Word Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes Flashcards
a-, an-
Without; away from; not
ab-, abs-
From; away from; absent
Abdomin-, Abdomino-
Abdomen
Abort-, Aborto-
To miscarry
Acanth-, acantho-
Thorn; spine
Acous-, acoust-, acousto-
Hearing
Acro-
Extremity; top; extreme point
Actin-, Actino-
Ray; some form of radiation
ad-
Adherence; increase; toward
-ad
Toward; in the direction of
Aden-, adeno-
Gland
Adip-, Adipo-
Fat
Adren-, Adreno-, Adrenal-, Adrenalo-
Adrenal glands
-aemia
Blood
aer-, aero-
Air or gas
-aesthesia, aesthesio-, -esthesia
Sensation
Af-
Toward (like affinity)
-agogue
An agent that promotes the expulsion of a specific substance
-agra
Sudden severe pain
-al
- Relating to
2. Chemistry: Aldehyde
Albumin-, Albumino-
Albumin
-algesia, -algia
Suffering; pain
algi-
Pain
all-, allo-
Other
amb-, ambi-
Both; on both sides; around; about
amphi-, amphi-, ampho-
Both; on both sides; on all sides; double; around; about
ana-, an-
Up; against; back
Andro-
Man; male; masculine
Angi-, angio-
Blood or lymph vessel
Aniso-
Unequal; asymmetrical; dissimilar
Ankly-, ankylo-
Crooked; bent; fusion or growing together of parts
ante-
Before
antero-
Anterior; front; before
Antr-, antro-
Antrum
Apo-
From; derived from; separated from; opposed
Arch-, arche-, archi-
First; principal; beginning; original
Arteri-, arterio-
Artery
Arthr-, arthro-
Joint
-ase
Enzyme
-asis, -esis, -iasis, -isis, -sis
Condition; pathological state
astro-
Star shaped
Atelo-
Imperfect; incomplete
Ather-, Athero-
Fatty plaque
Atmo-
steam; vapor
Atreto-
Absence of an opening
Aut-, auto-
Self
Axio-
Axis; the long axis of a tooth
azot-, azoto-
Nitrogenous compounds
bacteri-, bacterio-
Bacteria; bacterium
balan-, balano-
Glans clitoridis; glans penis
bar-, baro-
Weight; pressure
basi, basio-
Base; foundation
bi-, bis-
Two; double; twice
bili-
Bile
bio-
Life
blast-, -blast
Germ; bud; embryonic state of development
blenn-, blenno-
Mucus
Blephar-, blepharo
Eyelid
Brachio-
Arm
Brachy-
Short
Brady-
Slow
Brom-, bromo-
Bromine
Bronch- bronchi-, broncho-
Airway
Bronchiol-, bronchiolo-
Bronchiole
Cac-, caci-, caco-
Bad; ill
Calc-, calco-
Calcium
Calcan-, calcaneo-
Calcaneum (heel bone)
Carcin-, carcino-
Cancer
Cardi-, cardio-
Heart
Carpo-
Carpus
Cat-, cata-, cath-, kat-, kata-
Down; downward; destructive; against; according to
Cel-, celo-
- Tumor; hernia
2. Cavity
-cele
Tumor; swelling; hernia
cent-
Hundred
Cephal-, cephalo-
Head
Cerebell-, cerebello-
Cerebellum
Cervic-, cervico-
Neck; the neck of an organ
Cheil-, cheilo-, chil-, chilo-
Lip; lips
Chir-, chiro-
Hand
Chlor-, chloro-
Green
Chol-, chole-
Bile; gall
Cholangi-, cholangio-
Bile vessel
Cholecyst-, cholecysto-
Gallbladder
Choledoch-, choledocho
Bile duct
Chondr-, chondro-
Cartilage
Chrom-, chromo-
Colour
-cide
Causing death
cine-
Movement
circum-
around
clavicul-, claviculo-
Clavicle
-cle, -cule
Little, e.g: molecule, corpuscle
cleid-, cleido-
Clavicle
co-, com-, con-
Together
Colp-, colpo-, kolp-, kolpo-
Vagina
Contra-
Against; opposite
Crani-, cranio-
Skull; cranium
cry-, cryo-
Cold
-cusia, -cusis
Hearing
cyan-, cyano-
Blue
cycl-, cyclo-
Circular, cyclical, ciliary body of the eye
cyst-, cysto-, -cyst
Cyst; urinary bladder
Cyt-, cyto-, -cyte
Cell
dacry-
Tears
Dactyl-, dactylo-
Finger; toe
de-
From; down; not
dec-, deca-
Ten
deci-
One tenth
demi-
half
dent-, denti-, dento-
teeth
derm-, derma-, dermato-, dermo-
skin
deuter-, deutero-, deuto
Second; secondary (like deuteragonist)
dextro-
Right
di-
- Double; twice; two
2. Apart from
dia-
Through; between; asunder
dipla-, diplo-
Double; twin
Dips-, dipso-
Thirst
dis-
- Double; twice
2. Negative; apart; absence of
Dors-, dorsi-, dorso-
Back (dorsal)
Duoden-, duodeno-
Duodenum
-dynia
Pain
dys-
Difficult; bad; painful
-eal
Pertaining to.
