286
leviathan (n) /lih-VIE-uh-thun/
large beast or sea monster Cruise ships are getting bigger and bigger, appearing as leviathans as they move across the ocean's horizon.
287
levity (n) /LEH-vuh-tee/
remarks or behavior intended to be amusing, usually out of keeping with a serious situation Sometimes levity is a way of relieving the anxiety of a crisis situation.
288
liaison (n) /LEE-uh-ZON/
an exchange of information among separate groups or individuals Nurse Sheffield was appointed to be the pediatric department's liaison with the transplant unit.
289
licentious (a) /lie-SEN-shus/
lacking restrain when it comes to pursing desires aggressively and selfishly Wealth and power are not acceptable excuses for licentious behavior.
290
litany (n) /LIH-tuh-nee/
a responsive prayer marked by much repetition Whenever his father got angry, Brad had to listen to the entire litany of his faults.
291
litigious (a) /lih-TIH-jus/
over inclined to quarrel and argue It's difficult to say how much attorneys have promoted the litigious trends apparent today, or how whether they are responsibility of society in general.
292
livid (a) /LIH-vid/
discolored, as in a bruise; very angry Justin's father was livid when he found out his son was buying alcohol with a counterfeit driver's license.
293
locution (n) /loe-KYOO-shun/
a phrase or expression typically used by a group of people; style of speaking Because Jacqueline was unfamiliar with this group's particular locutions, much of what they said was odd to her.
294
ludicrous (a) /LOO-dih-kruss/
utterly ridiculous, absurd, incongruous, or unsuitable It's ludicrous to expect that teenagers will behave all of the time, in all circumstances
295
lugubrious (a) /loo-GOO-bree-us/
extremely sad or gloomy It was too bad that the football team lost in the season final, but it doesn't really justify going around with a lugubrious expression for weeks afterwards.
296
luminary (n) /LOO-muh-nair-ee/
an eminent of famous person Crowds at the Academy Awards hope to see a luminary arriving for the ceremonies.
297
lurid (a) /LOOR-id/
gruesome or sensationalistic; causing horror, lust, shock, or disgust The lurid details of the prison abuses were discussed widely, but few pictures were shown on television.
298
lustrous (a) /LUS-truss/
radiant; shining; having a sheen or glow Gloria's lustrous performance earned her critical acclaim and the recognition of her thespian peers.
299
macabre (a) /muh-KAHB/
disturbing and horrifying; involving death and injury Macabre movies are very popular with almost all teen viewers, male and female.
300
machismo (n) /mah-CHEEZ-mow/
exaggerated sense or display of masculinity Driving a motorcycle is for some a demonstration of machismo.
301
magnanimous (a) /mag-NAH-nuh-mus/
very generous, kind, or forgiving In a magnanimous gesture, the wealthy alumnus, who had once been suspended for bad grades, donated $10,000,000 to his alma mater.
302
mainframe (n) /MANE-FRAYM/
powerful computer As personal computers became faster and cheaper, the university had less need for its mainframes.
303
malady (n) /MA-luh-dee/
a disease or illness of the body or the mind New doctors sometimes fear that an undiagnosed malady will cause a patient's death.
304
malaise (n) /MUH-layze/
general feeling of illness or sickness Doctors could not diagnose any particular disorder, yet Page still suffered from a malaise she could not overcome
305
malapropism (n) /MA-la-prah-pi-zuhm/
misuse of a word through confusion with another word that sounds similar Those who confuse and misuse words make many a malapropism.
306
malevolent (a) /muh-LEH-vuh-lent/
demonstrating or having a desire to harm others The two boxers stood toe to toe, each with malevolent glare focused on the other.
307
manic (a) /MA-nik/
extremely or excessively happy, busy, active of high excitement or nervous energy Chaperones are suspicious of manic behavior in teens at dances, for sometimes it means they have been drinking.
308
manifesto (n) /ma-nuh-FES-toh/
a public, written declaration of principles, policies, and objectives The Communist Manifesto, by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, inspired a political and economic movement that lasted decades yet ultimately proved finite.
309
martyr (n) /MAR-tuhr/
someone who chooses to die rather than deny religious, political or other belief Seeking to become martyrs, kamikaze pilots of World War II flew their explosive-laden planes into enemy targets.
310
mendacity (n) /men-DA-suh-tee/
deliberate untruthfulness; a lie or falsehood Even after he was caught red-handed, Brian still thought his menadacities would be believed.
311
mercurial (a) /mer-KYOOR-ee-uhl/
lively, witty, fast-talking, hard to catch, and likely to do the unexpected His mercurial ways made Matthew hard to understand and even harder to get to know.
312
microcosm (n) /MY-kruh-kah-zum/
a model that represents a large system; literally, a miniature world The characters and settings of the novel The Great Gatsby show us the social issues and concerns of the 1920s in microcosm.
313
milieu (n) /meel-YUH/
surroundings The principal thought a positive and friendly milieu would benefit the new students, so she approved some renovations to the cafeteria.
314
mire (v) /MYRE/
to get stuck in mud, either yourself or something else Many college students become mired in credit card debt soon after commencement.
315
misconstrue (v) /miss-kuh-STROO/
to understand or interpret incorrectly Many of the candidate's statements were misconstrued, and she lost the election by a landslide.
316
mishmash (n) /MISH-mash/
a collection of random things When young children dress themselves, parents are not surprised to find they choose a mishmash of colors and styles.
