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Textiles & Finish Materials > Word List > Flashcards

Word List Flashcards

1
Q

ACETATE

A

Generic term for a manufactured fiber composed of acetylated cellulose.

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2
Q

ACRYLIC

A

Generic term for fiber composed of acrylonitrile units which are derived from petrochemical by-products.

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3
Q

ALPACA

A

Long, fine, natural protein hair fiber obtained from the domesticated South American alpaca, a member of the camel family; a wool variant.

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4
Q

ANGORA

A

Goat native to Turkey from which the natural protein fiber, mohair, is obtained; a wool variant.

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5
Q

BALANCED

A

NA

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6
Q

BASKET

A

NA

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7
Q

BASE

A

NA

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8
Q

BEATER

A

Movable frame on a LOOM that holds the reed and packs the filling yarns into place.

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9
Q

BEETLING

A

NA

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10
Q

BINDER

A

NA

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11
Q

BOUCLÉ

A

A) a looped and crimped novelty yarn B) fabric with a knotty, looped surface, woven with a bouclé yarn.

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12
Q

CARDING

A

Carded Yarn: yarn spun from a carded sliver of fibers.

CARDING process: used for all natural fibers, in which they are separated and brought into general alignment prior to spinning.

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13
Q

CELLULOSIC

A

Fibers such as COTTON, LINEN, JUTE, and RAYON.

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14
Q

CHENILLE

A

A) a fuzzy, caterpillar-like yarn of Cotton or manufactured fibers, produced by locking short, cut fibers at right angles to the core thread.

B) fabric woven with chenille yarn in the weft, producing a cut-pile surface.

C) as carpeting

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15
Q

CLOTH

A

General term used for any pliable material whether woven, knitted, felted, knotted, or extruded.

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16
Q

CORD

A

Yarn made of two or more ply yarns twisted together.

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17
Q

COMBING

A

The process of making carded fibers parallel and removing impurities and short fibers before spinning.

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18
Q

COTTON

A

Natural vegetable fiber composed of cellulose.

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19
Q

DEGUMMING

A

Removal of natural gums from silk yarn or fabric by boiling in a mild alkaline solution.

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20
Q

DOBBY

A

A mechanical LOOM attachment that can regulate as many as forty harnesses to produce small, geometric patterns.

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21
Q

EFFECT

A

The fancy yarn of the novelty yarn combination

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22
Q

FELT

A

A) a non woven fabric made of fibers joined through the application of heat, agitation and moisture, or by mechanical treatment.

B) woven fabric that has been treated with heat, moisture, and pressure to achieve greater strength and fullness.

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23
Q

FILAMENT

A

Fiber of indefinite length, either natural (silk) or manufactured. Silk filament is the thread of a silkworm’s cocoon; manufactured filaments are produced by forcing a solution through a spinneret.

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24
Q

FILLER

A

Or filling, (or weft or wood) in weaving, the crosswise yarn or yarns that interlace at right angles with the lengthwise warp.

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25
Q

FLAX

A

Plant from which linen is produced .

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26
Q

FLOCKED

A

Process by which a velvety pile surface is formed by securing short fiber ends to a fabric with adhesive.

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27
Q

GAUGE*

A

Gauze??

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28
Q

GLASS

A

Raw material from which fiberglass fibers are made.

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29
Q

GIMP

A

A silk or metallic yarn spiral-wrapped closely around an inner core to cover it completely.

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30
Q

GRAIN

A

The alignment of vertical (lengthwise) and horizontal (crosswise) elements in a fabric to form a right angle relationship.

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31
Q

HARNESS

A

Rectangular frame on a LOOM that holds the heddles through which the warp yarns pass.

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32
Q

HEDDLES

A

Needle-like wires on a LOOM through which the warp yarns are drawn. They are mounted in the harness, which is raised and lowered during weaving.

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33
Q

HEMP

A

Coarse natural cellulose fiber.

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34
Q

HORSEHAIR

A

Narrow upholstery fabric woven with a filing of long, single tail hairs.

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35
Q

JACQUARD

A

Attachment on a LOOM that used a pinched card system to raise and lower single heddles. It permits the weaving of fabrics with complex patterns such as tapestry and brocade.

