Word Smart Flashcards

1
Q

abash

A

(Verb)

To make ashamed; to embarrass

Carl handed in a term paper that he had unabashedly copied from Wikipedia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Abate

A

(Verb)

To subside; to reduce

A tax abatement is a reduction in taxes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Abdicate

A

(Verb)

To step down from a position of power or responsibility

When King Edward VIII of England decided he would rather be married to Wallace Warfield Simpson, an American divorcee, than be king of England, he turned in his crown and abdicated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aberration

A

(Noun)

Something not typical; a deviation from the standard

A snowstorm in June is an aberration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Abhor

A

(Verb)

To hate very very much; to detest

To abhor something is to view it with horror. Hating a person is almost friendly in comparison with abhorring him or her

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Abject

A

(Adjective)

Hopeless; extremely sad; defeated

While most people would quickly recover from a stumble on stage, Mia felt abject humiliation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Abnegate

A

(Verb)

To deny oneself things; to reject; to renounce

Ascetics practice self-abnegation because of they believe it will bring them closer to spiritual purity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Abortive

A

(Adjective)

Unsuccessful

Fred’s attempt to climb the mountain was abortive; he injured himself halfway up

• to abort something is to end it before it is completed. An aborted pregnancy, called an abortion, is one that ends before the baby is born. An abortion in this sense doesn’t have to be the result of a controversial medical procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Abridge

A

(Verb)

To shorten; to condense

The thoughtful editor abridged the massive book by removing the boring parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Absolute

A

(Adjective)

Total; unlimited

An absolute ruler is one who is ruled by no one else. An absolute mess is a total mess. An absolute rule is one that has no exceptions and that you must follow

• Absolute is also a noun. It means something that is total, unlimited, or perfect. Death, for living things, is an absolute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Absolve

A

(Verb)

To forgive or free from blame; to free from sin; to free from an obligation

The priest dissolve the center come to church to confess

• The act of absolving is called absolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Abstinent

A

(Adjective)

Abstaining; voluntarily not doing something, especially something pleasant that is bad for you or has a bad reputation

Sandi used to be a chain-smoker; now she is abstinent

• A person who abstains from something is an abstainer and engages in abstinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Abstract

A

(Adjective)

Theoretical; impersonal

He like oysters in the abstract, but when he actually tried one he became nauseated

• To like something in the abstract used to like the idea of it.

Bruno does not like abstract art; he thinks that a painting should resemble something real

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Abstruse

A

(Adjective)

Hard to understand

The professors article, on the meaning of something, was abstruse. Michael couldn’t even pronounce the words in it

Nuclear physics is a subject that is to abstruse for most people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Abysmal

A

(Adjective)

Extremely hopeless or wretched; bottomless

• An abyss is a bottomless pit, or something so deep that it seems bottomless. Abysmal despair is despair so deep that no hope seems possible

The nation’s debt crisis was abysmal; there seemed to be no possible solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Accolade

A

(Noun)

An award; an honor

The first break-dancing through to perform in the Carnegie Hall received accolades from the critics as well as from the fans

• This word is generally used in the plural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Accost

A

(Verb)

To approach and speak to someone aggressively

Amanda karate-chopped the stranger who accosted her in the street and was embarrassed to find he was an old blind man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acerbic

A

(Adjective)

Sour; severe; like acid in temper, mood, or tone

Barry sat silently as his friends read the teacher’s acerbic comments on his paper

• Acerb and acerbic are synonyms. Acerbity is the state of being a acerbic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acquiesce

A

(Verb)

To comply passively; to accept; to assent; to agree

The Pirates asked Pete to walk the plank; he took one look at their swords and then acquiesced

• To acquiesce is to do something without objection, to do it quietly. The word acquiesce and quiet are closely related. They are both based on Latin words meaning rest or be quiet. Acquiesce is sometimes used sloppily as a simple synonym for agree in situations in which it isn’t appropriate. For example, it is impossible to acquiesce noisily, enthusiastically, or eagerly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acrid

A

(Adjective)

Harshly pungent; bitter

The cheese we had at the party had an acrid taste; it was harsh and unpleasant. Long after the fire had been put out, we could feel the acrid sting of smoke in our nostrils.

• Acrid is used most often with tastes and smells, but it can be used more broadly to describe anything that is offensive in a similar way.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Acrimonious

A

(Adjective)

Full of spite; bitter; nasty

George and Elizabeth’s discussion turned acrimonious when Elizabeth introduced the subject of George’s perennial, incorrigible stupidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acumen

A

(Noun)

Keenness of judgment; mental sharpness

A woman who knows how to turn one dollar into 1 million overnight might be said to have a lot of business acumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Acute

A

(Adjective)

Sharp; shrewd

If your eyesight is acute, you can see things that other people can’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Adamant

A

(Adjective)