317
misogyny (n) /muh-SAH-juh-nee/
hatred of women Trying to drown his sorrows after breaking up with his girlfriend, Jim;s inebriated ranting sounded much like misogyny.
318
modicum (n) /MAH-dih-kum/
a small amount, especially of something abstract such as a quality or characteristic The police had hoped to hear at least a modicum of truth as they questioned the suspect about the robbery.
319
moiety (n) /MOY-ih-tee/
either of the two parts, not necessarily equal, into which something is divided The hungry fisherman divided their small catch, and each ate his moiety with great appreciation.
320
mollify (v) /MAH-luh-fie/
to clam or soothe someone who is upset The father's attempts to mollify his two arguing daughters were unsuccessful, so the screaming and crying went for hours.
321
monograph (n) /MAH-nuh-graff/
a scholarly academic-focused article, paper, or essay on a single topic Professor Smith's monograph on religious philosophy was his first serious academic publication since his doctoral thesis.
322
moribund (a) /MORE-uh-bund/
nearly dead It was sad to visit Grandpa after his stroke, for this once energetic man lay moribund in bed, hardly speaking or moving.
323
motley (a) /MOT-lee/
composed of people or things that are very different and do not seem to belong together As a caring Little League coach, Paul was highly motivated to turn his motley group of kids into a confident team.
324
mundane (a) /mun-DANE/
commonplace, boring After visiting Stephanie at college, her parents were surprised at how mundane the life of this high school partier had become.
325
narcissism (n) /NAHR-suh-SIZ-zum/
Excessive self-admiration and self-centerdness Narcissism goes well beyond confidence and positive thought; it's quite obvious and disturbing.
326
narcolepsy (n) /NAHR-kuh-lehp-see/
A disorder characterized by frequent, brief, and uncontrollable bouts of deep sleep. While stories about people with narcolepsy can be quite funny, the disorder is truly nothing to laugh at.
327
nascent (a) /NA-sunt/
Emerging. Refers tp the early stages of coming into existence. After the revolution, the nascent republic had few if any established democratic traditions, so much work needed to be done.
328
natty (a) /NA-tee/
Neat and fashionable appearance or dress. A natty dresser would never wear clothes that nook ratty. Jayson's attire was always a welcome sight, especially in comparison to those of his friends who didn't seem to care about their appearance.
329
naysayer (n) /NAY-say-er/
Someone who votes no or who speaks against something. She was always so negative that it became easy to call her a naysayer.
330
nebulous (a) /NEH-byoo-luss/
Unclear, vague, cloudy, hazy. Relating to or resembling a nebula (a cloud of dust or gas in interstellar space). Some students thought the professor's lectures were too nebulous, so they depended upon the textbook to study for exams.
331
necromancy (n) /NEH-kruh-man-see/
The practice of attempting to communicate with the spirit of the dead in order to predict or influence the future. Witchcraft or sorcery in general. Necromancy seems impossible, yet man ho want so much to communicate with dead loved ones, and who hope to foretell the future, still believe.
332
nefarious (a) /nih-FAR-ee-us/
Utterly immoral, wicked, unjust, or evil. The documents were classified as Top Secret for feat that the information they contained could be used for nefarious acts.
333
nemesis (n) /NEH-muh-sus/
A bitter enemy, especially one who seems unbeatable. An opponent motivated by revenge; one who will stop at nothing else to settle a score or inflict punishment. Although he fought many other criminals, Batman's nemesis was truly the Joker.
334
neophyte (n) /NEE-uh-fite/
A beginner or novice at task or endeavor. Someone who has recently converted or who has recently joined a religious order but has not yet taken vows to join an order. Freshman are truly neophytes to college, but they manage to adjust and learn very quickly.
335
nepotism (n) /NEH-puh-tih-zum/
Favoritism shown by one in power to relatives and friends in professional matters, especially when appointing them to good positions. When senior managers all share the last name of a company's founder, it's unusual if no one is accused nepotism.
336
netiquette (n) /NET-uh-kit/
A set of rules communicating properly in the electronic communication environment known as the World Wide Web, most often when there should be a class in netiquettem but it would most likely be an online course.
337
nexus (n) /NEK-sus/
A connection or link; also a group or series of connected people or things. The ceter or focus. For man, a shared love of sports is the nexus of their friendship and inspiration for many conversation,
338
nihilism (n) /NIE-uh-lih-zym/
The belief that life is pointless and human values worthless. A bielief that there is no objective basis for truth, or a belief that all authority is corrupt ad must be destroyed to build a just society. Some believe that Henry David Thoreau, who wrote Walden, recounting his life celebrating nature and his ability to live independent of society, was an advocate of nihilism.
339
nitty-gritty (n) /NIH-tee-GRIH-tee/
The basic and most important details of something. The thing or approach that is most practical, direct, and down to earth. The coach believed wins were a result of paying attention to the nitty-gritty, so he always began practice with rudimentary drills.
340
noblesse oblige (n) /noh-BLESS oh-BLEEZH/
The idea that people born to nobility or upper classes must behave generously toward those less privileged. From the French for "nobility obliges."
341
nomad (n) /NOH-mad/
Member of a group that moves from place to place, in search of pasture, food, or water. Someone who wanders from one place to another.
342
nostalgia (n) /NAH-stahl-juh/
Mixed feeling of happiness, sadness, and longing when recalling persons, places, or events of the past. Buying and selling items that inspire nostalgia has become a very lucrative business.
