Word Roots 1 Flashcards
a/n
not, without
abyss - without bottom; achromatic - without color; anhydrous - without water
a
on
afire - on fire; ashore - on the shore; aside - on the side
a, ab/s
from, away, off
abduct - carry away by force; abnormal - away from normal, not normal; absent - away, not present; aversion - the act of turning away from; abbreviate: to shorten.
a/c/d
to, toward, near
accelerate - to increase the speed of; accessible - easily entered, approached, or obtained; admittance - allowing into;
acro
top, height, tip, beginning
acrobat - a “high walker”; acronym - a word formed from the first (capital) letters of a word; acrophobia - fear of height
act
do
activity - something that a person does; react - to do something in response; interaction - communication between two or more things
aer/o
air
aerate - to let air reach something; aerial - relating to the air; aerospace - the air space
agr/i/o
farming
agriculture - management of the land, agribusiness - making money by utilizing land; agrarian - relating to the management of land
alg/o
pain
neuralgia - pain caused by a nerve; analgesic - a drug that makes one pain free; nostalgia - aching for the familiar
ambi, amphi
both, on both sides, around
ambidextrous - able to use both hands equally; ambiguous - having more than one meaning; ambivalence - conflicting or opposite feelings toward a person or thing
ambul
walk, move
amble - to walk in a slow, relaxed way; ambulant - walking or moving around; ambulance - a vehicle that moves a patient
ami/o
love
amiable - friendly, pleasant, lovable; amity - friendly and peaceful relations; amorous - showing romantic love
ana
up, back, against, again, throughout
analysis - a close examination of something; anatomy - the structure of something as visible when cut up for analysis; anachronism - not being in the right place in time
andr/o
man, male
androgynous - being both male and female; android - resembling a human; misandry - hatred towards men
anim
life, spirt
animal - a living organism; animate - to make alive; equanimity - of balanced spirit
ann/enn
year
anniversary - a date observed once a year; annual - happening once a year; millennium - 1,000 years
ante
before, in front
antecede - to come before something in time; antemeridian - before noon; anteroom- a small room before the main room
anth/o
flower
chrysanthemum and amaranth - names of flowers; anthology - a collection of treasured writings; anthozoan - half plant, half animal, like anemones and corals.
anthrop/o
human
anthropology - the study of mankind; anthropomorphism - giving human form to non-human things; philanthropy - the love to mankind (expressed through good deeds)
anti
against, opposite of
antibody - a substance that destroys micro-organisms; antiseptic - preventing infection; antisocial - opposing social norm
apo, apho
away, off, separate
aphorism - a short expression of a general truth; apology - an explicit expression of regret, apostrophe - a small dash used in place of an omitted letter
aqu/a
water
aquarium - a water container for fish; aquatic- relating to water; aqueduct - a pipeline for water
arbor
tree
arborist - someone working with trees; arbor - a shady area formed by trees; arborous - having many trees
arch/i
chief, most important, rule
archbishop - the highest ranking bishop; archenemy - chief or worst enemy; matriarch - a female who rules a group; monarch - a king or queen
arch/a/i
primitive, ancient
archaeology - the study of ancient cultures; archaic - belonging to an earlier period; archive - a collection of historical materialsd
arthr/o
joint
arthroscope - a tool to see inside a joint; arthritis - inflammation of a joint; arthropod - invertebrates with jointed legs, like spiders, crustaceans, insects
art
skill
artifact - object made by a person’s skill; artisan - a person skilled in a craft; artist - a person who creates skillfully
astro, aster
star, stars, outer space
astronaut - a person traveling to the stars; astronomer - someone who studies the stars; asterisk - a star-shaped sign used as a reference tool
aud/i/io
hear
audible - loud enough to be heard; audience - people who listen to a program; audiovisual - relating to sound and vision
auto
self, same, one
autocrat - a person who governs with absolute power; autograph - a person’s own signature; automatic - moving by itself
avi/a
bird
aviary - a large enclosure for birds; aviatrix - a female airplane pilot; aviation - the art of designing or operating aircraft
bar/o
pressure, weight
baric - pertaining to pressure, esp. of the atmosphere; milliard - metric unit, equal to 1/1000th of a bar; baryon - heavy elementary particle
bell/i
war
bellicose - warlike; belligerent - hostile, ready to fight; rebel - person who opposes and fights
bene
good, well
benefactor - person who gives money to a cause; beneficial - producing a good effect; benevolent - showing kindness or goodwill
bi/n
two, twice, once in every two
biannual - happening twice a year; binoculars - optical device with two lenses; bilateral - of or involving two sides
