Words you must know

Question 1

What is phonological awareness?

Answer 1

being able to judge or analyze sound structure in oral language

Question 2

What is phonemic awareness?

Answer 2

a deeper level of phonological awareness; being able to manipulate or isolate single sounds or phonemes.

Question 3

What is phonics?

Answer 3

recognizing that language is made of sounds and those sounds can be represented in written letters

Question 4

When improving the reading level of an adult, you should focus on

Answer 4

single word decoding, word analysis, and word structure

Question 5

What skills are critical for children to master in order to read and write?

Answer 5

segmenting and blending words

Question 6

What is ataxia?

Answer 6

poor muscle control that causes clumsy voluntary movements

Question 7

What is apraxia?

Answer 7

inability to consistently make the muscle movements needed to make speech sounds

Question 8

What is dysarthria?

Answer 8

muscles used for speech are weak or are difficult to control; thus, someone with this issue has slurred speech

Question 9

What is aphasia?

Answer 9

inability to speak or understand speech

Question 10

What is onset?

Answer 10

a phonological unit; it’s the initial consonant(s) in a syllable. For example, in “cat”, /k/ is the onset

Question 11

What is rime?

Answer 11

a phonological unit; it’s the string of letters that follow the initial consonant (onset), usually a vowel and final consonants. For example, in “cat”, the string “at” is the rime

Question 12

What is phonological processing?

Answer 12

using phonemes to process spoken and written language

Question 13

What are the “early 8” phonemes?

Answer 13

/m, b, j, n, w, d, p, h/

Question 14

What are the “middle 8” phonemes?

Answer 14

/t, ŋ, k, ɡ, f, v, ʧ, ʤ/

Question 15

What are the “late-8” phonemes?

Answer 15

/ʃ, θ, s, z, ð, l, ɹ, ʒ/

Question 16

What is the prognosis?

Answer 16

expectation of how the client will achieve therapy over time.

Question 17

What is phonemics?

Answer 17

the interpretation of the production of speech sounds

Question 18

What is phonetics?

Answer 18

actual production of speech sounds

Question 19

What is phonotactics?

Answer 19

The rules that govern what phonemes can and cannot be combined; for example, in GAE, “p” and “j” are not allowed to be combined to make a meaningful word.

Question 20

What is the voice frequency of a typical adult male?

Answer 20

85 Hz to 155 Hz

Question 21

What is the voice frequency of a typical adult female?

Answer 21

165 to 255 Hz

Question 22

A speech delay is ______

Answer 22

the expectation that a child’s speech will normalize given time and intervention.

Question 23

A speech disorder is _____

Answer 23

expectation that a child’s speech will not normalize given time and intervention.

Question 24

What is speech?

Answer 24

how we say sounds and words

Question 25

What is language?

Answer 25

Symbols used to signal what you want and your feelings

Question 26

What is a receptive language disorder?

Answer 26

trouble understanding what people say

Question 27

What is an expressive language disorder?

Answer 27

having trouble sharing your thoughts, feelings, and ideas

Question 28

What is a speech disorder?

Answer 28

trouble producing sounds, stutter when speaking, or have voice problems

Question 29

What is distinctive feature theory? How is this theory used clinically?

Answer 29

a phonological theory that states that a phoneme may or may not possess a distinctive feature (place, voice, and manner). If the
pattern of speech errors centers around a missing distinctive feature, then it suggests that the client may not have learned it.

Question 30

Strident sounds are _____

Answer 30

hissy sounds in English, a loud fricative. They are /s/, /z/, ch, and voiced ch.

Question 31

What are the distinctive features of /r/?

Answer 31

voiced alveolar flap

Question 32

What are the distinctive features of /l/

Answer 32

voiced alveolar liquid

Question 32

What are the distinctive features of /l/

Answer 32

voiced alveolar liquid

Question 33

What is a nonlinear phonological model?

Answer 33

a theory in which children acquire phonemes by listening to everyday conversation and taking note of the stress and intonation of spech. Children learn sounds by listening to words, phrases, and syllabes rather than separate sounds.

Question 34

What is a linear phonological model?

Answer 34

a theory of phoneme acquisition in which children acquire phonemes sequentially; thus, children will learn phonemes that are produced in every language (i.e., natural), before they learn other phonemes