Stubborn; unyielding; Completely inflexible

Candace was adamant: she would never go out with Paul again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Address
(Verb) To speak to; to direct one's attention to Ernie addressed the problem of addressing the convention by sitting down and writing his speech
26
Adherent
(Noun) Follower; supporter; believer The Kings adherents threw a big party for him, just to show how much they liked him
27
Admonish
(Verb) To scold gently; to warn The boys' father admonished them not to eat the pie he had just baked. When they did so anyway, he admonished them • in the first sentence admonish means warn; in the second it means scold gently
28
Adroit
(Adjective) Skillful; dexterous; clever; shrewd; socially at ease Bob was an adroit salesperson: His highly skilled pitch, backed up by extensive product knowledge, nearly always resulted in a sale • Adroit comes from the French word for right and refers to an old superstition that right-handedness is superior. It is a synonym of dexterous (which comes from the Latin for right) and an antonym of gauche and maladroit
29
Adulation
(Noun) Wild or excessive admiration; flattery The boss thrived on the adulation of his scheming secretary
30
Adulterate
(Verb) To contaminate; to make impure
31
Adverse
(Adjective) Unfavorable; antagonistic * Airplanes often don't fly in adverse weather. An airplane that took off in bad weather and reached its destination safely would be said to have overcome adversity. Adversity means misfortune or unfavorable circumstances. To do something "in the face of adversity" is to undertake a task despite obstacles. Some people are at their best and adversity because they rise to the occasion. * A word often confused with adverse is averse. The two are related but they don't mean quite the same thing. A person who is averse to something is to be opposed to doing it - to have an aversion to doing it
32
Aesthetic
(Adjective) Having to do with artistic beauty; artistic • Someone who admires beautiful things greatly can be called an aesthete. Aesthetics is the study of beauty or principles of beauty.
33
Affable
(Adjective) Easy to talk to; friendly Susan was an affable girl; she could strike up a pleasant conversation with almost anyone
34
Affectation
(Noun) Unnatural or artificial behavior, usually intended to impress Becky's English accent is an affectation. She spent only a week in England, and that was several years ago. • A person with an affectation is said to be affected. To affect a characteristic or habit is to adopt it consciously, usually in the hope of impressing other people
35
Affinity
(Noun) Sympathy; attraction; kinship; similarity Ducks have an affinity for water • affinity also means similarity or resemblance. There is an affinity between snow and sleet
36
Affluent
(Adjective) Rich; prosperous
37
Agenda
(Noun) Program; the things to be done A politician is often said to have an agenda. The politician's agenda consists of the things he wishes to accomplish
38
Aggregate
(Noun) Sum total; a collection of separate things mixed together Chili is an aggregate of meat and beans • Similar and related words include congregate, segregate, and integrate. To aggregate is to bring together; to congregate is to get together; to segregate is to keep apart; to integrate is to unite
39
Agnostic
(Noun) One who believes that the existence of a God can be neither proven nor disproven
40
Agrarian
(Adjective) Relating to land; relating to the management or farming of land
41
Alacrity
(Noun) Cheerful eagerness or readiness to respond David could hardly wait for his parents to leave; he carried their luggage out to the car with great alacrity
42
Allege
(Verb) To assert without proof • To allege something is to assert it without proving it. Such an assertion is called an allegation.
43
Allocate
(Verb) To distribute; to assign; to allot
44
Alloy
(Noun) A combination of two or more things, usually metals • Alloy is often used as a verb. To alloy two things is to mix them together. There's usually an implication that the mixture is less than the sum of the parts. There is often something undesirable about an alloy (as opposed to a pure substance).
45
Allusion
(Noun) And indirect reference (often to a literary work); a hint • to allude to something is to refer to it indirectly
46
Aloof
(Adjective) Uninvolved; standing off; keeping one's distance • cats are often said to be aloof because they usually mind their own business
47
Altruism
(Noun) Selflessness; generosity; devotion to the interest of others
48
Ambience
(Noun) Atmosphere; mood; feeling
49
Ambiguous
(Adjective) Unclear in meaning; confusing; capable of being interpreted in different ways
50
Ambivalent
(Adjective) Undecided; having opposed feelings simultaneously Susan felt ambivalent about Alex as a boyfriend. Her frequent desire to break up with him reflected this ambivalence.
51
Ameliorate
(Verb) To make better or more tolerable
52
Amenable
(Adjective) Obedient; willing to give in to the wishes of another; agreeable The plumber was amenable to my paying my bill with jellybeans, which was lucky, because I had more jellybeans than money
53
Amenity
(Noun) Pleasantness; attractive or comfortable feature Those little bars of soap and bottles of shampoo found in hotel rooms are known in the hotel business as amenities.
54
Amiable
(Adjective) Friendly; agreeable
55
Amnesty
(Noun) An official pardon for a group of people who have violated a law or policy • Amnesty comes from the same root as amnesia. An amnesty is an official forgetting. When a state government declares a tax amnesty, it is saying that if people pay the taxes they owe, the government will officially "forget" that they broke the law by not paying them in the first place
56
Amoral
(Adjective) Lacking a sense of right and wrong; neither good nor bad, neither moral nor immoral; without moral feelings • A moral person does right; an immoral person does wrong; an amoral person simply does.
57
Amorous
(Adjective) Feeling loving, especially in a sexual sense; in love; relating to love
58
Amorphus
(Adjective) Shapeless; without a regular or stable shape; bloblike
59
Anachronism
(Noun) Something out of place in time or history; an incongruity
60
Analogy
(Noun) A comparison of one thing to another; similarity
61
Anarchy
(Noun) absence of government or control; lawlessness; disorder • The words anarchy and monarchy are closely related. Anarchy means no leader; monarchy, a government headed by a king, means 1 leader
62
Anecdote
(Noun) A short account of a humorous or revealing incident • to say that the evidence of life on other planets is anecdotal is to say that we haven't captured any aliens, but simply heard a lot of stories from people who claimed to have been kidnapped by flying saucers
63
Anguish
(Noun) Agonizing physical or mental pain
64
Animosity
(Noun) Resentment; hostility; ill will
65
Anomaly
(Noun) An aberration; an irregularity; a deviation
66
Antecedent
(Noun) Someone or something that went before; something that provides a model for something that came after it The horse-drawn wagon is an antecedent of the modern automobile • antecedent can also be used as an adjective. The oil lamp was antecedent to the light bulb
67
Antipathy
(Noun) Firm dislike; a dislike • antipathies are the things that one doesn't like
68
Antithesis
(Noun) The direct opposite
69
Apartheid
(Noun) The former policy of racial segregation and oppression in the Republic of South Africa
70
Apathy
(Noun) Lack of interest; lack of feeling
71
Aphorism
(Noun) A brief, often witty saying; a proverb • Benjamin Franklin was fond of aphorisms
72
Apocalypse
(Noun) A prophetic revelation, especially one concerning the end of the world
73
Apocryphal
(Adjective) Of dubious authenticity; fictitious; spurious • The Apocrypha are a number of "extra" books of the Old Testament that Protestants and Jews don't include in their Bibles because they don't think they are authentic
74
Apotheosis
(Noun) Elevation to divine status; the perfect example of something
75
Appease
(Verb) To sooth; to pacify by giving in to
76
Appreciate
(Verb) To increase in value • The opposite of appreciate is depreciate
77
Apprehensive
(Adjective) Worried; anxious • A misapprehension is a misunderstanding
78
Approbation
(Noun) Approval; praise • approbation is a fancy word for approval, to which it is closely related. Disapprobation is disapproval.
79
Appropriate
(Verb) To take without permission; to set aside for a particular use * when an elected official takes money that was supposed to be spent on submarines and spends it on a few mink coats, he is said to have misappropriated the money * when the government decides to build a highway through your backyard, it expropriated your property for this purpose. That is, it uses its official authority to take possession of your property.
