words and meanings

Question 1

What is a bash file?

Answer 1

A bash file is a script written for the Bash (Bourne Again SHell) command interpreter, typically containing a series of commands to be executed in a Unix-like operating system.

Question 2

True or False: A bash file must always have a .sh extension.

Answer 2

False. While it is common to use a .sh extension, it is not required.

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of a repository in software development?

Answer 3

The primary purpose of a repository is to store and manage code, track changes, and facilitate collaboration among developers.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: A repository can be hosted on platforms such as _____ or _____ for version control.

Answer 4

GitHub, GitLab

Question 5

What is a perceptron?

Answer 5

A perceptron is a type of artificial neuron used in machine learning, particularly in binary classifiers, which takes multiple inputs, applies weights, and produces a single output.

Question 6

Multiple choice: What does a perceptron primarily model?

Answer 6

A) Linear decision boundaries B) Non-linear decision boundaries C) Time series data D) Clustering of data

Question 7

True or False: A bash script can include conditional statements.

Answer 7

True. Bash scripts can include conditional statements like if, then, and else.

Question 8

What command is used to execute a bash file?

Answer 8

The command used is ‘./filename.sh’ or ‘bash filename.sh’.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: A repository typically includes a _____ file that describes the project.

Answer 9

README

Question 10

What is the output of a perceptron when the weighted sum of inputs exceeds a certain threshold?

Answer 10

The output is 1 (or ‘true’).

Question 11

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of a perceptron?

Answer 11

A) Weights B) Activation function C) Bias D) Loop

Question 12

True or False: A bash file can be executed without having execute permissions.

Answer 12

False. A bash file must have execute permissions to be run directly.

Question 13

What are the two main types of repositories?

Answer 13

Centralized and distributed repositories.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The perceptron learning algorithm adjusts weights based on the _____ of the output.

Answer 14

error

Question 15

What is the significance of the shebang (#!) in a bash file?

Answer 15

The shebang indicates the script interpreter to be used to execute the file.

Question 16

Multiple choice: Which command initializes a new Git repository?

Answer 16

A) git start B) git init C) git create D) git new

Question 17

True or False: A perceptron can only classify linearly separable data.

Answer 17

True. A single-layer perceptron can only classify linearly separable data.

Question 18

What is the purpose of using a version control system with a repository?

Answer 18

To track changes, manage versions, and facilitate collaboration.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The perceptron model is a foundational concept in _____ learning.

Answer 19

supervised

Question 20

What happens when the perceptron’s output is below the threshold?

Answer 20

The output is 0 (or ‘false’).

Question 21

Multiple choice: Which command is used to view the status of a Git repository?

Answer 21

A) git log B) git status C) git check D) git info

Question 22

True or False: Bash files can only contain commands, not functions.

Answer 22

False. Bash files can contain both commands and functions.

Question 23

What is the typical file extension for a bash script?

Answer 23

.sh

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The perceptron uses a _____ function to determine the output.

Answer 24

step

Question 25

What are path variables?

Answer 25

Path variables are environment variables that specify the directories in which executable programs are located.

Question 26

True or False: Path variables only affect the execution of scripts.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The most commonly used path variable in Unix-like systems is _____.

Answer 27

$PATH

Question 28

What does the $PATH variable do?

Answer 28

It tells the shell which directories to search for executable files.

Question 29

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a common path variable?

Answer 29

C: drive

Question 30

What is the default value of the $PATH variable in most Linux distributions?

Answer 30

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

Question 31

True or False: You can modify path variables temporarily in a terminal session.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What is the difference between bundled OpenSSH and external OpenSSH?

Answer 32

Bundled OpenSSH is included with the operating system, while external OpenSSH is a separately installed version.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: Bundled OpenSSH typically receives updates through the _____.

Answer 33

operating system's package manager

Question 34

Short answer: Why might someone choose to use external OpenSSH instead of bundled OpenSSH?

