Words you must know Flashcards
What is phonological awareness?
being able to judge or analyze sound structure in oral language
What is phonemic awareness?
a deeper level of phonological awareness; being able to manipulate or isolate single sounds or phonemes.
What is phonics?
recognizing that language is made of sounds and those sounds can be represented in written letters
When improving the reading level of an adult, you should focus on
single word decoding, word analysis, and word structure
What skills are critical for children to master in order to read and write?
segmenting and blending words
What is ataxia?
poor muscle control that causes clumsy voluntary movements
What is apraxia?
inability to consistently make the muscle movements needed to make speech sounds
What is dysarthria?
muscles used for speech are weak or are difficult to control; thus, someone with this issue has slurred speech
What is aphasia?
inability to speak or understand speech
What is onset?
a phonological unit; it’s the initial consonant(s) in a syllable. For example, in “cat”, /k/ is the onset
What is rime?
a phonological unit; it’s the string of letters that follow the initial consonant (onset), usually a vowel and final consonants. For example, in “cat”, the string “at” is the rime
What is phonological processing?
using phonemes to process spoken and written language
What are the “early 8” phonemes?
/m, b, j, n, w, d, p, h/
What are the “middle 8” phonemes?
/t, ŋ, k, ɡ, f, v, ʧ, ʤ/
What are the “late-8” phonemes?
/ʃ, θ, s, z, ð, l, ɹ, ʒ/
What is the prognosis?
expectation of how the client will achieve therapy over time.
What is phonemics?
the interpretation of the production of speech sounds
What is phonetics?
actual production of speech sounds
What is phonotactics?
The rules that govern what phonemes can and cannot be combined; for example, in GAE, “p” and “j” are not allowed to be combined to make a meaningful word.
What is the voice frequency of a typical adult male?
85 Hz to 155 Hz
What is the voice frequency of a typical adult female?
165 to 255 Hz
A speech delay is ______
the expectation that a child’s speech will normalize given time and intervention.
A speech disorder is _____
expectation that a child’s speech will not normalize given time and intervention.
What is speech?
how we say sounds and words
What is language?
Symbols used to signal what you want and your feelings
What is a receptive language disorder?
trouble understanding what people say
What is an expressive language disorder?
having trouble sharing your thoughts, feelings, and ideas
What is a speech disorder?
trouble producing sounds, stutter when speaking, or have voice problems
What is distinctive feature theory? How is this theory used clinically?
a phonological theory that states that a phoneme may or may not possess a distinctive feature (place, voice, and manner). If the
pattern of speech errors centers around a missing distinctive feature, then it suggests that the client may not have learned it.
Strident sounds are _____
hissy sounds in English, a loud fricative. They are /s/, /z/, ch, and voiced ch.
What are the distinctive features of /r/?
voiced alveolar flap
What are the distinctive features of /l/
voiced alveolar liquid
What are the distinctive features of /l/
voiced alveolar liquid
What is a nonlinear phonological model?
a theory in which children acquire phonemes by listening to everyday conversation and taking note of the stress and intonation of spech. Children learn sounds by listening to words, phrases, and syllabes rather than separate sounds.
What is a linear phonological model?
a theory of phoneme acquisition in which children acquire phonemes sequentially; thus, children will learn phonemes that are produced in every language (i.e., natural), before they learn other phonemes