80
Aptitude
(For now) Capacity for learning; natural ability
81
Arbiter
(Noun) One who decides; a judge
82
Arbitrary
(Adjective) Random; capricious
83
Arcane
(Adjective) Mysterious; known only to a select few The rites of the secret cult were arcane; no one outside the cult knew what they were
84
Archaic
(Adjective) Extremely old; ancient; outdated
85
Archetype
(Noun) An original model or pattern • An archetype is similar to a prototype. A prototype is a first, tentative model that is made but that will be improved in later versions. An archetype is usually something that precedes something else. Plato is the archetype of all philosophers
86
Ardent
(Adjective) Passionate; enthusiastic • to be ardent is to have ardor The young lovers were oblivious to everything except their ardor for each other
87
Arduous
(Adjective) Hard; difficult
88
Aristocratic
(Adjective) Of noble birth; snobbish
89
Artful
(Adjective) Crafty; wiley; sly • someone who is artless, on the other hand, is simple and honest. Young children are charmingly artless.
90
Artifice
(Noun) A clever trick; cunning The Trojan horse was an artifice designed to get the soldiers inside the walls • artifice and artificial are related words
91
Ascendancy
(Noun) Supremacy; domination
92
Ascetic
(Adjective) Hermit-like; practicing self-denial • ascetic can also be a noun. A personal who leads an ascetic existence is in ascetic. An ascetic is someone who practices asceticism
93
Assiduous
(Adjective) Hard-working; busy; quite diligent
94
Assimilate
(Verb) To take in; to absorb; to learn thoroughly
95
Assuage
(Verb) To soothe; to pacify; to ease the pain of; to relieve
96
Astute
(Adjective) Shrewd; keen in judgment
97
Atheist
(Noun) one who does not believe in the existence of any God or divine being
98
Attrition
(Noun) Gradual wearing away, weakening, or loss; a natural or expected decrease in numbers or size
99
Audacity
(Noun) Boldness; reckless daring; impertinence
100
Augment
(Verb) To make bigger; to add to; to increase
101
Auspicious
(Adjective) Favorable; promising; pointing to a good result A clear sky in the morning is an auspicious sign on the day of a picnic
102
Austere
(Adjective) Unadorned; stern; forbidding; without excess The Smith's house was austere; there was no furniture in it, and there was nothing hanging on the walls • The noun austerity is generally used to mean roughly the same thing as poverty. To live in austerity is to live without comforts
103
Autocratic
(Adjective) Ruling with absolute authority; extremely bossy • an autocrat is an absolute ruler. Autocracy, a system of government headed by an autocrat, is not democratic-the people don't get a say
104
Autonomous
(Adjective) Acting independently
105
Avarice
(Noun) Greed; excessive love of riches • avarice is the opposite of generosity or philanthropy
106
Avow
(Verb) To claim; to declare boldly; to admit * to avow something is to declare or admit something that most people are reluctant to declare or admit * to disavow is to deny or repudiate someone else's claim
107
Avuncular
(Adjective) Like an uncle, especially a nice uncle
108
Awry
(Adjective) Off course; twisted to one side
109
Axiom
(Noun) A self-evident rule or truth; a widely accepted saying • An axiom in geometry is a rule that doesn't have to be proved because its truth is accepted as obvious
110
Banal
(Adjective) Unoriginal; ordinary
111
Bane
(Noun) Poisonous; torment; cause of harm * bane means poison (Wolfbane is a kind of poisonous plant), but the word is usually used figuratively. To say that someone is the bane of your existence is to say that the person poisons your enjoyment of life * Baneful means harmful
112
Bastion
(Noun) Stronghold; fortress; fortified place mrs. Garnett's classroom is a bastion of banality; that is, it is a place where originality seldom, if ever, makes its way inside
113
Beget
(Verb) To give birth to; to create; to lead to; to cause Those who lie should be creative and have good memories, since one lie often begets another lie, which begets another.
114
Belabor
(Verb) To go over repeatedly or to an absurd extent Mr. Irving spent the entire period belaboring the obvious; he made the saying dumb observation over and over again.
115
Beleaguer
(Verb) To surround; to besiege; to harass No one could leave the beleaguered city; the attacking army had closed off all the exits.
116
Belie
(Verb) To give a false impression of; to contradict Melvin's smile belied the grief he was feeling; despite his happy expression he was terribly sad inside.
117
Belittle
(Verb) To make to seem a little; to put someone down
118
Belligerent
(Adjective) Combative; quarrelsome; waging war Al was so belligerent that the party had the feel of a boxing match
119
Bemused
(Adjective) Confused; bewildered The two stood bemused in the middle of the parking lot at Disneyland, trying to remember where they had parked their car • to muse is to think about or ponder things. To be bemused, then, is to have been thinking about things to the point of confusion.
120
Benefactor
(Noun) One who provides help, especially in the form of a gift or donation
121
Benevolent
(Adjective) Generous; kind; doing good deeds
122
Benign
(Adjective) Gentle; not harmful; kind; mild
123
Bequest
(Noun) Something left to someone in a will • to leave something to someone in a will is to bequeath it. A bequest is something that has been bequeathed.
124
Bereaved
(Adjective) Deprived or left desolate, especially through death The new widow was still bereaved when we saw her. Every time anyone mentioned her husband's name, she burst into tears
125
Beset
(Verb) To harass; to surround The bereaved widow was beset by grief Problems with beset the expedition almost from the beginning, and the mountain climbers soon returned to their base camp.
126
Blasphemy
(Noun) Irreverence; an insult to something held sacred; profanity • in the strictest sense, to commit blasphemy is to say nasty, insulting things about God. The word is used more broadly, though, to cover a wide range of nasty, insulting comments.
127
Blatant
(Adjective) Unpleasantly or offensively noisy; glaring • blatant is often confused with flagrant, since both words mean glaring. Blatant indicates that something was not concealed very well, whereas flagrant indicates that something was intentional. A blatant act is usually also a flagrant one, but a flagrant act is not necessarily blatant.
128
Blight
(Noun) A disease in plants; anything that injures or destroys
129
Blithe
(Adjective) Carefree; cheerful The children playing next to the hazardous-waste dump were blithely unaware that they were doing something dangerous. • to be blithely ignorant is to be happily unaware.
130
Bourgeois
(Adjective) Middle-class, usually in a pejorative sense; boringly conventional • The original bourgeoisie were simply people who lived in cities, an innovation at the time. They weren't farmers and they weren't nobles. They were members of a new class-the middle class. Now, the word is used mostly in making fun of or sneering at people who seem to think about nothing but their possessions and other comforts and about conforming with other people who share those concerns.
131
Bovine
(Adjective) Cow related; cowlike • there are a number of similar words based on other animals: ``` Canine = dogs Equine = horses Feline = cats Piscine = Fish Porcine = pigs Ursine = bears ```
132
Brevity
(Noun) Briefness
133
Broach
(Verb) To open up a subject for discussion, often a delicate subject
134
Bucolic (byoo KAHL ik)
(Adjective) Charmingly rural; rustic; countrylike
135
Bureaucracy
(Noun) A system of government administration consisting of numerous bureaus or offices, especially one run according to inflexible and inefficient rules; any large administrative system characterized by inefficiency, lots of rules, and red tape
136
Burgeon
(Verb) To expand; to flourish The burgeoning weeds in our yard soon overwhelmed the grass.
137
Burlesque
(Noun) A ludicrous, mocking, lewd imitation Vaudeville actors frequently performed burlesque works on the stage • burlesque, parody, lampoon, and caricature share similar meanings.
138
Cacophony
(Noun) Harsh-sounding mixture of words, voices, or sounds The parade's 2 marching bands played simultaneously; the resulting cacophony drove many spectators to tears. * A cacophony is not just a lot of noise. It is a lot of noise that doesn't sound good together. * euphony is the opposite of cacophony. Euphony is pleasing sound.
139
Cadence
(Noun) Rhythm; the rise and fall of sounds We wished the tone of Bob's words would have a more pleasing cadence, but he spoke in a dull monotone.
140
Cajole
