Words Begining With A Flashcards
DEFINE: a priori
ANSWER: knowledge of propositions that do not require (sense) experience to be known as true or false. / gained through rational thinking or logic
DEFINE: abstract
ANSWER: theoretical and removed from any concrete objects or instances
DEFINE: action
ANSWER: something an agent does intentionally
DEFINE: actual world
ANSWER: the world as it is. The actual world is a possible world, specifically the world we live in.
DEFINE: ad hoc
ANSWER: a statement or a move in an argument that suits the purpose at hand but has no independent support.
DEFINE: analogy
ANSWER: similarity in several respects between different things.
DEFINE: analogy, argument form
ANSWER: John Stuart Mill’s argument that we can use the behaviour of other people to infer that they have minds because they behave as I do, and I have a mind.
DEFINE: analysis
ANSWER: process of breaking up a complex concept or expression in order to reveal its simpler constituents, therefore elucidating its meaning.
DEFINE: analytic
ANSWER: a proposition that is true (or false) in virtue of the meanings of words.
E.G: ‘a bachelor is an unmarried man~ analytically true
‘a square has three sides’ ~ analytically false
DEFINE: antecedent
ANSWER: the proposition that forms the first part of a conditional statement, usually the part of the sentence that comes after ‘if’
E.G: ‘if it rains I will get wet’
‘It rains’ is the antecedent
DEFINE: arête
ANSWER: an excellence or more specifically a virtue- a quality that aids the fulfilment of a things ergon
(Aristotle)
DEFINE: argument
ANSWER: a reasoned inference from one set of claims- the premises - to another claim, the conclusion
DEFINE: argument map
ANSWER: visual diagram of how the premises of an argument relate to one another and to the conclusion
DEFINE: assertion
ANSWER: the claim that a proposition is true
DEFINE: assumption
ANSWER: a proposition accepted without proof or evidence as the basis for an inference or argument