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36
Q

JUTE

A

Coarse natural cellulose fiber, used primarily in burlap and carpet backing.

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37
Q

KNOT

A

Weaving flaw; broken yarns which are tied, and usually pulled through to the back of the fabric.

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38
Q

LAPPET

A

Three-element woven fabric similar to discontinuous brocade.

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39
Q

LENO WEAVE

A

Open weave used for casements, which achieves extra stability by twisting the warp yarns around each other and inserting the filling yarn.

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40
Q

LINEN

A

A) a natural cellulose yarn made from flax fibers, notes for strength, cool hand and luster; low resilience

B) fabric woven from LINEN yarns

41
Q

LOOM

A

Machine that produces woven textiles by interlacing warp and filling yarns at right angles to each other.

42
Q

MERCERIZATION

A

Caustic sofa treatment for Cotton and LINEN, which makes the yarn or cloth stronger, and increases luster and dye affinity.

43
Q

MERINO

A

Breed of sheep yielding a high grade wool used for fine woolen and worsted cloth.

44
Q

METALLIC

A

Descriptive term for any fiber, yarn, or fabric using a metal (gold, aluminum, steel, etc.) as part of its structure.

45
Q

MINERAL FIBER

A

Natural or manufactured fiber derived from a mineral, such as asbestos or fiberglass.

46
Q

MODACRYLIC

A

Generic term for a modified acrylic fiber composed of copolymers of acrylonitrile and other materials such as vinyl chloride, which enable the fiber to be softened at low temperatures.

47
Q

MOHAIR

A

Processed fiber of the long, silly hair of the ANGORA goat

B) velvet or plush fabric with a mohair pile and Cotton back.

48
Q

NOVELTY YARNS

A

Any yarns constructed in such a way as to produce a bulky or uneven or otherwise special appearance.

49
Q

NUB

A

Random clot of short, dense fibers incorporated during spinning.

50
Q

NYLON

A

Generic term for synthetic polyamide fiber; nylon 6, 6 has carbon atoms.

51
Q

OLEFIN

A

Generic term for synthetic fibers produces from either polyethylene or polypropylene.

52
Q

PICK

A

In weaving, a single filling yarn through the warp shed.

53
Q

PILE

A

Raises surface produces by an extra set of filling yarns that form loops, which may be cut and sheared or left uncut.

PILE fabric: cloth with a 3-D raised surface of cut or uncut loops of yarn.

54
Q

PILLING

A

As a fiber breaks up, the two free ends tend to roll back in the opposite directions, forming a fuzzy ball on the fabric surface. Depending on the fiber, pills may or may not be easy to remove.

Spun yarns pill, along with polyester and

55
Q

PLAIN WEAVE

A

Simplest method of interlacing warp and weft yarns to make cloth. Each filling (weft) passes alternately under and over the warp yarns to produce a balanced construction. It is strong, inexpensive to produce, and the best ground cloth for printing; the thread count determines the fabric’s strength.

56
Q

PLY

A

A) a single strand of yarn

B) to twist in one or more strands of yarn together

57
Q

POLYESTER

A

Generic term for a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polymer composed on a complex ester.

58
Q

POLYMER

A

Chemical composed consisting of repeating monomers joined end to end to form a polymer chain.

59
Q

POLYPROPYLENE

A

Olefin fiber made of propylene

60
Q

RAMIE

A

Fine, oriental bast fiber.

61
Q

RATINÉ

A

A) novelty yarn constructed by twisting a heavy yarn around a fine yarn.

B) textured fabric woven in a plain WEAVE with ratiné yarns

62
Q

RAYON

A

Generic term for a manufactured fiber derived from regenerated cellulose.

63
Q

REED

A

Comb-like device on a LOOM through which the warp ends pass.

See beater*

64
Q

RETTING

A

Soaking of bast fiber plants to permit bacterial or chemical break down of the outer bark, which loosens the fibers.

65
Q

RIB

A

Raised ridge running lengthwise, crosswise or diagonally on a fabric, usually formed by the insertion of a heavy thread, also formed by embossing with rollers.

66
Q

ROVING

A

Bundle of fibers that are carded and combed and arranged in parallel alignment before spinning.

