Word Production Models Flashcards
A normal adult speaker…..can recognize and produce about
3 words per second without any difficulty
rapid rate of formulation
15 speech sounds/second
The rapid rate of formulation is a ____ process (automatic or not automatic)
automatic, unconscious
What are the 2 Word Production Models?
discrete stage model vs Interactive Activation Model
Steps 2 Discrete Stage Model
- Select a word’s semantic relationship
- Select the word form
- Select the Phonemes of the word form
Steps for the IA model
- Word Selection
2. Phonological encoding
word production begins at the ____ level
conception
A concept is stimulated by?
Intention of the speaker or some sensory input (e.g., picture of a cat)
A concept is ____ linguistic or non linguisitc
non linguistic
A concept is a _____ representation
knowledge-based representations (semantic features)
After conceptual level, what happens next?
Retrieval of the lexical word associated with the picture name
Naming is at least a ____ stage process
2
Describe the semantic stage (stage 1)
Initial stage involves access, activation, & selection of semantic representations (features, concepts) associated with a picture name
describe the phonological stage
subsequent stage involves access, activitation, & selection of phonological properties associated with the picture name
in this model, this process operates in a strictly hierarchical and sequential manner
discrete model
in this model, naming processes operate in a cascaded manner
Interactive Activation Model
T/F Multiple conceptual representations are achieved in both the discrete and IA models?
true
in this model, the one conceptual representation that is most highly activated will then activate the phonological properties associated with that representation at the next stage.
Discrete Model
in this model, Other candidates, along with the targeted representation, activate the phonological properties associated with their representations at the next stage
IA model
in this model, multiple candidates are being activated (rather than one)
IA model
In this model, activated representations can feedforward and feedback to previous processing levels to re-activate representations
IA model
In this model, each stage is independent of each other
Discrete two stage model
picture-word interference ______
Paradigms
Give 3 examples of normal speech errors
Spoonerisms,
Freudian slips,
TOT states
slips that are thought to reflect repressed thoughts
Freudian Slips
The father of cycle analysis
Sigmind Freud
He was famous for his many speech errors
Dr. Spooner
Sounds or words are swapped
spoonerisms
“Give me a minute, it’s just on the tip of my tongue….I feel like I can tell you in a second.”
Tip of Tongue (TOT)
2 of the most common aphasia errors
- semantic paraphasias (peach-orange, eagle- bird)
22. Phonological paraphasias (matches-patches)
peach-orange
semantic paraphasias
eagle- bird
semantic paraphasias
matches- patches
phonological paraphasias
screw - /skrer/
phonological paraphasias
errors ____(do or do not)___ violate phonotactic rules of that individual’s language
errors do not violate phonotactic rules of that individual’s language
T/F errors involve linguistic units of different types
FALSE- errors involve linguistic units of the same type
T/F consonants exchange with or replace other consonants, not vowels (and vice versa)
True
T/F consonants exchange with or replace other vowels, not consonants (and vice versa)
False- consonants exchange with or replace other consonants, not vowels (and vice versa)
T/F content words (N, V) do not exchange with or replace function words (determiners, prepositions)
True
can content words replace function words in errors?
no
In phoneme movement errors, errors tend to involve ____ position more than any other position of the word
initial
T/F in phoneme movement errors, position of the phonemes within a word or syllable involved in the movement error are nearly always the same
true
T/F phoneme exchanges are more common when each phoneme has a different phoneme next to it
False- phoneme exchanges are more common when each phoneme has a similar phoneme next to it
Lexical bias effect
errors tend to be a real word than a nonword
only legal sound combinations will be produced
true
