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LING 401 - Morphology > Word Formation Processes > Flashcards

Word Formation Processes Flashcards

1
Q

Derivation

A

??

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2
Q

Affixation

A

??

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3
Q

Prefixes

A

Type of affixation. ??

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4
Q

Suffixes

A

Type of affixation. + ??

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5
Q

Infixes

A

Type of affixation + ??

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6
Q

Circumfixes

A

Type of affixation. ??

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7
Q

Conversion / Zero Derivation

A

??

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8
Q

Coinage

A

Process by which words change

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9
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

??

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10
Q

Compounding

A

Two free morphemes are put together (class + room)

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11
Q

Endocentric

A

Type of Compounding. One morpheme gives overall meaning.

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12
Q

Exocentric

A

Type of Compounding. Cannot gain meaning from either of the morphemes.

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13
Q

Blending

A

??

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14
Q

Clipping

A
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15
Q

Cliticization

A

Combine twto morphemes into a single word without creating a new word

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16
Q

c’mon, this’ll, didn’t

A

Cliticization: combine two morphemes into a single word without creating a new word

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17
Q

Abbreviation

A

a shortened form of a written word or phrase used in place of the whole word or phrase

18
Q

TV, ID, USA, NAACP

A

Abbreviation: a shortened form of a written word of phrase used in place of the world word or phrase

19
Q

Acronym

A

a word created by combining the first letter or syllable of each owrd in a phrase to create a new, single word.

20
Q

fomo, laser, radar, scuba, nato, covid

A

Acronym: a word created by comining the first letter or syllable of each word ina phrase to create a new, single word.

21
Q

Eponym

A

a word that comes from a place or name

22
Q

Hamburger, sandwich, academy, America, boycott, nicotine

A

Eponym: a word that comes from a place or name

23
Q

Generification

A

occurs when a brand name is used to refer to a product in general

24
Q

Xerox, Kleenex, Q-tips, Aspirin, Coke, Pampers, Band-Aid, Thermos

A

Generification: occurs when a brand name is used to refer to a produce in general.

25
Q

Back formation

A

Note: this is difficult to diagnose.
Removing a prefix or suffix from an existing word to create a new word.

26
Q

Examine from “Examination” Cohabitate from “Cohabitation”

A

Back formation: removing a prefix or suffix from an exisisting word to create a new word

27
Q

Folk Etymology

A

A process that changes the meaning or form of a word to make it seem more logical or related to a more familiar word. (false assumption)

28
Q

Chaise Longue to “Chaise Lounge” or Buck Naked to “Butt Naked”

A

Folk etymology: a process that changes the meaning or form of a word to make it seem more logical or related to a more familiar word.

29
Q

Direct borrowing

A

The word retains their original form and meaning; some however have little variation

30
Q

Bonus, drama, comedy, scene, kindergarten

A

Direct borrowing: the word retains their original form and meaning.

31
Q

Indirect (Calque) Borrowing

A

Taken from another language through a literal, word-for-word translation.

32
Q

Skyscraper

A

Indrect (Calque) Borrowing: taken from another language through a literal, word-for-word translation

33
Q

Semantic Broadening

A

Taking the meaning of a word from another langauge while keeping the word itself

34
Q

Shipment

A

Semantic Broadening: borrowing the meaning of a word from another language while keep the word itself. “Shipment” traditionally means something that went by ship. Today shipments from Amazon, for example, are not limited to coming by ship.

35
Q

Semantic Narrowing

A

A word’s meaning becomes more specific or less general over time.

36
Q

Skyline, Meat, Hound

A

Semantic Narrowing: a word’s meaning becomes more specific or less general over time. (Skyline originally referred to any horizon, but now only refers to a horizon with skyscrapers and other buildings visible. Meat originally mean food but not only refers to animal flesh. Hound traditional referred to any type of dog, but now only refers to dogs used for hunting.

37
Q

Metaphorical Extension

A

the meaning of a word grows in a new direction through the popular adpotion of comparision (?)

38
Q
A
39
Q
A
40
Q

Illuminate, Ship, Grasp

A

Metaphorcial Extension =

LING 401 - Morphology (1 decks)

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