ec-, ecto-
Out; on the outside
-ectomy
excision; surgical removal
ectro-
Congenital absence of a part
ef-, es-, ex-, exo-
Out
electr
electricity
embol-, embolo-
Plug
-emesis
Vomiting
-emia
Blood; presence in blood
en-
In; into
Enantio-
Opposite
end-, endo-
Within
Ent-, ento-
Within; inside
Enter-, entero-
Intestine
ep-, epi-
Upon; over; at; in addition to; after
Episi-, episio
Vulva
Erythro-
Red
Eschar-, escharo-
Scab
esophag-
Esophagus
etio-
Causation
eu-
Well; good; healthy; normal; easy (like eupnea)
eury-
Broad
ex-
Out; away from; completely
Exo-
Out; outside of; without
Extra-
Outside of; in addition; beyond
-facient
Causing; making happen (like hemafacient)
femor-, femoro-
Thigh
-ferous
producing
ferri-, ferro-
Iron
fibro-
Fibers; fibrous tissues
fluo-
Flow
fluor-, fluoro-
Luminous; fluorescence
fore-
Before; in front of
-form
Form
-fuge
To expel; to drive away; fleeing
galact-, galacto-
Milk
gam-, gamo-
Marriage; sexual union
gaster-, gastero-, gastr-, gastro-
Stomach
gen-
Producing; forming
-gen, -gene, -genesis, -genetic, -genic
Producing; forming
glauc-, glauco-
Gray
genito-
organs of reproduction
gero-
old age
giga-
Billion
gingiv-, gingivo-
Gums (of mouth)
-globin
Protein
gloss-, glosso-
Tongue
gluc-, gluco-, glyc-, glyco-
Sugar; glycerol or similar substance
Gnath-, gnatho-
Jaw; cheek
-gog, -gogue
Make flow
gon-, gono-
Semen; seed; genitals; offspring
-gram
Tracing; mark
-graphy
Writing; record
-gravida
Pregnant
gyn-, gyne-, gyneco-, gyno-
Woman; female
Gyro-
Circle; spiral; ring
hem-, hema-, hemato-, hemo-
Blood
Hemi-
half
hepat-, hepato-
Liver
heredo-
Heredity
hetero-, hetero-
Other; different
histo-
tissue
hol-, holo-
Complete; entire; homogeneous
homeo-
Likeness; resemblance; constant; unchanging state
homo-
Same; likeness
Hydra-, hydro-, hydr-
Water
Hyo-
Hyoid bone
hyp-, hyph-, hypo-
Less than; below or under; beneath; deficient
Hyper-
Above; excessive; beyond
hypno-
sleep; hypnosis
hystero-, hystero-
uterus
-ia
Condition, especially an abnormal state
-iatric
Medicine; medical profession; physicians
-ic
Pertaining to
ichthyo-
Fish
-id
Secondary skin eruption distant from primary infection site
-ideo
mental images
idio-
Individual; distinct
ileo-
Ileum (FINAL PART OF SMALL INTESTINE)
ilio-
Ilium; flank
immun-, immuno-
Immune; immunity
In-
In; inside; within; intensive action; negative
Infra-
Below; under; beneath; inferior to; after
Inter-
Between; in the midst
Intra-, intro-
Within; in; into
Ipsi-
Same; self
irid-, irido-
Iris
ischio-
Ischium (lower and back part of hip bone)
iso-
Equal
-ite
- Of the nature of
2. Chemistry: salt of an acid with the termination -ous
-ize
To treat by special method
jejuno-
Jejunum (Middle part of the small intestine)
Juxta-
Close proximity
Kary-, karyo-, cary-, caryo-
Nucleus; nut
Kera-, kerato-
Horny substance; cornea
Ket-, keto-
Ketone bodies (acids and acetones)
kinesi-, kino, -kinesis
Movement
kolp-, kolpo-, colp-, colpo-
Vagina
kypho-
Humped (kyphosis, rounded humped back)
kysth-, kystho-
Vagina
lab-, labi-
Lip
lact-
milk
laparo-
Flank; abdominal wall
laryng-, laryngo-,
Larynx
Latero-
Side
Leio-
Smooth
Lepido-
Flakes; scales
-lepsy
Seizure
lepto-
Thin; fine; slight; delicate
leuk-, leuko-, leuc-
White; white blood cell
Linguo-
Tongue
lip-, lipo-
Fat
-lite, -lith, lith-, litho-
Stone; calculus
lord-, lordo-
Curve; swayback
Lumbo-
Loins
Lyo-
Loosen; dissolve
-lysis
- Loosen; dissolve