(Verb) To persuade someone to do something he or she does not want to do I did not want to give the speech, but Peter cajoled me into doing it by telling me what a good speaker I am.
141
Callow
(Adjective) Immature The patient was alarmed by the callowness of the medical staff. The doctors looked too young to have graduated from high school, much less from medical school. • to be callow is to be youthfully naïve, inexperienced, and unsophisticated.
142
Candor
(Noun) Truthfulness; sincere honesty • to show candor is to be candid. To be candid is to speak frankly.
143
Capitalism
(Noun) An economic system in which businesses are owned by private citizens (not by the government) and in which the resulting products and services are sold with relatively little government control
144
Capitulate
(Verb) To surrender; to give up or give in On the 20th day of the strike, the workers capitulated and went back to work without a new contract. • to recapitulate is not to capitulate again. To recapitulate is to summarize.
145
Capricious
(Adjective) Unpredictable; likely to change at any moment • A caprice is a whim.
146
Caricature
(Noun) A portrait or description that is purposely distorted or exaggerated, often to prove some point about its subject • caricature can also be used as a verb
147
Castigate
(Verb) To criticize severely; to chastise Joe's mother-in-law castigated him for forgetting to pick her up at the airport
148
Catalyst
(Noun) In chemistry, something that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed; anyone or anything that makes something happen without being directly involved in it
149
Categorical
(Adjective) Unconditional; absolute • A categorical denial is one without exceptions - it covers every category. Crooked politicians often make categorical denials of various charges against them. Then they go to jail.
150
Catharsis
(Noun) Purification that brings emotional relief or renewal • to someone with psychological problems, talking to a psychiatrist can lead to a catharsis.
151
catholic
(Adjective) Universal; embracing everything Leonardo da Vinci was a catholic genius who excelled at everything he did. * parochial means narrow-minded, so parochial and catholic are almost opposites. * catholic with a small c means universal. Catholic with a large C means Roman Catholic or pertaining to an ancient, undivided Christian church.
152
Caustic
(Adjective) Like acid; corrosive • caustic can be used figuratively. A caustic comment is one that is so nasty or insulting that it seems to sting or burn the person to whom it is directed.
153
Celibacy
(Noun) Abstinence from sex
154
Censure
(Verb) to condemn severely for doing something bad * censure can also be a noun * A Senate that made a habit of censuring senators might be said to be censorious. To be censorious is to be highly critical - to do a lot of censuring.
155
Cerebral
(Adjective) Brainy; intellectually refined * your cerebrum is the biggest part of your brain. To be cerebral is to do and care about things that really smart people do and care about. * A cerebral discussion is one that is filled with big words and concerns abstruse matters that ordinary people can't understand.
156
Chagrin
(Noun) Humiliation; embarrassed disappointment Much to my chagrin, I began to giggle during the eulogy at the funeral. • The word chagrin is sometimes used incorrectly to mean surprise.
157
Charisma
(Noun) A magical-seeming ability to attract followers or inspire loyalty
158
Charlatan
(Noun) Fraud; quack; con man
159
Chasm
(Noun) A deep, gaping hole; a gorge
160
Chastise
(Verb) To inflict punishment on; to discipline
161
Chicanery (shi KAY nuh ree)
(Noun) Trickery; deceitfulness; artifice, especially legal or political Political news would be dull were it not for the chicanery of our elected officials
162
Chimera
(Noun) An illusion; a foolish fancy Joe's dream of becoming a movie star was just a chimera
163
Choleric
(Adjective) Hot-tempered; quick to anger The choleric watchdog would sink his teeth into anyone who came within walking distance of his doghouse.
164
Chronic
(Adjective) Constant; lasting a long time; inveterate • chronic is usually associated with something negative or undesirable: chronic illness, chronic failure, chronic depression. A chronic disease is one that lingers for a long time, doesn't go away, or keeps coming back. The opposite of a chronic disease is an acute disease. An acute disease is one that comes and goes very quickly. It may be severe, but it doesn't last forever.
165
Chronicle
(Noun) A record of events in order of time; a history • chronology and chronicle are nearly synonymous: both provide a chronological list of events. Chronological means in order of time.
166
Circuitous (sur KYOO uh tus)
(Adjective) Roundabout; not following a direct path The circuitous bus route between the two cities went here, there, and everywhere, and it took an extremely long time to get anywhere. • A circuitous argument is one that rambles around for quite a while before making its point. A circuitous argument is very similar to a circular argument, which is one that ends up where it begins or attempt to prove something without offering any new information. To say, "straight means not curved, and curved means not straight," is to give a circular, or tautological, definition of the word straight.
167
Circumlocution
(Noun) An indirect expression; use of wordy or evasive language The lawyer's circumlocution left everyone in the court room wondering what had been said. • to use a lot of big, vague words and to speak in a dis-organized way is to be circumlocutory.
168
Circumscribe
(Verb) to draw a line around; to set the limits; to define; to restrict The Constitution clearly circumscribes the restrictions that can be placed on our personal freedoms.
169
Circumspect
(Adjective) Cautious As a public speaker, Nick was extremely circumspect; he always took great care not to say the wrong thing or give offense. • The word circumspect comes from Greek roots meaning around and look (as do the words circle and inspect). To be circumspect is to look around carefully before doing something.
170
Civil
(Adjective) Polite; civilized; courteous • The word civil also has other meanings. Civil rights are rights established by law. Civil service is government service.
171
Clemency
(Noun) Mercy; forgiveness; mildness The governor committed an act of clemency when he released all the convicts from the State penitentiary. • mild weather is called clement weather; bad weather is called inclement.
172
Cliché
(Noun) An overused saying or idea • clichés are usually true. That's why they've been repeated often enough to become overused. But they are boring.
173
Clique (Kleek)
(Noun) An exclusive group bound together by some shared quality or interest The high school newspaper staff was a real clique; they all hung out together and wouldn't talk to anyone else. It was hard to have fun at that school if you were not a member of the right clique. The cheerleaders were cliquish as well.
174
Coalesce (koh uh LES)
(Verb) To come together as one; to fuse; to unite The people in our neighborhood coalesced into a powerful force for change in the community. The southern coalition in Congress is the group of representatives from Southern states who often vote the same way. • A coalition is a group of people that has come together for some purpose, often a political one.
175
Coerce
(Verb) To force someone to do or not to do something • The noun is coercion
176
Cogent
(Adjective) Powerfully convincing The lawyer's argument on his clients behalf was not cogent, so the jury convicted his client. The jury was persuaded by the cogency of the prosecuting attorney's argument.
177
Cognitive
(Adjective) Dealing with how we know the world around us through our senses; mental • Cognition is knowing.
178
Cognizant
(Adjective) Aware; conscious To be cognizant of your responsibilities is to know what your responsibilities are.
179
Coherent
(Adjective) Holding together; making sense • A coherent wad of cotton balls is one that holds together. A coherent explanation is an explanation that makes sense; the explanation holds together. To hold together is to cohere.
180
Colloquial (kul OH kwee ul)
(Adjective) Conversational; informal in language A writer with a colloquial style is a writer who uses ordinary words and whose writing seems as informal as common speech. • A colloquy (KAHL uh kwee) is a conversation or conference.
181
Collusion (kuh LOO zhun)
(Noun) Conspiracy; secret cooperation There was collusion among the owners of the baseball teams; they agreed secretly not to sign any expensive free agents. • To collude is to conspire.
182
Commensurate (kuh MEN sur it)
(Adjective) Equal; proportionate Ryan's salary is commensurate with his ability; like his ability, his salary is small.
183
