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English language > Words > Flashcards

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1
Q

Give an example of a common noun

A

Cars, toys, house, dogs, tables.

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2
Q

What is a proper noun?

A

A noun which refers to specific people and places.

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3
Q

What are the 2 sub-variations of common nouns?

A

Concrete

Abstract

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4
Q

Explain what a concrete noun is, and give an example.

A

A common noun refers to physical things, for example people, objects, animals, etc.

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5
Q

Explain what an abstract noun is and give an example.

A

Abstract nouns refer to ideas, processes, occasions, times and qualities, they cannot be touched. For example, happiness, fear, sadness, etc.

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6
Q

What are countable nouns? Give an example.

A

Nouns that can be counted, so have a plural form, they many follow the determiner ‘many’, for example donkeys, cows, etc.

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7
Q

What are non-countable nouns? Give an example.

A

These refer to substances and qualities that cannot be counted, they cannot follow the determiner ‘a’, ‘many’, ‘several’, etc, except ‘much’. E.g. ‘Food’, ‘water’.

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8
Q

What is the role of adjectives?

A

To provide extra information about nouns by giving detail of physical qualities, psychological qualities and evaluative judgement.

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9
Q

Give an example of a type of adjective.

A

Visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory.

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10
Q

What is a comparative? Give an example

A

Used to make comparisons, made by adding ‘-er’ to the adjectives, e.g. Bigger, taller, etc.

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11
Q

What is a superlative? Give an example.

A

Used to make comparisons, made by adding ‘-est’ to an adjective. E.g. Tallest, biggest, etc.

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12
Q

Give an example of a noun being used as an adjective.

A

The garden wall.
The school field
The lava pit

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13
Q

Give an example of a verb being used as an adjective.

A

The running boy
The sleeping cat
The talking girl

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14
Q

What is a pronoun?

A

A word which refers to a noun previously use, or replaced a noun.

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15
Q

Give an example of a possessive pronoun.

A

Mine, our, yours, his, hers, it’s, theirs.

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16
Q

Give an example of a reflexive pronoun

A

Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

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17
Q

Demonstrative pronouns have deictic function, what does this mean?

A

They refer to something in immediate context.

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18
Q

Give an example of a demonstrative pronoun.

A

This, these, that, those.

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19
Q

Give an example of an interrogative pronoun.

A

Who, which, whom, whose, what.

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20
Q

Give an example of an ‘of’ indefinite pronoun.

A

All of, both of, either of, neither of, each of, some of.

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21
Q

Give an example of a ‘compound’ indefinite pronoun.

A

Every, some, any, -one, -body, no+thing

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22
Q

What is a verb?

A

A word of doing or being.

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23
Q

What is a dynamic verb? Give an example.

A

A verb which relates to action, e.g to run, to hit, to speak.

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24
Q

What is a stative verb? Give an example.

A

A verb which expresses states of being or thought processes rather than actions, e.g. To be, to seem, to know, to mean.

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25
Q

What is a transitive verb? Give an example.

A

A verb followed by a direct object, e.g the dog bit the postman.

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26
Q

What is an intransitive verb? Give an example.

A

Verbs that cannot take a direct object, e.g the dog barked.

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27
Q

What is an auxiliary verb?

A

Verbs which are placed in front of main verbs.

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28
Q

Locate the auxiliary in this sentence:

“I must have been thinking about someone else.”

A

must have been

29
Q

What are the two types of auxiliary verb?

A

Primary

Modal

30
Q

What are the three primary auxiliary verbs?

A

Be
Have
Do

31
Q

What can primary auxiliary verbs be used to do?

A

Indicate time
Construct questions
Add emphasis
Express negatives

32
Q

True/false

Primary auxiliary verbs can acts as main verbs.

A

True

They are also the only ones which can.

33
Q

How do modal auxiliary verbs affect the sentence?

A

They can alter the tone or meaning of something that is said or written.

34
Q

Give an example of 3 modal auxiliary verbs.

A

Can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should.

35
Q

What is an adverb?

A

A word that limits or modifies the meaning of any part of speech except a noun or a pronoun.

36
Q

What can adverbs modify?

A 
Verbs
Adjectives
Other adverbs
Prepositions
Whole sentences
37
Q

What is a circumstance adverb? Give an example.

A

An adverb that modifies verbs, giving details of circumstance.
E.g. Time and frequency - now, then, soon, recently, etc.
Place - here, fairly, almost, quite, etc.
Manner - slowly, quickly, eagerly, etc.

38
Q

What is a preposition?

A

A word that shows the relationship between a noun and another noun or pronoun in a sentence, including those in relation to positions.
E.g. In, on, at, through.

39
Q

What is a common noun?

A

A noun that classifies things into general types or categories.

40
Q

What do determiners do?

A

They proceed nouns and refer directly to them.

41
Q

What do prepositions come before?

A

Nouns
Adjectives
Pronouns
Noun phrases

42
Q

What does a coordinating conjunction do?

A

Used to join sentences that are of equal value.

43
Q

What is an auxiliary verb?

A

A verb such as ‘be’,’have’,’do’ which can act as the main verb or as a linking verb.

44
Q

Hyponyms

A

Words that can be included in a larger, more general category

45
Q

Hypernyms

A

Words that label categories

46
Q

Semantic change

A

The process of words changing meaning

47
Q

Morpheme

A

Smallest grammatical unit

48
Q

Free morpheme

A

A morpheme that can stand on its own as a word

49
Q

Affix

A

A morpheme that cannot stand on its own as a word, but combines with others to create a new word.

50
Q

Phrase

A

Group of words centred around a head word

51
Q

Clause

A

Group of words centred around a verb, may be grammatically complete or incomplete (main clause/subordinate clause)

52
Q

Deixis

A

Words that are context-bound where meaning depends on who is being referred to, where or when something is happening.

53
Q

Face

A

The concept of how all communication relies on presenting ‘face’ to listeners and audiences and how the management of positive and negative face needs to contribute to interaction

54
Q

Politeness

A

The awareness of others needs to be approved of and like or given freedom to express their identity and choices

55
Q

Adjuncts

A

Non-essential elements of clauses that can be omitted

56
Q

Disjunction

A

Sentence adverbs that work to express an attitude or stance towards material that follows

57
Q

Anaphoric reference

A

Making reference back to something previously identified in a text (e.g. The woman .. stood by )

58
Q

Cataphoric reference

A

Making reference forwards to something as yet unidentified in text

59
Q

Interdiscursivity

A

The use of discourses from one field as part of another (e.g. The use of science discourses in the selling of beauty products)

60
Q

Multimodal texts

A

Texts that rely on multiple modes to display message (e.g. Image, writing and sound)

61
Q

Mode

A

The way in which language is communicated between text producer and receiver.

62
Q

Poetic voice

A

The way in which a sense of identity is projected through language choices so as to give the impression of a distinct persona with a personal history and a set of beliefs and values

63
Q

Personal pronoun

A

Specific person or peoples

He, she, they

64
Q

Possessive pronouns

A

Possession of object or thing

His, hers, theirs, mine

65
Q

Reflexive pronoun

A

How the subject affects you

Himself, yourself, themselves

66
Q

Relative pronouns

A

Relation to noun and modification
A girl WHO sings
A dog WHICH barks at strangers

67
Q

Interrogative pronouns

A

Who are you

What are you doing

68
Q

Demonstrative pronouns

A

Points to a noun
This
That

English language (4 decks)

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