343
notarize (v) /NOH-tuh-rize/
To certify something, like a signature on a legal document, and verify to its authenticity. Paralegals who are also notaries might notarize hundreds of documents each weeks.
344
noxious (a) /NOK-shuss/
Harmful to life or health; poisonous. Likely to cause moral or spiritual harm; corrupting or debilitating influence. The noxious gas was odorless and almost invisible, so it was stored very carefully.
345
nuance (n) /NOO-ahnts/
A very slight difference in meaning, tone, color, or feeling. Awareness or ability to express subtle shades, meaning, and feelings, as in an artist or performer. Jim's ability to see the nuances in certain photographs made him an exceptional magazine editor.
346
nullify (v) /NUH-luh0fie/
To make something legally invalid or ineffective; to cancel something out. Once the deadline passed, without payment being made, Jane could nullify the contract with a simple phone call.
347
numismatist (n) /noo-miz-muh-tist/
Someone who studies or collects coins, paper money, or medals I guess it takes money to become a numismatist.
348
nuptial (a) /NUP-shul/
Related to marriage or wedding Renting a tuxedo always seemed nuptial to Stephen, even if he was just doing so for a formal dance.
349
obfuscate (v) /OB-fuss-kate/
To make something unclear or obscure, especially unnecessarily complicated; to muddy or confuse an issue. When caught doing wrong, some teens obfuscate their explanation of events, hoping parents won't quite understand.
350
oblique (a) /oh-BLEEK/
Not straightforward or direct; indirect and unclear. Professor Blake's description on of the relationship between the two novels was so oblique that few students comprehended.
351
oblivion (n) /uh-BLIH-vee-un/
The state of being utterly forgotten. Complete forgetfulness; utter lack of awareness of one's surroundings. For a time it was as if roller-skating had been relegated to oblivion, and then in-line skates became popular.
352
obsequious (a) /ub-SEE-kwee-uss/
Excessive eager to please or to obey all instruction. Compliant and servile to superior, in order to curry favor. For some, it is difficult to distinguish obsequious behavior from sincere and excellent customer service.
353
obsolescent (a) /ob-suh-LESS-unt/
Having fallen into a state of disuse as a result of replacement by something new; in short, becoming obsolete. Many think the piano was made obsolescent by the electronic keyboard, but not everyone agrees.
354
obstinate (a) /OB-stih-nut/
Determined to to agree with other people's wishes or accept their suspicions. Unwilling to change or give up an idea or attitude despite obstacles. Arthur was obstinate in his claim that he did not cheat on the exam, so he agreed to a formal review of the case.
355
obtrusive (a) /ob-TROO-suhv/
Tending to force one's presence or opinions on others. Highly noticeable, otfen with a bad or unwelcome effect. Jame's Uncle Herbert was quite obtrusive, and, frankly, unwelcome at almost all family events.
356
obtuse (a) /ob-TOOS/
Slow in understanding or perceiving something; with poor powers of intellect or perceptions. Bob was called obtuse for not quite understanding the basics of algebra, but many others find this form of mathematics challenging as well.
357
obviate (v) /OB-vee-ate/
To make something unnecessary, avoiding potential difficulty by acting in anticipation prior to a problem's arising. It was hoped that constant review of emergency procedures would obviate any need for evacuation at the nuclear plant.
358
OCD (c) /OH-see-dee/
Acronym for "obsessive-compulsive disorder": a physical condition characterized by uncontrolled repeated behaviors, such as hand-washing. Her friends thought she was exhibiting the telltale signs of OCD, but Elanie just thought it appropriate to check her makeup regularly.
359
odious (a) /OH-dee-us/
Inspiring hatred, contempt, or disgust; abhorrent. Racial prejudice was once accepted in certain parts of the country, but it is now odious to nearly all Americans.
360
odoriferous (a) /oh-duh-RIH-fuh-russ/
Having or diffusing a strong odor. Can also refer to action that are immoral or offensive. While few agreed on whether it was in a good or bad way, everyone thought the candle shop quite odoriferous.
361
officiate (v) /uh-FIH-shee-ate/
To preside in an official capacity, especially at a particular ceremony. It was agreed that Judge Jerome would officiate at the wedding.
362
oligarchy (n) /AH-luh-gar-kee/
A small group that governs a nation, or controls an organization. Historically, those who were displeased with an aristocracy have called it oligarchy, and fought for democracy.
363
omnipotent (a) /ahhm-NIH-puh-tent/
Possessing complete, universal unlimited power and authority. All-powerful; often used in reference to a deity. The framers of the United States Constituions sought to avoid making any brach of government omnipotent, so they created a system of checks and balanced between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
364
onerous (a) /AH-nuh-rus/
Burdensome; a lot of trouble. Descirbes a situation or agreement in which the cons could easily outweight the pros. Although she loved her dog, Elizabeth though that cleaning up the back yard after him was an onerous task.
365
onomatopoeia (n) /on-uh-mot-uh-PEE/
The naming of a thing by creating vocal imitation of its sound. Comic books, which are filled with onomatopoeia, are thought to be the origin of many words of this kind.
366
onslaught (n) /ON-slot/
A powerful attack that overwhelms someone or something. The onslaught of online concert-ticket requests temporarily crashed the computerized ticket sale system.
367
onus (n) /OH-nus/
Duty or responsibility, or blame for something The onus of completing this long-delayed project now falls to you.