Compelling
(Adjective) Forceful; causing to yield * To compel someone to do something is to force him to do it. * The noun is compulsion, which also means an irresistible impulse to do something irrational
184
Compendium
(Noun) A summary; an abridgment A yearbook often contains a compendium of the offenses, achievements, and future plans of the senior class.
185
Complacent
(Adjective) Self-satisfied; overly pleased with oneself; contented to a fault To fall into complacency is to become comfortably uncaring about the world around you.
186
Complement
(Verb) To complete or fill up; to be the perfect counterpart The flower arrangement complemented the table decorations. Complement can also be a noun.
187
Complicity
(Noun) Participation in wrongdoing; the act of being an accomplice Complicity among the students made it impossible to find out which of them had pulled the fire alarm.
188
Comprehensive
(Adjective) Covering or including everything The insurance policy was comprehensive; it covered all possible losses A comprehensive examination is one that covers everything in the course or in a particular field of knowledge.
189
Comprise
(Verb) to consist of A football team comprises 11 players on offense and 11 players on defense. A company comprises employees. This word is often misused. Be careful. Players do not "comprise" a football team, and employees do not "comprise" a company. Nor can a football team be said to be "comprised of" players, or a company to be "comprised of" employees. These are common mistakes. Instead, you can say that players constitute or compose a team, and that employees constitute or compose a company.
190
Conciliatory
(Adjective) Making peace; attempting to resolve a dispute through goodwill To be conciliatory is to kiss and make up. When peace has been made, we say that the warring parties have comes to a reconciliation. To reconcile is to bring two things into agreement. The accountant managed to reconcile the company books with the cash on hand only with great creativity
191
Concise
(Adjective) Brief and to the point; succinct To be concise is to say much with a few words. A concise speaker is one who speaks concisely or with concision.
192
Concorde
(Noun) Harmony; agreement Nations that live in concord are nations that live together in peace. Discord is the opposite of concord. A faculty meeting where everyone yelled at one another would be a faculty meeting marked by discord. It would be a discordant meeting. An accord is a formal agreement, usually reached after a dispute.
193
Concurrent
(Adjective) Happening at the same time; parallel The criminal was sentenced to do concurrent 15-year sentences; the sentences will run at the same time, and he will be out of jail in 15 years. To concur means to agree The assistant wanted to keep his job, so she always concurred with her boss.
194
Condescend
(Verb) To stoop to someone else's level, usually in an offensive way; to patronize I was surprised that the president of the company had condescended to talk with me, a mere temporary employee.
195
Condone
(Verb) To overlook; to permit to happen The principal condoned smoking in the bathroom; he simply ignored it
196
Conducive
(Adjective) Promoting The foul weather was not conducive to our having a picnic.
197
Confluence
(Noun) A flowing together, especially of rivers; the place where they begin to flow together The confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers is at St. Louis; that is the place where they join together. A confluence of many factors (no ice, bad food, terrible music) made it inevitable that the party would be terrible.
198
Congenial
(Adjective) Agreeably suitable; pleasant When people get along together at a restaurant, they are being congenial. Genial and congenial share similar meanings. Genial means pleasing, kind, sympathetic, or helpful. You can be pleased by a genial manner or by a genial climate.
199
Congenital
(Adjective) Describing a trait or condition acquired between conception and birth; innate A congenital birth defect is one that is present at birth but was not caused by one's genes.
200
Congregate
(Verb) To come together Protesters were granted permission to congregate peacefully on the plaza. The noun firm is congregation and can refer to the membership of a house of worship. Aggregate also has to do with coming together.
201
Conjecture
(Verb) To guess; to deduce or infer on slight evidence If forced to conjecture, I would say the volcano will erupt in 24 hours. Conjecture can also be a noun
202
Conjure
(Verb) To summon or bring into being as if by magic The wizard conjured an evil spirit by mumbling some magic words and throwing a little powdered eye of newt into the fire
203
Connoisseur (kahn uh SUR)
(Noun) An expert, particularly in matters of art or taste The meal was exquisite enough to impress a connoisseur
204
Consecrate
(Verb) To make or declare sacred The priest consecrated the building by sprinkling holy water on it. The opposite of consecrate is desecrate, which means to treat irreverently. The Vandals desecrated the cemetery by knocking down all the tombstones.
205
Consensus
(Noun) Unanimity or general agreement When there is a consensus, everybody feels the same way. Contrary to how the word is often used, consensus implies more than just a rough agreement or a majority opinion. Election results don't reflect a consensus unless everyone or nearly everyone votes for the same candidate.
206
Consonant
(Adjective) Harmonious; in agreement Our desires were consonant with theirs; we all wanted the same thing. The opposite of consonant is dissonant, which means inharmonious. Dissonant voices are voices that don't sound good together
207
Construe
(verb) To interpret Bob construed his contract as giving him the right to do anything he wanted. The meaning of the poem, as I construed it, had to do with the love of a man for his dog. To misconstrue is to misinterpret.
208
Consummate (kun SUM it)
(Adjective) Perfect; complete; supremely skillful A consummate pianist is an extremely good one. Nothing is lacking in the way he plays. Consummate (KAHN suh mayt) is also a verb. Notice the different pronunciation. To consummate something is to finish it or make it complete. Signing a contract would consummate an agreement.
209
Contentious
(adjective) Argumentative; quarrelsome Beth figured that her contentious style would make her a perfect litigator; after law school, however, they would-be trial attorney discovered that passing the bar requires more than a will to argue.
210
Contiguous
(Adjective) Side-by-side; adjoining Two countries that share a border are contiguous; so are two events that happened one right after the other.
211
Contingent
(Adjective) Dependent; possible Our agreement to buy their house is contingent upon the seller finding another house to move into. That is, they will not sell their house to us unless they can find another house to buy. A contingency is a possibility or something that may happen but is at least as likely not to happen.
212
Contrite
(Adjective) Admitting guilt; especially feeling remorseful To be contrite is to admit whatever terrible thing you did. Becky was contrite about her mistake, so we forgave her. A criminal who won't confess his crime is not contrite. Saying that you are sorry is an act of contrition.
213
Contrived
(Adjective) Artificial; labored Sam's acting was contrived: no one in the audience believed his character or enjoyed his performance. The artist was widely admired for her originality, but her paintings seemed contrived to me. A contrivance is a mechanical device, usually something rigged up.
214
Conventional
(Adjective) Common; customary; unexceptional Tipping the waiter in a restaurant is a conventional courtesy. Conventional wisdom is what everyone thinks.
215
Convivial
(Adjective) Fond of partying; festive A convivial gathering is one in which the people present enjoy eating, drinking, and being together. To be convivial is to be an eager but generally well-behaved party animal
216
Copious
(Adjective) abundant; plentiful Matt had a copious supply of nails in his workshop. Everywhere you stepped, it seemed, there was a pile of nails.
217
Corollary
(Noun) Something that follows; a natural consequence In mathematics, a corollary is a law that can be deduced without further proof from a law that has already been proven. Bloodshed and death are corollaries of any declaration of war.
218
Corroborate
(Verb) To confirm; to back up with evidence The police could find no evidence of theft and thus could not corroborate Greg's claim that he had been robbed.
219
Cosmopolitan
(Adjective) At home in many places or situations; internationally sophisticated A truly cosmopolitan traveler never feels like a foreigner anywhere on earth. New York is a cosmopolitan city; you can hear nearly every language spoken there