bibli/o
book
bibliography - a list of books used as sources; bibliomania - an extreme love of books; bibliophile - a person who loves books
bio
life, living matter
biography- a life story written by another person; biology - the science of life; biosphere - Earth’s surface inhabited by living things
blast/o
cell, primitive, immature cell
blastula - an early stage of embryonic development; fibroblast - a cell that forms connective tissue; blastoderm - the layer surrounding the inside of an egg
burs
pouch, purse
bursar- an administrative officer in charge of funds; bursary- the treasury of a college or monastery; disburse- to expend especially from a public fund
calc
stone
calcite; calcium- the flame of acetylene gas generated by reaction of calcium carbide with water; calcification- impregnation with calcareous matter
cand
glowing, iridescent
candid- free from bias, prejudice, or malice; candle- something that gives light; incandescent- white, glowing, or luminous with intense heat
capt, cept, ceive
take, hold
intercept - to stop or interrupt;
perceive - to take notice of something; captivating - taking hold of
cardi/o
heart
cardiac - relating to the heart; cardiogenic - resulting from heart disease; cardiologist - a heart doctor
carn/i
flesh, meat
carnivorous - flesh-eating; carnal - pertaining to the body or flesh; incarnate - given bodily form
cata
down, against, completely, intensive, according to
cataclysm - a flood or other disaster, catalog - a complete listing; catastrophe - turning for the worst, a substantial disaster
caust, caut
to burn
cauterize - to burn with a hot instrument; caustic - capable of burning or eating away; holocaust - total devastation, especially by fire
cede, ceed, cess
go, yield
exceed - to go beyond the limits; recede - to go back; accessible - easily entered, approached, or obtained
celer
fast
accelerate - to increase the speed of; decelerate - to reduce the speed of
cent/i
hundred, hundredth
centennial- the 100th anniversary; centimeter - 1/100 of a meter; century - 100 years
centr/o/i
center
egocentric - self-centered; eccentric - not having a common center, not according to norm; centrifugal - moving outward from a center
cephal/o
head
encephalitis - inflammation of the brain; cephalic - pertaining to the head; cephalopod - marine mollusks like octopus and squid who have tentacles growing from their head
cerebr/o
brain
cerebral - pertaining to the brain; cerebrate - to use the brain; cerebrospinal - pertaining to the brain and the spinal cord
cert
sure
ascertain- to find out something with certainty; certain - being absolutely sure; certify - to state that something is true
chrom/o, chromat/o, chros
color, pigment
achromatic - without color; chromium - a blue-white metallic chemical element, chromatics - the study of color
chron/o
time
chronic - lasting for a long time; chronological - arranging events in time order, synchronize - happening at the same time
chrys/o
gold, yellow
chrysanthemum and helichrysum - golden/yellow flowers; chrysolite - a yellowish gem
cide, cise
cut, kill
homicide - murder; incisor - a sharp tooth for cutting food; insecticide - a chemical used to kill insects
circum, circle
around, about
circumnavigate - to sail around; circumscribe - to draw around; circumspect - looking around
claim, clam
shout, speak out
clamor - to shout and make noise; exclaim - to cry out loudly and suddenly; proclamation - something announced officially in public
clar
clear
clarification - an explanation; clarify - to make something clear; declare - to state something clearly
clud, clus
close
conclusion - the end or last part; exclusion - shutting out, rejecting; seclude - to keep away from; to isolate
cline
lean
inclination - a leaning toward; incline - a surface that slopes or leans; recline - to lean back and relax
co
with, together, joint
coauthor - writer who collaborates with another author; coeducation - educating males and females together; cohousing - planning your neighborhood in an intentional neighborly fashion
col
together, jointly
commemorate - to memorize together; composition - an arrangement or putting together of parts; commune - living together while owning things in common
cogn/i
know
cognition - process of acquiring knowledge; incognito - disguised so no one knows you; recognize - to discover that one knows
con
with, jointly
concur - to agree with someone; contemporary - of the same time period as others; convention - a gathering of people with a common interest
contra/o
against, opposite
contradict to argue against, Contraflow, contraception, contrary not in agreement, controversy disagreement
corp/o
body
corporation - a company recognized by law as a single body; corpse - a dead body; corporal - pertaining to the body
cosm/o
universe
cosmonaut - a Russian astronaut; cosmos - the universe; microcosm - a miniature universe
counter
opposite, contrary, opposing
counteract - to oppose the effects of an action; countermand - to cancel a previous order; counteroffensive - attack against an attack