368
opaque (a) /oh-PAKE/
Impenetrable to light, so images cannot be seen through it. Dull and without luster. Obscure and unintelligible in meaning. People who live in glass houses should not throw stones, and they should also dress behind opaque curtains.
369
opulent (a) /AHP-yoo-lent/
Showing lavish display of wealth or affluence; extravagant. Abundant in supply. The opulent lifestyles of musical performers and professional athletes are revealed in many television shows.
370
ornate (a) /ore-NATE/
Overwrought with elaborate or excessive decoration. Many parents who watch MTV Cribs think that homes of rock start are overly ornate.
371
ornithology (n) /ore-nuh-THAH-luh-jee/
The branch of zoology that deals with the scienfic study of birds. Few realize that Charles Darwin was well respected for his work in ornithology, in particular his detailed study of finches.
372
ossify (v) /AH-suh-fye/
To change soft tissue, such as cartilage, into bone. To become rigit and set into a conventional pattern of beliefs, opinions, behaviors, or attitudes; As the years passed, Mrs. Wilson's dislike freshmen seemed to ossify, until she was thought to be a burned-out teacher.
373
ostensible (a) /uh-STEN-suh-bul/
Presented as being true or appearing to be true, but usually hiding a different motive or meaning. The audience and critics though the ostensible purpose of the performers was to entertain, while the accountants thought it was to make money.
374
ostentatious (a) /oss-ten-TAY-shouss/
Marked by a vulgar display of wealth, talent, possesions, or success designed to impress people; showy. You shoudn't take the Rolls to the partl it will be seen as ostentatious.
375
ostracise (v) /OSS-truh-size/
To exclude or banish someone from a group, formally or informally It's hard when teens ostracize someone who was once a friend, yet shallow when they are welcomed back after a few days.
376
pageantry (n) /PA-jun-tree/
Highly colorful, stately, or splendid display or ceremony, often with a historical or traditional theme. The pageantry of graduation ceremonies is one of the reasons that they are so emotional for parents.
377
painstaking (a) /PAYN-stay-king/
Involving or showing great care and attention to detail. The superstition hockey player's preparation of his skates and stick before every game was painstaking.
378
palatable (a) /puh-LA-tuhbull/
Having a good enough taste to be eaten or drunk. Acceptable to someone's sensibilties. Very few of the actions of combatants in war would be considered palatable in peacetime.
379
palliative (a) /PAL-ya-tev/
Calming. Capable of soothing anxieties or other intense emotions. Alleviating pain and symptoms without elimating the cause. The little girl found her mother's singing of "Twinkle, Twinke Little Star" palliative even during the times when she was most upset
380
palpate (v) /PAL-pate/
To examine the body with the hands and fingers, especially in the medical context. Medical students must learn to trust their fingers when they palpate patients, and not just depend on sophisticated lab tests for diagnosis.
381
palpitate (v) /PAL-puh-tate/
To have the heart beat in an irregular or unusual way, because of a medical condition, exertion, fear, or anxiety.
382
paltry (a) /PAWL-tree/
Insignificant or unimportant. Low and contemptible. Ofeten applied to ridiculously small amounts of money or lowly people. Some high school students think minimum wage is a paltry sum to be paid for an hour's work.
383
panacea (n) /PA-nuh-see-uh/
Supposed cure for all problems or diseases. Teens too often think that wealth is the panacea for all of their problems, but it is not.
384
pandemic (a) /pan-DEM-ik/
Widespread. Something general, common, or all-encompassing, specifically an epidemic that affects people in many different regions or countries. Teens too often think that wealth is the panacea for all of their problems, but it is not.
385
pandemonium (n) /pan-duh-MOA-nee-um/
Wild uproar, chaos, or tumult. A place or situation that is noisy, boisterous, and chaotic. The celebration after the Giants won the Super Bowl could only be described as pandemonium.
386
pander (v) /PAN-der/
To indulge someone's weaknesses or questionable wishes or tastes. To appeal to the worst in someone. To serve as a pimp. The director refused to pander to the wishes of some of his greedy advisers, and he left the film PG so that children could see it.
387
panoply (n) /PA-nuh-plee/
An impressive display or array, such as a variety of riches. The panoply of materials at the Kennedy Library in Boston is quite impressive and one that both scholars and laypersons cherish.
388
papal (a) /PAY-pull/
Related to or pertaining to the pope or the papacy. The papal visit to New your City was a dream come true for millions of Catholics throughout the northeasten United States
389
paradigm (n) /PARE-uh-dime/
A clear example that illustrates how something should work; an ideal instance, or a pattern worthy of study. Kennedy's handling of the Cuban Missle Crisis is a paradigm for presidents who have to address challenges with courage, intelligence, and convition.
390
paragon (n) /PARE-uh-gone/
The very best example of something; a peerless model or pattern of perfection. Also, a perfect diamond or large pearl that is perfectly round. Michael Jordan seemed a paragon among athletes, combining skill in basketball and competitive fire.
391
paralegal (n) /pair-uh-LEE-gul/
Someone who assists and supports attorneys with their research and preparatory efforts. The role of paralegal is not given as much credit as it deserves, for attorneys are more prestigious.
392
parameter (n) /puh-RA-muh-tur/
Limit or boundary. Some physical property, such size or color, that determines a thing's behavior. In the military, there are very clear parameters for acceptable behavior and etiquette.