220
Countenance
(Noun) Face; facial expression, especially an encouraging one Ed's harsh words belief his countenance, which was kind and encouraging. Countenance can also be a verb. To countenance something is to condone it or tolerate it
221
Coup
(Noun) A brilliant victory or accomplishment; the violent overthrow of a government by a small internal group Winning a gold-medal at the Olympics was a real coup for the 50-year-old man. In the attempted coup in the Philippines, some army officers tried to take over the government. The full name for this type of coup is coup d'état. A coup de grace is a final blow or a concluding event.
222
Covenant
(Noun) A solemn agreement; a contract; a pledge We signed a covenant never to drive our father's car without permission again.
223
Covert
(Adjective) Secret; hidden To be covert is to be covered Covert activities are secret activities. The opposite of covert is overt. Overt means open or unconcealed
224
Covet
(Verb) To wish for enviously To covet thy neighbors wife is to want thy neighbor's wife for thyself To be covetous is to be envious
225
Credulous
(Adjective) Eager to believe; gullible The credulous housewife believed that she had win a million dollars through an email scam. Credulous should not be confused with credible. To be credible is to be believable. Almost anything, however incredible, is credible to a credulous person. A story that cannot be believed is incredible. If you don't believe that story someone just told you, you are incredulous. If something is credible, it may gain credence, which means belief or intellectual acceptance. Another similar word is creditable, which means worthy of credit or praise
226
Criterion
(Noun) Standard; basis for judgment In choosing among the linemen, the most important criterion was quickness.
227
Cryptic
(Adjective) Mysterious; mystifying Julie's remarks were cryptic; Jerry was baffled by what she said.
228
Culinary
(Adjective) Relating to cooking or the kitchen
229
Culminate
(Verb) To climax; to reach full effect Jills years of practice culminated in a great victory at the international juggling championship. The masquerade ball was the culmination of our fund-raising efforts.
230
Culpable
(Adjective) Deserving blame; guilty
231
Cursory
(Adjective) Hasty; superficial To give a book a cursory reading is to skim it quickly without comprehending much.
232
Curtail (kur TAYL)
(Verb) To shorten; to cut short
233
Cynic
(Noun) One who deeply distressed human nature; one who believes humans are motivated only by selfishness When the popstar give $1 million to the museum, cynics said he was merely trying to buy himself a reputation as a cultured person.
234
Daunt
(Verb) To make fearful; to intimidate The steepness of the mountain daunted the team of amateur climbers, because they had not realized what they were in for. To be dauntless or undaunted is to be fearless or unintimidated.
235
Dearth
(Noun) Lack; scarcity When there is a dearth of food, many people may starve.
236
Debacle (di BAHK ul)
(Noun) Violent breakdown; sudden overthrow; overwhelming defeat A political debate would become a debacle if the candidates began screaming and throwing dinner rolls at each other
237
Debauchery (di BAW chuh ree)
(Noun) Wild living; excessive intemperance To debauch is to seduce or corrupt. Someone who is debauched has been seduced or corrupted.
238
Debilitate
(Verb) To weaken; to cripple The football player's career was ended by a debilitating injury to his knee. To become debilitated is to suffer a debility, which is the opposite of an ability
239
Decadent
(Adjective) Decaying or decayed, especially in terms of morals A person who engages in decadent behavior is a person whose morals have decayed or fallen into ruin.
240
Decimate
(Verb) To kill or destroy a large part of
241
Decorous (DEK ur us)
(Adjective) Proper; in good taste; orderly Decorous behavior is good, polite, orderly behavior. To behave decorously is to behave with decorum.
242
Deduce
(Verb) To conclude from the evidence; to infer To deduce something is to conclude it without being told it directly. From the footprints on the ground, Clarice deduced that the criminal had feet.
243
Defame
(Verb) To libel or slander; to ruin the good name of To defame someone is to make accusations that harm the person's reputation. To defame is to take away fame, to take away a good name. To suffer such a loss of reputation is to suffer defamation.
244
Deference
(Noun) Submission to another's will; respect; courtesy To show deference to another is to place that person's wishes ahead of your own. To show deference is also to be deferential
245
Definitive
(Adjective) Conclusive; providing the last word
246
Degenerate
(Verb) To breakdown; to deteriorate A person whose behavior has degenerated can be referred to as a degenerate Degenerate could also be an adjective, meaning degenerated.
247
Deleterious
(Adjective) Harmful
248
Delineate
(Verb) To describe accurately; to draw an outline After Jack had delineated his plan, we had no doubt about what he intended to do. The portrait artist delineated Sarah's features then filled in the shading.
249
Delude
(Verb) To deceive The ConMan deluded us into thinking that he would make us rich. To be deluded is to suffer from a delusion.
250
Deluge (DEL yooj)
(Noun) A flood; an inundation A deluge is a flood, but the word is often used figuratively.
251
Demagogue
(Noun) A leader who uses prejudice to get more power A demagogue is a leader, but not in a good sense of the word. She manipulates the public to support her aims, but she is little different from a dictator. A demagogue is often a despot. The methods a demagogue uses are demagoguery or demagogy.
252
Denizen
(Noun) Inhabitant To be a denizen of a country is to live there. A citizen of a country is usually also a denizen. To be a denizen of a restaurant is to go there often, so often that people begin to wonder whether you live there.
253
Depravity
(Noun) Extreme wickedness or corruption The teacher wondered whether the depravity of her class of eight-year-olds was the result of their watching Saturday morning television. To exhibit depravity is to be depraved.
254
Deprecate
(Verb) To express disapproval of To deprecate a colleague's work is to risk making yourself unwelcome in your colleague's office. The critic's deprecating comments about my new novel put me in a bad mood. To be self-deprecating is to belittle one's own efforts.
255
Deride
(Verb) To ridicule; to laugh at contemptuously The boss derided her secretary mercilessly, so she quit her job.
256
Derogatory
(Adjective) Disapproving; degrading Derogatory remarks are negative remarks expressing disapproval. They are nastier than merely critical remarks.
257
Desiccate
(Verb) To dry out Plums become prunes through a process of desiccation.
258
Despondent
(Adjective) Extremely depressed; full of despair The team fell into despondency after losing the state championship game by a single point.
259
Despot
(Noun) An absolute ruler; an autocrat The island kingdom was ruled by a ruthless despot who executed suspected rebels at noon each day in the village Square
260
Destitute
(Adjective) Extremely poor; utterly lacking Destitute people are people without money or possessions, or with very little money and very few possessions. To be left destitute is to be left without money or property. The word can also be used figuratively. A teacher might accuse her students of being intellectually destitute.
261
Desultory (DES ul tor ee)
(Adjective) Without a plan or purpose; disconnected; random Bob made a few desultory attempts to start a garden, but nothing came of them. The discussion at our meeting was desultory; no one's comments seemed to bear any relation to anyone else's.
262
Dexterous
(Adjective) Skillful; adroit Dexterous often, but not always, connotes physical ability. Like adroit, it comes from the Latin word for right because right-handed people were once considered physically and mentally superior. The word can also be spelled dexterous. Dexterity is the noun form. For an antonym, see gauche.
263
Dialectical
(Adjective) Relating to discussions; relating to the rules and methods of reasoning; approaching truth in the middle of opposing extremes The game of 20 questions is dialectical, in that the participants attempt to narrow down a chosen object by asking a series of ever more specific questions The noun is dialectic.
264
Dictum
(Noun) An authoritative saying; an adage; a maxim; a proverb "No pain, no gain" is a hackneyed dictum of sadistic coaches everywhere.
265
Didactic
(Adjective) Intended to teach; morally instructive; pedantic The priest was always didactic. He never said anything that was not intended to teach a lesson.