2. Medicine: reduction of; relief from
mal-
Ill; bad; poor
mamm-, mammo-
Breast
mast-, masto-
Breast
meat-, meato-
Opening; meatus
med-, medi-, medio-
Middle
medull-, medullo-
Soft inner part; medulla
mega-, megal-, megalo-
Large; great size
-megalia, -megaly
Enlargement of a body part
meio-, mio
Less; smaller
melan-, melano-
Black
Mening-, meningo-
Meninges
mes-, meso-
- Middle
- Mesentery (membrane that attaches intestine to abdomen)
- Medicine: secondary; partial
mesio-
Toward the middle
Meta-
- Change; transformation; next in a series
2. Chemistry: The 1,3 position of benzene derivatives
metacarp-, metacarpo-
Metacarpus (bones of the hand)
metr-, metra-, metro-
Uterus
muc-, muci-, muco-, myxa-, myxo-
Mucus
myc-, myco-
Fungus
Myel-, myelo-
Spinal cord; bone marrow
Myring-, myringo-
Tympanic membrane, eardrum
nano-
Billionth
Dwarfism (nanism)
narco-
Numbess; stupor
noso-
Disease
noto-
The back
Nyct-, nycto-
Night; darkness
Ob-
Against
Occipit-, occipito-
Occiput (The back of the head or skull)
Oculo-
Eye
-ode, -oid
Form; shape; resemblance
odont- odonto-
Tooth; teeth
-odynia, odyno-
Pain
Oleo-
Oil
Olig-, oligo-
Few; small
omo-
Shoulder
Omphal-, omphalo-
Navel (belly button)
Onco-
Tumour; swelling; mass
Onych-, onycho-
Fingernails; toenails
oo-, oovi-, ovo-
Egg; ovum
Oophor-, oophoro-, oophoron-
Ovary
Ophthalm-, ophthalmo-
Eye
-opia
Vision
Opisth-, opistho-
Backward
-opsy
View of (autopsy)
optic-, opto
Eye; vision
Orchi-, orchid-, orchido-
Testicle
-orexia
Appetite
oro-
Mouth
orth-, ortho-
Straight; correct; normal; in proper order
os-
Mouth; bone
Oscheo-
Scrotum
-ose
Carbohydrate
Primary alteration of a protein
osmo-
- Odor; smell
- Impulse
- Osmosis
-ostomy, -stomosis, -stomy
A created opening, mouth, or outlet
Ot-, oto-
Ear
ox-
Oxygen
oxy-
- Sharp; keen; acute
- Oxygen in a compound
- Hydroxyl group
Pach-, pachy-
Thick
-pagus
Twins joined at a specific site. e.ge: craniopagus (joined at skull)
pali, palin-
Recurrence; repetition
pan-
All; entire
pant-, panto-
All or the whole of something
Papulo-
Pimple; papule
Patell-, patello-
Patella; kneecap
para-
Near; alongside of; departure from normal
-para
Bearing offspring
pedia-
Child
Pedicul-, pediculo-
Lice
-penia
Decrease from normal; deficiency
-pepsia
Digestion
per-
Throught; throught; utterly; intense
Peri-
Around; about
Preineo-
Perineum
pero-
Deformed
Petro-
- Stone
2. The petrous portion of the temporal bone (contains internal auditory organs)
-pexy
Fixation, usually surgical
Phaco-
Lens of the eye
Phag-, Phago-
Eating; ingestion; devouring
Phalang-, phalango-
Phalanges
Phall-
Penis
Pharmaco-
Drug; medicine
Pharyng-, pharyngo-
Pharynx
-phasia
Speech
phlebo-
Vein
phono-
Sound; voice
-phoresis
Transmission
-phoria
A turning with reference to the visual axis
photo-
Light
phren-, phreno-, phrenia
- Mind
2. Diaphragm
-phylaxis
Protection
physo-
Air; gas
phyt-, phyto-
Plant; something that grows
pico-
One trillionth
Picr-, picro-
Bitter
-piesis
Pressure
Pimel- pimelo-
Fat
Plagio-
Slanting; oblique
-plakia
Plaque
-plasia
Growth; cellular proliferation
plasm-, -plasm
- Living substance or tissue
2. To mold
-plastic
- Molded
2. Restoration of lost or badly formed features
platy-
Broad
-plegia
Paralysis; stroke
pleur-, pleurp-
Pleura; side; rib
-ploid
Chromosome pairs of a specific number
Plur-, pluri-
Several; more (like plural)
pneo-
BREATH; BREATHING
Pneum- pneuma, pneumato-