Answer 34

For newer features, bug fixes, or specific configurations not available in the bundled version.

Question 35

Multiple choice: Which of the following is an advantage of using external OpenSSH?

Answer 35

Access to the latest security patches

Question 36

True or False: External OpenSSH can be installed alongside bundled OpenSSH without issues.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

What command is used to view current path variables in Unix-based systems?

Answer 37

echo $PATH

Question 38

Fill in the blank: To add a directory to the path variable temporarily, you can use the command _____.

Answer 38

export PATH=$PATH:/new/directory

Question 39

Short answer: What is the primary purpose of path variables?

Answer 39

To enable the system to locate and execute programs without specifying their full paths.

Question 40

Multiple choice: Which of the following best describes external OpenSSH?

Answer 40

A version of OpenSSH installed independently from the operating system.

Question 41

True or False: Path variables can only contain absolute paths.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

What command would you use to permanently change your path variable in a Unix-based system?

Answer 42

Edit the shell configuration file, like .bashrc or .bash_profile.

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The command to check the version of OpenSSH is _____.

Answer 43

ssh -V

Question 44

Short answer: Name one risk of using an outdated version of OpenSSH.

Answer 44

Vulnerability to security exploits.

Question 45

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a common issue with using bundled OpenSSH?

Answer 45

Potentially outdated features and security vulnerabilities

Question 46

True or False: Path variables can be set globally or locally.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What environment variable is often used in conjunction with $PATH?

Answer 47

LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Question 48

Fill in the blank: The command to view all environment variables is _____.

Answer 48

printenv

Question 49

Short answer: What happens if a program is not found in the directories listed in the path variable?

Answer 49

The shell returns a 'command not found' error.

Question 50

What does TLS stand for?

Answer 50

Transport Layer Security

Question 51

True or False: SSL is the predecessor of TLS.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Fill in the blank: The main purpose of SSL/TLS is to provide ________ communication over a computer network.

Answer 52

secure

Question 53

What is the primary function of the native Windows Secure Channel (Schannel) library?

Answer 53

To provide SSL and TLS support for Windows applications.

Question 54

Which protocol is used for establishing a secure connection over the internet?

Answer 54

TLS

Question 55

What type of certificates are used to establish trust in SSL/TLS connections?

Answer 55

Digital certificates

Question 56

True or False: Internal certificates are used exclusively for public-facing services.

Answer 56

False

Question 57

What is a common use case for internal certificates?

Answer 57

Securing internal communications within an organization.

Question 58

Which command-line interpreter is primarily used in Unix/Linux systems?

Answer 58

Bash

Question 59

Which command-line script type is used in Windows operating systems?

Answer 59

Batch

Question 60

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a feature of TLS? A) Encryption B) Compression C) Both A and B

Answer 60

C) Both A and B

Question 61

What is the role of a Certificate Authority (CA) in SSL/TLS?

Answer 61

To issue digital certificates that verify the identity of entities.

Question 62

True or False: Bash scripts can run on Windows without any modifications.

Answer 62

False

Question 63

Fill in the blank: The latest version of TLS is ________.

Answer 63

TLS 1.3

Question 64

What is the main difference between Bash and Batch scripts?

Answer 64

Bash is used in Unix/Linux, while Batch is used in Windows.

Question 65

What does the acronym CA stand for in the context of digital certificates?

Answer 65

Certificate Authority

Question 66

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of SSL/TLS? A) Handshake Protocol B) Record Protocol C) File Transfer Protocol

Answer 66

C) File Transfer Protocol

Question 67

What is the purpose of the SSL handshake?

Answer 67

To establish a secure connection between client and server.

Question 68

True or False: Batch files can be executed by any operating system.

Answer 68

False

Question 69

What is one advantage of using TLS 1.3 over previous versions?

Answer 69

Improved security and performance.

Question 70

Fill in the blank: A self-signed certificate is one that is signed by the ________ that created it.