393
parenthetical (n) /pair-uhn-THEH-tuh-cul/
An explanation added to text as commentary, usually set off by punctuation such as parentheses. Sometimes parenthetical additions to writing are significant, and others are just afterthoughts.
394
pariah (n) /puh-RIE-uh/
Someone who is despised and avoided by others; a social outcast. In India, historically, a member of the lower caste. It is sad that at one time people diagnosed with HIV were treated as pariahs.
395
parlance (n) /PAR-lunce/
A particular style of speech or writing, especially that used by persons in a specific context or profession. The special parlance of doctors is one that laypersons find difficult to understand.
396
parsimony (n) /PAR-suh-moh-nee/
Great frugality, stinginess, or unwillingness to spend money. Mr. Bench was, to all who knew him, the personification of parsimony, stingy and frugal to the extreme.
397
partiality (n) /par-shee-A-luh-tee/
A liking for something or someone. An unfair preference for one person or thing over another. High school students often accuse certain teachers of partiality, when, in truth these educators try to be impartial.
398
passe (n) /pah-SAY/
Out of date or no longer fashionable. No longer in prime condition. It was once thought that bell-bottoms were passe, but fashion trends do return when least expected.
399
pastoral (a) /PAS-tur-ul/
Relating to rural or country living; having to do with keeping sheep or cattle. The pastoral settings portrayed in the painting made them very popular among urban art buyers.
400
patrilineage (n) /pa-truh-LIH-jih-kul/
Uncontrolled or unreasonable. Related to disease or arising from disease. It seemed as if her lying was pathological, and it was impossible for her to tell the truth.
401
patrimony (n) /PAT-rih-mo-nee/
An inheritance from a father or male ancestor. Much to the surprise of the children, who had never met their father, their patrimony came to more than a million dollars.
402
patronize (v) /PA-truh-nize/
To act as someone's patron. Also, to be haughty to people perceived as less important or intelligent. Those who patronize others often don't have confidence in their own intellectual abilities, so they put others down.
403
paucity (n) /PAW-si-tee/
An inadequacy, shortage, or lack of something. Small number of something. We were forced to head back down the mountain due to a pucity of supplies.
404
pecuniary (n) /pih-KYOO-nee-air-ee/
Relating to or pertaining to money. Involving a financial penalty, such as a fine or fee. Pecuniary matters are rarely discussed by well-mannered families in public.
405
pedagogy (n) /PEH-duh-GO-jee/
The science or profession of teaching. If students studied pedagogy, they would respect their teachers more and, frankly, be more likely to perceive teaching as a career option.
406
pedantic (a) /pih-DAN-tik/
Lacking in imagination. Intellectually showy or overblown; making an ostatious display of knowledge. Professor Anthony's pedantic manner was thought entertaining by some students and condesending by others.
407
peerless (a) /PEER-luss/
Incomparable, marcheless, without equal. For old-timers, Babe Ruth was Sultan of Swat, but for younger fans Barry Bonds is peerless in his ability to hit home runs
408
peevish (a) /PEA-vish/
Bad-tempered, irritable, or tending to complain; irritated by a peeve, or annoyance. Some parents think that all teenagers are peevish before 9AM on weekdays and twelve noon on weekends.
409
pejorative (a) /pih-JORE-uh-tive/
Critical or disapproving disparaging. A word or phrase that defames. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between a sarcastic and a pejorative remark, but both can hurt one's feelings.
410
penitence (n) /PEH-nuh-tents/
Regret or sorrow for having committed sins, misdeeds, or wrongdoing. The time he spent working with youth groups reflected his penitence for the indiscretions of his youth.
411
penultimate (a) /pih-NUL-tuh-mut/
Second to last. Not to be confused with ultimate, meaning very last. The penultimate player chosen in the National Football League draft is truly most anonymous, for ironically the last one picked becomes "Mr. Irrelevant," and the subject of much attention.
412
perceptive (a) /PURR-sep-tuhv/
Quick to understand or discern things; showing an understanding of a person or situation. As the older sister of three siblings, Stephanie was very perceptive of the needs of younger children, and she made a great babysitter.
413
perennial (a) /puh-REN-ee-ul/
Constant, enduring from season to season. Describe certain plants that grow and bloom from one year to the other. The state's perennial budget delays were expected, but not acceptable to those who depended on funds to provide services.
414
perfunctory (a) /purr-FUNK-tuh-ree/
Done as a matter of fact, routinely, without thought, attention, or genuine feeling. Responding to what he thought undeserving nagging by his mom, Hunger completed his homework in a perfunctory manner.
415
peripatetic (a) /pair-ih-puh-TET-ik/
Travelling from place to place, especially working in different locales and travelling between; wandering from one place to another. The peripatetic lifestyles of professional athletes can gave a negative effect on their family and loved ones.
416
permafrost (n) /PURR-muh-frost/
Underlying soil or rock that is permanently frozen, found mainly in polar regions. Digging a foundation during winter months in New Hampshire was like trying to hack through permafrost.
417
pernicious (a) /purr-NIH-shus/
Causing great harm, destruction, injury, or death. Wicked, meaning to cause harm. Fatal or likely to cause death. Though the initial symptoms were relatively mild, it truly was a pernicious and unstoppable disease.
418
persecute (v) /PURR-suh-kyoot/
To systematically subject a particular person, race, or group to cruel or unfair treatment. To make someone the victim of continual pestering or harassment. Prosecutors may want to, but they are never allowed to persecute criminals.