Air; gas; respiration
pod-, podo-
Foot
poikil-, poikilo-
Varied, irregular
-poiesis, -poietic
Production; formation
Polio-
Gray matter of the nervous system
-praxis
Act, activity; Practice, use
Presby-
Old age (presbyterian)
Pro-
Before; in behalf of
Proct-, procto
Anus; rectum
Proso-
Forward; anterior
Pesud-, pseudo-
False
Psychro-
Cold
-ptosis
Prolapse, downward displacement
pubio-, pubo-
Pubic bone or region
Pulmo-
Lung
Py-, pyo-
Pus
pycn-, pycno-, pykn-, pykno-
Dense; thick; compact; frequent
Pyelo-
Pelvis
Pyg-, pygo-
Buttocks
Pyle-
Orifice, especially of the portal vein
Pyloro-
Gatekeeper; the pylorus (like the thing that opens and closes the stomach)
Pyreto-
Fever
Quinqu-
Five
rachi-, rachio-
Spine
recto-
straight; rectum
reticulo-
reticulum
retro-
Backward; back; behind
rhabdo-
Rod
rheo-, -rrhea
Current; stream; flow; discharge
rhino-
Nose
rhizo-
Root
rhodo-
Red
roseo
Rose-colored
-rrhage, -rrhagia
Rupture; profuse fluid discharge
-rrhaphy
Suturing or stitching
-rrhexis
Rupture
sacchar-
Sugar
Sacro-
Sacrum
salping-, salpingo-
Auditory tube; fallopian tube
Sapro-
Putrid; rotten
Sarco-
flesh
scapho-
boat-shaped; scaphoid
scaphulo-
Shoulder
scato-
Dung; fecal matter
schisto-
Split; cleft
schizo-
Division
scirrho-
Hard; hard tumor or scirrhus
scleto-
- Hard
2. Relating to the sclera
-sclerosis
Dryness; hardness
scoto-
Darkness
sebo-
Fatty substance
sero-
Serum
sesqui-
one and one half
sial-, sialo-
saliva
sideo-
Iron; steel
skia-
Shadow
somat-, somato-
Body
spectro-
Appearance
spheno-
Wedge; sphenoid bone
Sphygmo-
Pulse
spir-, spiro-
Breathe
spondyl
Vertebra
Staphylo-
Uvula; bunch of graps; staphylococcus
steato-
fat
steno-
narrow; short
sterco-
feces
stero-, stereo-
three-dimensional
sterno-
sternum
stetho-
chest
stomato-
mouth
strepto-
twiste
tachy-
swift; rapid
taen- taeni- ten
Tapeworm
tarso-
- Flat of the foot
2. Edge of the eyelid
tauto-
Same
techno-
art; skill
tel-, tele-
- End
2. Distant
teleo-
Perfect; complete
temporo-
Temples of the head
tendo-, teno-
Tendon
ter-
Three
tera-
Billionth
terato-
Severely malformed fetus
tetra-
four
thalamo-
Chamber; part of the brain where a nerve originates; thalamus
thanato-
Death
theco-
Sheath; case; receptacle
thio-
Sulfur
thorac-, thoraci-, thoraco-
Chest; chest wall
thrombo-
Blood clot; thrombus
thymo-
- Thymus
2. Soul; emotions
thy-, thyro-
Thyroid gland
thyroid-, thyroido-
Thyroid gland; oblong; shield
toco-
Childbirth
-tome
Cutting instrument
tomo-
Section; layer
-tomy
Cutting operation; excision
ton-, tono-
Tension
top-, topo-
Place; locale
trachelo-
Neck
tracheo-
Trachea; windpipe
trans-
Across; over; beyond; through
traumato-
Trauma
trick-, trichi-, tricho
Hair
trop-, tropho-, trophic
Nourishment
-tropin
Stimulation of a target organ by a substance, especially a hormone
tympan-, tympano-
Eardrum; tympanum
typhlo-
- Cecum
2. Blindness
typho-
Fever; typhoid
ulo-
Scar; scarring
ultra-
Beyond; excess
uni-
One
uretero-
Ureter
urethro-
Urethra
-uria
Urine
urin- urino- uro-
Urine
uter- utero-
Uterus
varic-, varico-
Dilated vein
vaso-
Vessel e.g blood vessel
veno-
vein
ventro-, ventri-, ventri
Abdomen; anterior surface of the body
vertebro-
Vertebra; vertebrae
vesico-
Bladder; vesicle
visero-
Viscera
vitro-, vitro-, vitre-, vitreo-
Vitreous body (of the eye)
vulvo-
Vulva; covering
xanth-
Yellow
xero-
Dry
xiph- xiphi- xipho-
Xiphoid cartilage (lower end of sternum)
zoo-
Animal; animal life