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Biology unit 2 > Word wall > Flashcards

Word wall Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Blade

A

Leaf-like region, flat to increase surface area to capture sunlight, fern/algae

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2
Q

Sori / sorus

A

Makes and stores spores, ferns, dots on fern fronds, cluster of spore-producing receptacles on the underside of a fern frond

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3
Q

Stipe

A

Stem-like portion of kelp/algae/fern

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4
Q

Meiosis

A

Nuclear division process, creates four haploid cells (one set of chromosomes each), genetic diversity

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5
Q

Conjugation tube

A

Connection between filaments/individuals, during conjugation, transfers genetic information/gametes

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6
Q

Roots/stem/leaves

A

???

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7
Q

air bladder

A

Pocket of air causes leaf-like portion to float near the surface – helps collect sunlight for photosynthesis

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8
Q

Megaspore

A

Develops into megagametophyte, embryo sac in seed plants (contains egg)

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9
Q

Gamete

A

Reproductive cell / sex cell (sperm or egg), haploid

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10
Q

Cuticle

A

Prevents water loss, wax material, topside of fern fronds

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11
Q

Protonema

A

Young plant, earliest stage of development of moss gametophytes, haploid

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12
Q

Holdfast

A

Root-like, anchor itself to rocks

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13
Q

Archegonium

A

Female sex organ, haploid, gametophyte, ferns and mosses

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14
Q

Stoma / stomata

A

Opening that regulates gas exchange and water regulation between leaves and the environment, holes in cuticles, so can “breathe”

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15
Q

Xylem

A

Vascular tissue in plants, conducts water/minerals upward from roots, forms woody element in the stem

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16
Q

Rhizoid

A

Root hair, anchor plant and conduct water, filamentous outgrowth, “roots” of moss gametophyte

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17
Q

Filamentous/colonial/unicellular/multicellular

A

Four forms of green algae

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18
Q

Seta

A

Stem of moss sporophyte, diploid

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19
Q

Homogamete / isogamete

A

Gametes that look/behave identically

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20
Q

Calyptra

A

Capsule, releases spores for a moss plant, sporophyte, diploid

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21
Q

Phloem

A

One part of vascular system, transports food/nutrients/glucose/carbs (to roots from leaves?)

22
Q

Germination

A

To grow

23
Q

Zoospores

A

Spore of certain algae/fungi/protozoans, flagella, motile, cells, haploid, asexual spore

24
Q

Pyrenoids

A

In chloroplasts of algae and hornworts/Chlamydomonas, makes and stores starch

25
Q

Gametangia

A

Haploid, makes gametes, ends of ulva gametophytes

26
Q

Laminarin

A

Storage glucan found in brown algae, created by photosynthesis

27
Q

Phycobilin

A

Group of red or blue photosynthetic pigments in some algae

28
Q

Frond

A

Blade and stipe region, diploid, sporophytes, fern/algae

29
Q

Antheridium

A

Male sex organ, haploid, gametophyte

30
Q

Annulus

A

Protective barrier/support for sporangia

31
Q

Flagella

A

A few, long strands on cells/organisms, for moving and collecting nutrients

32
Q

Zygospores

A

Thick-walled, resting cell, certain fungi/algae, from the fusion of two similar gametes, diploid

33
Q

Rhizome

A

Continuous growing, horizontal underground stem, puts out lateral shoots and roots, “roots” of ferns

34
Q

Syngamy

A

Fusion of gametes to create a zygospore, aka fertilization

35
Q

Microspore

A

Develops into microgametophyte, pollen grain in seed plants

36
Q

Heterogamete

A

Gametes that look/behave differently

37
Q

Cilia

A

Short, hair-like, lots, used by cells/organisms for moving and collecting nutrients

38
Q

alternation of generations

A

Type of life cycle where the diploid(sporophyte) and haploid(gametophyte) stages alternate

39
Q

Microgametophyte

A

Male gametophyte (seed plants only?)

40
Q

Haploid

A

One set of chromosomes, 1n/n

41
Q

Mitosis

A

Period of the cell cycle which duplicated chromosomes separate into identical nuclei, daughter cells are diploid / two sets of chromosomes, identical

42
Q

Ovule

A

Inside ovaries inside pistil, flowering plants, eggs, forms seeds, sperm fertilize

43
Q

Sporangia / sporangium

A

Makes spores, ends of ulva sporophytes or lollipop shaped in fern sori, diploid

44
Q

Megagametophyte

A

Female gametophyte (seed plants only?)

45
Q

Sporophyte

A

Multicellular, diploid, life-cycle stage that produces spores

46
Q

Stalk

A

Stalk of sporangia

47
Q

Prothallium

A

Heart shaped gametophyte of ferns, haploid, produces male and female gametes, eggs ready later than sperm (cross fertilization) to avoid self-fertilization

48
Q

Fucoxanthin

A

Brown carotenoid pigment, in brown algae

49
Q

Gametophyte

A

Multicellular, haploid, life-cycle stage that produces gametes

50
Q

Diploid

A

Two sets of chromosomes, 2n

51
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to that of lower concentration

Biology unit 2 (2 decks)

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