266
Diffident
(Adjective) Timid; lacking in self-confidence Diffident and confident are opposites. The diffident student never made a single comment in class.
267
Digress
(Verb) To stray from the main subject Speaking metaphorically, to digress is to leave the main highway in order to travel aimlessly on back roads.. When a speaker digresses, she departs from the main topic and tells a story only distantly related to it. Such a story is called a digression.
268
Dilettante (DIL uh tahnt)
(Noun) Someone with superficial knowledge of the arts; an amateur; a dabbler To be a dilettante is to dabble in something rather than doing it in a serious way. Becky said she was an artist, but she was merely a dilettante; she did not know a pencil from a paintbrush.
269
Discern
(Verb) To have insight; to see things clearly; to discriminate; to differentiate To discern something is to perceive it clearly. A writer whose work demonstrates discernment is a writer who is a keen observer.
270
Discreet
(Adjective) Prudent; judiciously reserved To make discreet inquiries is to ask around without letting the whole world know you are doing it. He had discretion. To be indiscreet is to be imprudent and especially to say or do things you should not.
271
Discrete
(Adjective) Unconnected; separate; distinct Do not confuse discrete with discreet. The drop in the stock market was not the result of any single force but of many discrete trends. When things are all jumbled up together, they are said to be indiscrete, which means not separated or sorted.
272
Discriminate
(Verb) To notice or point out the difference between two or more things; to discern; to differentiate A person with a refined aesthetic sense is able to discriminate subtle differences where a less observant person would see nothing. Such a person is discriminating. This kind of discrimination is a good thing. To discriminate unfairly, though, is to dwell on differences that should not make a difference. It is unfair, and illegal, to discriminate between black people and white people in selling a house. Such a practice is not discriminating, but discriminatory. Indiscriminate means not discriminating; in other words random or haphazard.
273
Disdain
(Noun) Arrogant scorn; contempt The snobbish millionaire looked upon the poor workers with evident disdain. Distain can also be a verb.
274
Disinterested
(Adjective) Not taking sides; unbiased Disinterested should not be used to mean uninterested. If you do not care about something, you are uninterested, not disinterested. A referee should be disinterested. He should not be rooting for one of the competing teams.
275
Disparage
(Verb) To belittle; to say uncomplementary things about, usually in a somewhat indirect way My guidance counselor disparaged my high school record by telling me that not everybody belongs in college.
276
Disparate
(Adjective) Different; incompatible; unequal Our interests were disparate: Cathy liked to play with dolls, and I liked to throw her dolls out the window. The noun form of disparate is disparity. Disparity means inequality. The opposite of disparity is parity.
277
Disseminate
(Verb) To spread the seeds of something; to scatter; to make widely known News is disseminated through many media: Internet, radio, television, newspapers, magazines, and gossips.
278
Dissipate
(Verb) To thin out, drift away, or dissolve; to cause to thin out, drift away, or dissolve; to waste or squander The smoke dissipated as soon as we open the windows. The police dissipated the riotous crowd by spraying the demonstrators with fire hoses and firing rubber bullets. Cathy won the weekly lottery but dissipated the entire winnings in one abandoned, fun-filled weekend. We can also say that a person is dissipated, by which we mean that she indulges in wild living. Cathy is dissipated.
279
Distend
(Verb) To swell; to extend a great deal A distended belly is one symptom of malnutrition. A swelling is a distention.
280
Distinguish
(Verb) To tell apart; to cause to stand out The rodent expert's eyesight was so acute that he was able to distinguish between a shrew and a vole at more than 1000 paces.
281
Docile
(Adjective) Easily taught; obedient; easy to handle The baby raccoons appeared docile at first, but they proved almost impossible to control.
282
Doctrinaire
(Adjective) Inflexibly committed to a doctrine or theory without regard to its practicality; dogmatic A doctrinaire opponent of fluoridation of water would be someone whose opposition could not be shaken by proof that fluoride is good for teeth and not bad for anything else.
283
Dogmatic
(Adjective) Arrogantly assertive of unproven ideas; stubbornly claiming that something (often a system of beliefs) is beyond dispute A dogma is a belief. A dogmatic person, however, is stubbornly convinced of her beliefs. Ted is dogmatic on the subject of creationism. He dismisses any views inconsistent with his belief.
284
Domestic
(Adjective) Having to do with the household or family; not foreign A home that enjoys domestic tranquility is a happy home. The domestic steel industry is the steel industry in this country.
285
Dormant
(Adjective) Inactive; as though asleep; asleep Dormant, like dormitory, comes from a root meaning sleep. Many plants remain dormant through the winter; that is, they stop growing until spring.
286
Dubious
(Adjective) Full of doubt; uncertain We were dubious about the team's chance of success and, as it turned out, our dubiety was justified: the team lost. Dubious and doubtful do not mean exactly the same thing. A dubious person is a person who has doubts. A doubtful outcome is an outcome that is not certain to occur. Becky's chance of getting the job were doubtful because the employer was dubious of her claim that she had been president of United States while in high school. Something beyond doubt is indubitable. A dogmatic person believes her opinions are indubitable.
287
Duplicity
(Noun) The act of being two-faced; double-dealing; deception The duplicitous salesman sold the red sports car to someone else even though she had promised to sell it to us.
288
Ebullient (ih BUL yunt)
(Adjective) Boiling; bubbling with excitement; exuberant A boiling liquid can be called ebullient. More often, though, this word describes excited or enthusiastic people. The roaring crowd in a full stadium before the World Series might be said to be ebullient.
289
Eccentric
(Adjective) Not conventional; a little kooky; irregular Betsy's political views are eccentric: she believes that we should have kings instead of presidents and that the government should raise money by holding bake sales. An eccentric person is a person who has eccentricities.
290
Eclectic
(Adjective) Choosing the best from many sources; drawn from many sources Peter's taste in art was eclectic. He liked the Old Masters, the Impressionist panel and Walt Disney.
291
Edify
(Verb) To enlighten; to instruct, especially in moral or religious matters The teacher's goal was to edify her students, not to force a handful of facts down their throats.
292
Efface
(Verb) To erase; to rub away the features of The inscription on the tombstone had been effaced by centuries of weather. To be self-effacing is to be modest.
293
Effusion
(Noun) A pouring forth When the child was rescued from the well, there was an intense effusion of emotion from the crowd that had gathered around the hole.
294
Egalitarian
(Adjective) Believing in the social and economic equality of all people People often lose interest in egalitarian measures when such measures interfere with their own interest.
295
Egocentric
(Adjective) Selfish; believing that one is the center of everything It never occurred to the egocentric musician that her audiences might like to hear someone else's songs every once in a while. And egotist is another type of egocentric. An egotist is an egoist who tells everyone how wonderful she is.
296
Egregious
(Adjective) Extremely bad; flagrant Save this word for things that are worse than bad. The mother's egregious neglect was responsible for her child's accidental cross-country ride on the freight train.
297
Elicit
(Verb) To bring out; to call forth The defendant try to elicit the sympathy of the jury by appearing at the trial in a wheelchair, but the jury convicted her anyway. Don't confuse this word with illicit.
298
Elliptical
(Adjective) Oval; missing a word or words; obscure This word has several meanings. The orbit of the earth is not perfectly round; it is elliptical. An elliptical statement is one that is hard or impossible to understand, either because something is missing from it or because the speaker or writer is trying to be hard to understand. The announcement from the State Department was purposely elliptical-the government did not really want reporters to know what was going on
