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Disease Detectives 2022-2023 > Words to Know > Flashcards

Words to Know Flashcards

1
Q

Outbreak

A

More cases of a particular disease than expected in a certain area or among a group of ppl

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2
Q

Cluster

A

A bunch of cases grouped closely

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3
Q

Pandemic

A

An epidemic, but it goes over several countries/continents. Ex: Covid-19. Large % pop. affected

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4
Q

Risk

A

The probability that someone will be infected or die from a disease or injury within a certain time.

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5
Q

Vector

A

An organism that transmits the infection as a mosquito transmits the malaria protozoans.

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6
Q

Fomite

A

A physical object that serves to transmit an infectious agent from person to person. Ex: A Comb spreading lice.

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7
Q

Zoonosis

A

An infectious disease that is transmissible from animals to people.

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8
Q

Surveillance

A

Systematic, ongoing collection, analysis, & dissemination of medical data.

Purpose: To gain knowledge of patterns of disease, injury, & other health problems in a community so that we can work towards control & prevention.

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9
Q

Communicable Disease

A

Disease associated with an agent that can be spread.

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10
Q

Disinfectant

A

Agent that kills, inhibits, or removes microorganisms that may cause diease.

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11
Q

Incubation Period

A

Time between becoming infected & the manifestation of the illness.

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12
Q

Population

A

of ppl in an area

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13
Q

Hypothesis

A

educated guess

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14
Q

Virus

A

Non-living particles that can only reproduce inside a living organism

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15
Q

Bacteria

A

unicellular organism that multiplies through cell division.

Ex: Botulism, or Anthrax. Can treat w/ antibiotics.

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16
Q

Epidemology

A

Elements that contribute to the occurrence or non-occurrence of a disease in a population or community

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17
Q

Reservoir

A

A species of organism that causes another organism to get sick.

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18
Q

Endemic

A

A disease that is under control in an area.

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19
Q

Epidemic

A

large numbers of people over a wide geographic area affected. (not global)

20
Q

Vaccine

A

Trains immune system to recognize and destroy an infectious agent faster, hopefully preventing illness

21
Q

Epidemiologist

A

A person that studies the diseases and the infectious agent.

22
Q

Disease Distribution

A

The pattern of how a sickness is spread in a population.

23
Q

Risk Factor

A

Factors that increase odds of contracting illness

24
Q

Incubation Period

A

Time between infection & symptoms

25
Q

Transmission

A

Spreading the disease

26
Q

Antibody

A

The cells that fight against the infectious agent.

27
Q

Antibiotic

A

Treatment for bacterial infections

28
Q

Pathogen

A

The infectious agent.

29
Q

Contagious

A

Disease that spreads

30
Q

Ciguatoxin

A

Marine toxins. People can be exposed to a HAB (Harmful Algal Blooms) or HAB toxins when they swim, wade, or play in or near contaminated water; eat contaminated fish or shellfish; or use contaminated drinking water. Can cause skin irritation, breathing difficulty, etc.

31
Q

pandemic

A

An epidemic occurring over a very wide area (several countries or continents) and usually affecting a large proportion of the population. (can be global)

32
Q

public health surveillance

A

the systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data to gain knowledge of the pattern of disease occurrence in order to control and prevent disease in the community.

33
Q

Virulence

A

Degree or intensity of pathogenicity of an organism

34
Q

Compromised host

A

Host with lowered resistance to infection

35
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

an infection traced back to the hospital

36
Q

Infectivity

A

Capacity to cause infection in a susceptible host

37
Q

Case Definition

A

The onset of ___(symptoms) in a ____(person) at ______(time & place)

38
Q

Confirmed

A

Diagnosis by lab verification

39
Q

Probable

A

Many factors point to diagnosis, but no lab verification

40
Q

Suspected

A

Some factors point to diagnosis

41
Q

Resevoir

A

Site that harbors pathogenic organisms

42
Q

Morbidity Rate

A

num of exposed

num of sick / num exposed

43
Q

Mortality Rate

A

dead per 100,000 population

44
Q

Case Fatality Rate

A

dead / #sick

45
Q

2 Triads

A

Person, place, time; agent, host, environment

46
Q

Index Case

A

First case of an outbreak

Disease Detectives 2022-2023 (1 decks)

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