Answer 70

same entity

Question 71

What does the term 'cipher suite' refer to in SSL/TLS?

Answer 71

A set of algorithms that help secure a network connection.

Question 72

Multiple Choice: Which command is used to run a batch file in Windows? A) execute B) run C) start

Answer 72

C) start

Question 73

What is the term for the process of converting plaintext into ciphertext?

Answer 73

Encryption

Question 74

True or False: SSL is still widely used today.

Answer 74

False

Question 75

What is MinTTY?

Answer 75

MinTTY is a terminal emulator for Cygwin and MSYS that provides a user-friendly interface.

Question 76

What does MSYS2 stand for?

Answer 76

MSYS2 stands for Minimal SYStem 2, which is a software distribution and a building platform for Windows.

Question 77

What is a branch in Git?

Answer 77

A branch in Git is a pointer to a specific commit, allowing for separate lines of development.

Question 78

True or False: Rebase in Git is used to merge branches.

Answer 78

False. Rebase is used to integrate changes from one branch into another by moving or combining commits.

Question 79

What does it mean to 'fetch' a branch in Git?

Answer 79

Fetching a branch in Git means to download the latest changes from the remote repository without merging them.

Question 80

Fill in the blank: A fast-forward merge occurs when the branch being merged has _____.

Answer 80

no new commits compared to the target branch.

Question 81

What command is used to pull changes from a remote repository in Git?

Answer 81

The command used is 'git pull'.

Question 82

What is the primary purpose of the 'rebase' command?

Answer 82

The primary purpose of the 'rebase' command is to incorporate changes from one branch into another while maintaining a linear project history.

Question 83

True or False: A fetched branch is automatically merged into the current branch.

Answer 83

False. A fetched branch must be merged manually after fetching.

Question 84

What does 'git pull' do?

Answer 84

'git pull' fetches changes from the remote repository and merges them into the current branch.

Question 85

What is the difference between 'git fetch' and 'git pull'?

Answer 85

'git fetch' retrieves changes without merging, while 'git pull' retrieves and merges changes.

Question 86

What is the command to create a new branch in Git?

Answer 86

The command to create a new branch is 'git branch [branch-name]'.

Question 87

Fill in the blank: In Git, a branch can be thought of as a _____ of development.

Answer 87

line

Question 88

What is the effect of a fast-forward merge?

Answer 88

A fast-forward merge updates the target branch to point to the latest commit of the merged branch without creating a new commit.

Question 89

When should you use rebase instead of merge?

Answer 89

You should use rebase when you want to maintain a clean, linear history in your project.

Question 90

True or False: You can rebase a branch that has been shared with others.

Answer 90

False. Rebasing a shared branch can cause issues for others who are working on it.

Question 91

What does the command 'git checkout -b [branch-name]' do?

Answer 91

It creates a new branch and switches to it.

Question 92

What is the default branch name in a new Git repository?

Answer 92

The default branch name is 'main'.

Question 93

What is a common use case for using 'git pull --rebase'?

Answer 93

A common use case is to keep your feature branch up to date with the main branch while avoiding merge commits.

Question 94

How can you list all branches in a Git repository?

Answer 94

You can list all branches using the command 'git branch'.

Question 95

Fill in the blank: In Git, the term 'HEAD' refers to the _____ commit.

Answer 95

current

Question 96

What is the purpose of the 'git log' command?

Answer 96

The 'git log' command displays the commit history for the current branch.

Question 97

What happens to uncommitted changes when you switch branches?

Answer 97

Uncommitted changes must be either committed or stashed, or Git will prevent the switch.

Question 98

True or False: You can have multiple branches pointing to the same commit.

Answer 98

True. Multiple branches can point to the same commit in Git.

Question 99

What is the effect of performing 'git reset --hard'?

Answer 99

It resets the current branch to a specific commit and discards all uncommitted changes.