299
Elusive
(Adjective) Hard to pin down; evasive To be elusive is to elude, which means to avoid, evade, or escape. The answer to the problem was elusive; every time the mathematician thought he was close, he discovered another error.
300
Emigrate
(Verb) To leave a country permanently; to expatriate The Soviet dissidents were persecuted by the secret police, so they sought permission to emigrate. At the heart of this word is the word migrate, which means to move from one place or country to another. Emigrate add to migrate the sense of moving out of someplace in particular. On the other end of every emigration is an immigration.
301
Eminent
(Adjective) Well-known and respected; standing out from all others in quality or accomplishment; outstanding
302
Empirical
(Adjective) Relying on experience or observation; not merely theoretical The Apple-dropping experiment gave the scientists empirical evidence that gravity exist.
303
Emulate
(Verb) To strive to equal or excel, usually through imitation The American company emulated its successful Japanese competitor but it never quite managed to do as well.
304
Encroach
(Verb) To make gradual or stealthy inroads into; to trespass My neighbor encroached on my yard by building his new stockade fence a few feet on my side of the property line.
305
Endemic
(Adjective) Native; restricted to a particular region or area You will not find that kind of tree in California; it is endemic to our part of the country.
306
Enervate
(Verb) To reduce the strength or energy of, especially to do so gradually
307
Enfranchise
(Verb) To grant the privileges of citizenship, especially the right to vote To disfranchise (or disenfranchise) someone is to take away the privileges of citizenship or to take away the right to vote.
308
Engender
(Verb) To bring into existence; to create; to cause My winning lottery ticket engendered a great deal of envy among my co-workers; they all wished that they had won.
309
Enigma
(Noun) A mystery Ben is an enigma; he never does any homework but he always gets good grades The wizard spoke in riddles and enigmas, and no one could understand what he was saying.
310
Enormity
(Noun) Extreme evil; a hideous offense; immensity Hitler's soldiers stormed through the village, committing one enormity after another. "Hugeness" or "great size" is not the main meaning of enormity. When you want to talk about the gigantic size of something, use immensity instead.
311
Ephemeral
(Adjective) Lasting a very short time
312
Epigram
(Noun) A brief and usually witty or satirical saying People often find it difficult to remember the difference between an epigram and an: Epigraph: an apt quotation placed at the beginning of a book for essay Epitaph: a commemorative inscription on a grave Epithet: a term used to characterize the nature of something; sometimes a disparaging term used to describe a person
313
Epitome
(Noun) A brief summary that captures the meaning of the whole; the perfect example of something; a paradigm Bob's freshman year was the epitome of a college experience; he made friends, joined a fraternity, and ate too much pizza.
314
Equanimity
(Noun) Composure; calm The entire apartment building was crumbling, but Rachael faced the disaster with equanimity. She ducked out of the way of a falling beam and continued searching for an exit.
315
Equitable
(Adjective) Fair
316
Equivocal
(Adjective) Ambiguous; intentionally confusing; capable of being interpreted in more than one way Joe's response was equivocal; we could not tell whether he meant yes or no, which is precisely what Joe wanted. To be equivocal is to equivocate. To equivocate is to mislead by saying confusing or ambiguous things.
317
Erudite (ER yoo dyte)
(Adjective) Scholarly; deeply learned The professor said such erudite things that none of us had the slightest idea of what he was saying. To be erudite is to possess erudition, or extensive knowledge
318
Esoteric
(Adjective) Hard to understand; understood by only a select few; peculiar The author's books were so esoteric that even his mother did not buy any of them.
319
Espouse
(Verb) To support; to advocate
320
Ethereal
(Adjective) Heavenly; as light and insubstantial as a gas or ether The ethereal music we heard turned out to be not angels plucking on their harps but the wind blowing through the slats of the metal awning.
321
Euphemism
(Noun) A pleasant or inoffensive expression used in place of an unpleasant or offensive one
322
Evanescent
(Adjective) Fleeting; vanishing; happening for only the briefest period
323
Exacerbate
(Verb) To make worse
324
Exacting
(Adjective) Extremely demanding; difficult; requiring great skill or care The exacting math teacher subtracted points if you did not show every step of your work. The surgeon's exacting task was to reconnect the patient's severed eyelid.
325
Exalt
(Verb) To raise high; to glorify The adjective exalted is used frequently. Being queen of England is an exalted occupation.
326
Exasperate
(Verb) To annoy thoroughly; to make very angry; to try the patience of The child's insistence on hopping backwards on 1 foot exasperated her mother, who was in a hurry.
327
Exemplify
(Verb) To illustrate by example; to serve as a good example An exemplar is an ideal model or a paradigm. Exemplary means outstanding or worthy of imitation.
328
Exhaustive
(Adjective) Thorough; rigorous; complete; painstaking
329
Exhort
(Verb) To urge strongly; to give a serious warning to The coach used his bullhorn to exhort us to try harder. The adjective is hortatory (HOR tuh tor ee)
330
Exigency
(Noun) An emergency; an urgency Exigent means urgent.
331
Existential
(Adjective) Having to do with existence; having to do with the body of thought called existentialism, which basically holds that human beings are responsible for their own actions but is otherwise too complicated to summarize in a single sentence This word is overused but under-understood by virtually all of the people who use it. Unless you have a very good reason for throwing it around, you should probably avoid it.
332
Exonerate
(Verb) To free completely from blame; to exculpate
333
Expatriate
(Verb) To throw (someone) out of his or her native land; to move away from one's native land; to emigrate To repatriate is to return to one's native citizenship
334
Expedient
(Adjective) Providing an immediate advantage; serving one's immediate self-interest; practical
335
Expedite
(Verb) To speed up or ease the progress of
336
Explicit
(Adjective) Clearly and directly expressed Implicit means indirectly expressed or implied.
337
Extol
(Verb) To praise highly; to laud
338
Extraneous
(Adjective) Unnecessary; irrelevant; extra To be extraneous is to be extra and always with the sense of being unnecessary.
339
Extrapolate
(Verb) To project or deduce from something known; to infer
340
Extricate
(Verb) to free from difficulty It took two days to extricate the little girl from the abandoned well into which she had fallen. Something that is permanently stuck is inextricable
341
Extrovert
(Noun) An open, outgoing person; a person whose attention is focused on others rather than on himself An introvert is a person whose attention is directed inward and who is concerned with little outside himself.
342
Exult
(Verb) To rejoice; to celebrate The team exulted in its victory at the finals. They were exultant.
343
Fabrication
(Noun) Something made up
344
Facetious
(Adjective) Humorous; not serious; clumsily humorous
345
Facile (FAS il)
(Adjective) Fluent; skillful in a superficial way; easy To say that a writer's style is facile is to say both that it is skillful and that it would be better if the writer exerted herself more. The word facile almost always contains this sense of superficiality. Becky's poems are facile rather than truly accomplished; if you read them closely, you soon realize they are filled with clichés.
346
Faction
(Noun) A group, usually a small part of a larger group, united around some cause; disagreement within an organization
347
Farcical
(Adjective) Absurd; ludicrous Farcical means like a farce, which is a mockery or a ridiculous satire.
348
Fastidious (fa STID ee us)
(Adjective) Meticulous; demanding; finicky
349
Fatalist
(Noun) Someone who believes that future events are already determined and that humans are powerless to change them Fatalist is closely related to the word fate. A fatalist is someone who believes that fate determines everything.
350
Fatuous
(Adjective) Foolish; silly; idiotic Pauline is so pretty that her suitors are often driven to fatuous acts of devotion. They are infatuated with her.
351
Fauna
(Noun) Animals
352
Fecund (FEE kund)
(Adjective) Fertile; productive The state of being fecund is fecundity