67
Q

SATIN

A

Warp-faced fabric in a satin weave

SATIN WEAVE: basic WEAVE in which the fabric face is composed almost entirely of warp or filling floats, producing a smooth, lustrous surface.

68
Q

SELVAGE

A

Reinforced edge on either side of a woven or flat knitted cloth, finished to prevent raveling.

69
Q

SERICULTURE

A

Raising silkworms and production of silk.

70
Q

SHED

A

The space formed as the harnesses of a LOOM raise some warp yarns and lower others, through which the shuttle passes to lay in the filling.

“Shoot the shuttle, through the shed”

71
Q

SHUTTLE

A

Device on a LOOM to carry the filling yarn through the shed to interlace it with the warp yarns.

“Shoot the shuttle through the shed”

72
Q

SILK

A

Natural proteins fiber unwound from the cocoon of the silkworm.

73
Q

SISAL

A

Strong natural cellulose fiber used in making cord and matting.

74
Q

SLUB

A

Lump or knot in a yarn; may be a defect or purposely spun to produce a textured surface in cloth.

75
Q

SPINDLE

A

Part of a yarn machine, weight with twist.

76
Q

SPINNERET

A

Metal disc with numerous fine holes through which a chemical solution is extruded to produce synthetic fibers.

77
Q

STAPLE

A

Natural or manufactured fiber that has a relatively short length.

78
Q

SYNTHETIC

A

Textile fiber made from a petrochemical rather than a natural base. All synthetic fibers are manufactured, but not all manufactured fibers are synthetic.

79
Q

TOW

A

A) short or broken fibers of flax, hemp or synthetic materials used for yarn, twine, or stuffing.

B) thick bundle of continuous filaments assembled without twisting into a loose ropy strand for cutting into a staple.

80
Q

TRIACETATE

A

Generic term for a manufactured fiber that is a modification of acetate with a higher ratio of acetate to cellulose.

81
Q

TREVIRA*

A

Trade name of a multilobal-polyester fiber

82
Q

TWILL

A

Basic WEAVE that produces a surface of diagonal lines by passing filling threads over two or more ends in a regular progression.

83
Q

TWIST

A

The tightness and direction of the twist spun into a yarn. S twist is a clockwise twist and is the most common Z twist is a counter-clockwise twist.

84
Q

UNBALANCED

A

When a yarn is not relaxed, but twisted

85
Q

VISCOSE

A

The most common RAYON, formed by converting cellulose into a soluble form and regenerating it into fiber.

86
Q

WARP

A

Lengthwise yarns on a woven fabric, running vertical through the LOOM parallel to the selvages.

87
Q

WEAVE

A

Structural pattern in which yarns are interlaced to produce fabric.

88
Q

WEFT

A

Horizontal or crosswise element in a woven cloth.

89
Q

WOOF

A

Same as WEFT

90
Q

WOOLEN

A

Fuzzy loosely twisted yarn spun from carded short wool fibers l. Woolen cloths are generally simple weaves and show coarser finishes than worsteds.

91
Q

WOOL

A

NA

92
Q

WORSTED

A

Smooth, compact yarns spun from carded and combed long wool fibers. WORSTED clothes are more closely constructed and have smoother finishes than woolens.

93
Q

YARNS

A

Any form of spun, twisted or extruded fibers, natural or manufactured, that can be used in weaving, knitting or knotting; may be monofilament, multi filament, or spun - single or plied.

94
Q

All TYPES OF WEAVES

A 
BALANCED
BASKET
DOBBY
Jacquard 
Lappet
Leno
PILE
PLAIN
RIB
SATIN
TWILL
95
Q

Parts of a LOOM

A 
BEATER
Beetling
Cloth 
FILLER
GAUGE
HARNESS
Heddles
Pick
REED
Shed
SHUTTLE
Spindle 
Warp
Weft
WEAVE
WOOF
96
Q

All types of YARNS

A 
BALANCED 
BASE
Binder
BOUCLÉ
Chenille 
CORD
Effect
FILAMENT
FLOCKED
Gimp
NOVELTY yarns
NUB
PLY
RATINÉ
SLUB
97
Q

CELLULOSIC FIBERS

A

NA

98
Q

PROTEIN FIBERS

A

NA

99
Q

SYNTHETIC FIBERS

A

NA

Textiles & Finish Materials (1 decks)

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