419
perspicacious (a) /per-spih-KAY-shuss/
Penetratingly discerning, perceptive, or astute; able to understand easily or discern. While quite perspicacious, Lauren still made too many grammatical errors for her essay to earn an A.
420
pert (a) /PURT/
Bold and lively in a pleasant and amusing way. Jaunty and stylish in design. Small, well-shaped, and pretty.
421
perturb (v) /purr-TURB/
To disturb, trouble, or worry someone. The baby's constant crying perturbed the neighbours, but the parents hoped they would understand.
422
pervade (v) /purr-VAYD/
To spread throughout or be present throughout; infiltrate, penetrate, or circulate widely. When the crowd saw the paramedics quickly come to the aid of the injured player, anxiety and fear pervaded the arena.
423
pestiferous (a) /pes-TIF-uh-rus/
Troublesome or annoying; breeding or spreading evil, corruption, or infectious disease. Mosquitoes are the most pestiferous of insects, in all definitions of the word.
424
petroglyph (n) /PEH-troh-glif/
A prehistoric drawing done on rock. The archaeologists were ecstatic to find a petroglyph with animal figures.
425
petulant (a) /PEH-choo-lunt/
Ill-tempered, sulky, impatiently peevish. Children are often described as petulant, but it is more likely that adults exhibit these trait and behaviors.
426
phenom (n) /FEE-nohm/
An outstanding or unusual person or thing; someone or something phenomenal, remarkable, or impressively good or great. Tiger Woods was recognized as a gold phenom when he was very young.
427
physiognomy (n) /fih-zz-OG-nuh-me/
The features of someone's face, especially when used as indicators of character or temperament. The physiognomy of television anchorwomen seem strangely similar, as if it were a job prerequisite for them to all look alike.
428
picayune (a) /pih-KEYE-yoon/
Of very little importance. Trivial, not worth much. The bride felt her soon to be mother-in-law's requests for the wedding were picayune and not worthy of consideration.
429
piercing (a) /PEER-sing/
A sharp, unpleasantly intense quality, often describing sounds that make you want to cover your ears. The scream Susie's mother made when she saw he navel piercing was indeed piercing.
430
piety (n) /PIE-uh-tee/
Strong respectful belief in a deity or deities and strict observance of religious principles. Devotion. The piety of the Monroe family was respected by all in the community, and appreciated when crises of faith arose.
431
pilfer (v) /PIL-fur/
To steal small items of little value, especially on a habitual basis. Even those teens who pilfer candy from the corner store should be proseducted to learn the right from wrong.
432
pinnacle (n) /PIN-uh-kul/
The highest or topmost point, as in a mountain or roller coaster. Robert reached the pinnacle of his athletic career when he was named All-American after his senior season.
433
pique (v) /PEEK/
To cause a bad mood, anger, or resentment. To inspire intense interest, curiosity, or excitement. Marcia was piqued at not having been invited to the party.
434
pithy (a) /PIH-thee/
Brief yet forceful and to the point, often with a touch of wit. The pithy speech of the captain served to inspire the entire team to victory.
435
pittance (n) /PIT-tense/
Very small amount of something, especially money, allowance, or salary. The workers were considering a strike for they believed they were being paid a pittance, much less than they deserved.
436
placate (v) /PLAY-kate/
To make someone less angry, upset, or hostile, usually by saying or doing something to please. It seemed to be our mom's job to placate the rest of the family whenever we were upset.
437
plaintiff (n) /PLANE-tuff/
Someone who brings suit in a civil court. The plaintiff in the case seemed as motivated by the potential financial award as she was by the determination of right or wrong.
438
platitude (n) /PLA-tih-tood/
A trite, commonplace, or useless statement made as though it was significant. Often the introductions read by award presenter are filled with platitudes, and they are not sincere or well delivered.
439
platonic (a) /pluh-TON-ik/
Friendly, as opposed to romantic or sexual. Usually described relationships between people who might be expected to be attracted to each other. While teenage girls often seem okay with platonic relationships, for some reason they are less acceptable to teenage boys.
440
plaudit (n) /PLAW-dit/
An expression of praise, gratitude, or approval. Something laudable, like graduating cum laude, is definitely worthy of applause and a plaudit.
441
plethora (n) /PLE-thuh-ruh/
A very large amount or number, vase quantity, oversupply, especially an excessive amount. The plethora of students enrolled in driver's education classes revealed how important these co-curricular offerings were.
442
plutocracy (n) /ploo-TAH-kruh-see/
Rule of society by the richest people; also, a society rules by wealthiest members. Some argue that almost all societies are in some way a plutocracy, for the richest people do have a great deal of power.
443
poignant (a) /POYN-yunt/
Causing a sharp sense of sadness, pity, or regret. The film's final scene is meant to be poignant, but I found it cloying and overy sentimental.
444
polemic (n) /puh-LEH-mik/
A passionate, strongly worded, and often controversial argument for or against something or someone. Attorneys are said to be professionals in the art of the polemic, and sometimes we think passionate politicians are as well.
445
polity (n) /PAH-lih-tee/
A particular form of government; a system of government. The polity created by those who crafted the U.S. Constitution proved a model that many other countries adapted.
446
pontificate (v) /pon-TIH-fuh-kate/
To speak about something in a knowing and self-important way, often without qualification. While she was well respected as an English teacher, students turned out when Ms. Horner pontificated on the virtues of art and dance.
447
portend (v) /pour-TEND/
To indicate that something, especially something unpleasant, is imminent, going to happen; to suggest or foretell. The anxiety in Hugh's voice portended for his parents what to expect of his behavior that day.
448
posit (v) /PAU-zit/
To present or stipulate something for consideration; an assumptions, suggestion, or fact. The detective poised circumstances that would explain the forensics of the crime scene.
449
potable (a) /POH-tuh-bull/
Suitable for drinking, not containing harmful elements. While potable water is portable, they are not the same words. The presence of potable water was the one factor that would determine whether the castaways would survive.
450
pragmatic (a) /prag-MA-tik/
Concerned with practical results, rather than theories and thoughts; practical, useful, or apt. When confronted by the consequences of the flood, politicians who were usually prone to empty oratory became quite pragmatic.
451
precarious (a) /pruh-KARE-ee-us/
Insecure; unstable. Uncertain and subject to misfortune or collapse. The inexperienced campers pitched their tent in a precarious position, too close to the beach.
452
precedent (n) /PREH-sih-dent/
An example for the past that is either identical to a current situation or similar enough to it to use as a guide. The principal was concerned with setting a precedent, rather than with being fair to the students who wanted to abolish the dress code.
453
precipitous (a) /preh-SIH-pih-tus/
Done too quickly, without enough thought. One the verge of a dangerous course of action. Being an entrepreneur is a lofty goal, yet it can be precipitous position, requiring many risky decisions and much stress.
454
precocious (a) /prih-KOH-shuss/
More developed than usual or expected at a particular age. Advanced, especially with regard to mental ability, as in a child's display of adult social or mental ability. Rene was a precocious nine-year-old who had already performed at Carnegie Haqll.
455
preconceive (v) /pree-con-SEEVE/
To form an opinion or idea before information or experience is available to make an educated or fair judgement. Teachers sometimes have preconceived notions that boys are better at mathematics than girls.
456
prelate (n) /PREH-lut/
A high-ranking member of the clergy, including a bishop, abbot, or cardinal. The pope is the highest prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.
457
preposition (n) /pre-POH-sih-shun/
The part of speech that shows the relation of nouns to each other and to the other parts of a clause. A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronouns.
458
prescience (n) /PREH-shehns/
Knowledge of actions or events before they take place; foreknowledge. Parents hope to have enough prescience to protect their children from future harm.
459
pretence (n) /PREE-tence/
Behaving in a way that is not genuine, but meant to deceive others. A claim, especially one that has few facts to support it. Many of Shakespeare's plays are crafted around ironic pretense, when men played the parts of women who were pretending to be men.
460
pristine (a) /prih-STEEN/
So clean as to look new, unspoiled, not altered by humans encroachment. For many teenage boys pristine look and smell of a new car in intoxicating.
461
proclivity (n) /pro-LKIH-vih-tee/
An inherent tendency to behave in a particular way; especially, an attraction to objectionable or immoral activity or behavior. Wendy's proclivity to nervous laughter was strange during employment interviews.
462
procrastination (n) /pro-kras-tuh-NAY-shun/
The act of postponing or avoiding doing something, especially as a regular practice. Nick's procrastination lead to last-minute and futile attempts to complete assignments.
463
prodigy (n) /PRAW-dih-gee/
Someone who shows an exceptional natural talent for something at early age. Anyone who can play in a symphony as a violin soloist at the age of nine is definitely a remarkable musical prodigy.
464
profligate (a) /PRAH-flih-gut/
Extremely extravagant, wasteful, or shamelessly immoral. Extravagantly or recklessly wasteful. Many rock starts take on profligate lifestyles after making it big, but some settle down in time.
465
prognosticate (v) /prog-NAH-stih-kate/
To predict or foretell the future. To be an indication of likely future events. Those television experts who try to prognosticate elections are often wrong.
466
promulgate (v) /PRAH-mul-gate/
To proclaim or declare something officially, especially to publicize formally that a law or decree is in effect.
467
propinquity (n) /pruh-PIN-kwih-tee/
Nearness in space, time, or relationship. The propinquity of the two families, who were neighbours for over twenty years, lead to some close friendships as well as a few disagreements.
468
proselytize (v) /PRAH-suh-luh-tize/
To try to convert someone to a religious faith or political doctrine. To attempt to convert to one's religious faith. Many are suspicious that born-again Christians all seek to proselytize others.
469
protagonist (n) /proh-TA-gun-nist/
The most important character in a novel, story, play or literary work. The main participant in a contest or dispute. Holden Caulfield, the protagonist of the famous coming-of-age novel, is a character that many teen can relate to.
470
prudent (a) /PROO-dunt/
Characteristic of good sense, care in managing practical matters, and a tendency to evaluate situations carefully so as to avoid risk. Purchasing automobile insurance is always a prudent act, and one required by the laws of most states.
471
prurient (a) /PROO-ree-yent/
Having or intending to around an unwholesome interest in sexual matters. The U.S. Supreme Court has reviewd cases to clarify obscenity issues and clarify whether a book is prurient.
472
psychosomatic (a) /sy-ko-suh-MAH-tik/
Caused by mental factor, as in illness. Described disorders with emotional or mental rather than evident physical causes. When doctors could not identify any physical causes for her illness, they began to look for psychosomatic origins.
473
puerile (a) /PYOO-rul/
Silly in a childish way; juveline. Immature; related to or characteristic of childhood. While Jack and Elanie were clearly in love, many thought his puerile actions around her inappropriate for a thirty-year-old
474
pugnacious (a) /pug-NAY-shuss/
Inclined to fight or be aggressive. Prone to quarrels or fights; given to conflict or dispute. On occasion, the coaches thought Kathy's pugnacious attitude was detrimental to her play on the soccer field.
475
purported (a) /purr-POR-tid/
Supposed or claimed to be true, but without evidence or proof. Represented as the real thing. The purported sister of Queen Elizabeth was the star of the cruise, though no one could prove her relationship.
476
purveyance (n) /purr-VAY-yunts/
The act of supplying something, especially food. The task of providing, collecting, or requisitioning supplies for a king, queen, or army. The purveyance of material for the wedding cost more than had been allotted in the budget.
477
quagmire (n) /KWAG-mire/
An awkward, complicated, or dangerous situation from which it is difficult to escape. Entanglement that offers no ready solution. While building a new home at first seemed a wonderful idea, the project quickly became a financial and logistical quagmire.
478
quaint (a) /KWAYNT/
Charming in an old-fashioned way. Strange or unusual in a pleasing or interesting manner. The students always thought it quaint that the alumni returned for the homecoming game.
479
qualm (n) /KWALM/
An uneasy feeling about an action or even; misgiving, pang of conscience, or concern regarding right or wrong. Katy had no qualms about returning to graduate school to earn her Ph.D.
480
quandary (n) /KWON-dree/
A state of uncertainty or indecision as to what to do in a particular situation. Elizabeth was in a quandary about what courses to take in the first semester of her freshment year.
481
quarantine (n) /KWAR-uhn-teen/
Enforced isolation to those exposed to a contagious or infectious disease. The Mitchells thought it odd that even their goldfish had to be placed in quarantine when they moved to Europe.
482
quark (n) /KWORK/
An elementary particle; the smallest known quantity of matter. It's amazing how something as small as a quark can generate so much enthusiasm and interest in physics researchers.
483
queasy (a) /KWEE-zee/
Feeling ill in the stomach, as if one the verge of vomiting; easily nauseated. Causing a feeling of uneasiness or nausea. Driving a long distance on the bumpy road made almost everyone on the team bus feel queasy.
484
quench (v) /KWENSH/
To satisfy a thirst by drinking. To put out a fire or light. Diligent students sometime state that reading and writing is the only way to quench their thirst for knowledge.
485
querulous (a) /KWER-uh-luss/
Inclined to complain or find fault. Whining or complaining. The querulous two-year-old felt better and stopped whining after his nap.
486
quicksilver (a) /KWIK-sill-vuhr/
Tending to change rapidly and unpredictably. The quicksilver emotional transformations of manic-depressive individuals frustrate family members and psychologists.
487
quintessence (n) /kwin-THE-sunts/
The pure, essential form of a thing, in its most perfect form. Something that is the most typical example, as "the quintessence of greed."
488
quisling (n) /KWIZ-lehng/
A traitor, especially someone who collaborates with an occupying force. Once the village was liberated, many of leading citizens were not regarded as quislings.
489
quiver (v) /KWIH-vur/
To shake rapidly with small movements. It was hard to tell whether it was the cold or her nerves that was causing Jennifer to quiver so much.
490
quixotic (a) /kwik-SOT-ik/
Tending to take a romanticized view of life; motivated by idealism to the neglect of the practical. Hopelessly and impractically idealistic. Susan's quixotic search for "Mr. Right" inspired her to take many singles cruises, but all she got was seasick.
491
rakish (a) /RAY-kush/
Stylish in a dashing or sporty way. Having a streamlined look that suggests rapid movement through the water. The juniors all looked very rakish in their white dinner jackets, formal trousers, and athletic footwear.
492
ramification (n) /ra-mih-fih-KAY-shun/
The unintended consequence of an action, often one that complicates a situation or makes it harder to achieve the intended results.
493
ramshackle (a) /RAM-shakl/
Poorly maintained or constructed and likely to fall down, fall apart, or collapse. Shacks are ramshackle structures, ready to blow down at the first hard wind.
494
rancour (n) /RAN-core/
Bitter, deeply held, and long-lasting ill will or resentment. Rancor between the North and the South did not end for decades after the Civil War.
495
randy (a) /RAN-dee/
Having a strong desire for sex. Again, like most teenage boys. Adolescent boys are, by nature, randy, but they seem to get worse over the summer at the beach.
496
rankle (v) /RANG-kul/
To cause persistent feelings of anger, irritation, or festering resentment. The criticism of parents does rankle children after a while, but sometimes it is important to listen to.
497
rapport (n) /ruh-PORE/
A positive bond or friendly relationship based on friendship, trust, and a sense of shared concerns. The substitute teacher developed a good rapport with the students to ensure his own survival.
498
rapturous (a) /RAP-chur-us/
Expressing or causing great enthusiasm, happiness, ecstatic feeling, or pleasure. Those who have the opportunity to see the Grand Canyon are often rapturous at the mere memory.
499
rarefied (a) /RARE-uh-fied/
Seeming distinct or remote from ordinary reality and common people; lofty or exalted. When visiting the Oval Office, one is truly in a rarifield environment.
500
raucous (a) /RAW-cuss/
Loud and hoarse; unpleasant sounding, characterized by loud noise, shouting, and ribald laughter. The fraternity house was regularly the site of raucous behavior, as well as of visits from the campus police.