Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

English Lexicology > Word-formation > Flashcards

Word-formation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
0
Q

Morphology focuses on

A

Inflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Lexicology focuses mainly on

A

Word-formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Word-formation is…

A

Process of generating new words. Focuses on units that are higher than a word but usually smaller than units studied by syntax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inflection is…

A

Focuses on modification of words that are dictated by sentence structure. Never overlaps the limits of a single word. Highly limited.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The word-formation connects the extra-linguistic reality with linguistic elements

A

new element in reality ( inventions, technology)-> we create new word( neologism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Word position: what morpheme is closer to the word-root? Why?

A

Derivational morpheme.
Inflectional morphemes are always further from the root. # teach/er/s/
And derivational morphemes that are key elements of word-formation are always closer to the root. The are priorities because they give us freedom to choose while inflectional morphemes are required by sentence structure. Obligatory elements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lexicology= word-formation + lexical semantics. Can be parallel to derivational morphology.

A

Study of lexicon, system of leximes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Lexeme?

A

-smallest bilateral( 2aspects: thought+form) unit of meaning
-cluster of inflectional variants
-potential abstract unit
# lexeme “go”
Concrete realizations: went, gone, going( so called word-forms= alolex)
Lexeme also can be proverb, idiom, collocation, fixed expression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a word-form?

A

A concrete realization of particular lexeme or alolex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is word?

A

-lexico-grammatical unit (independent form and independent meaning)
-sequence of sounds/signs used in language to express an idea and transmit a meaning to a listener
-ultimate minimal linguistic element with meaning.
There is nothing smaller than a word that has lexical meaning. Always consist of at least one free lexical morpheme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why we need more context in English language (analytical) to understand a meaning?

A

Because synthetic languages such as Czech, Russian, Polish usually have more definite meaning than analytical language, one word can have several meanings and senses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Major word formation processes

A
  • derivation
  • compounding
  • affixation
  • conversion
  • borrowing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Minor word formation processes

A
  • back-formation
  • blending
  • clipping
  • reduplication
  • acronymy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does it mean transparent?

A 
The word is clearly analysable into constituent elements (morphemes)
# cover/age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Opaque means

A 
Not clearly transparent, dividable words into morphemes 
# carriage-> carry-> ege
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Root is

A 
Without derivational and inflectional affixes
# un/believ/able
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Steam is

A 
With derivational morphemes but without inflectional morphemes
# teacher/s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Process of new word formation

A

Nonsense formation
Institutionalisation
Lexicolisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Types of lexicolosation

A

Phonological ( stress shift)
Morphological (productive/ unproductive)
Semantic (meaning shift-> playboy)
Syntactic ( disbelieve-> different use in different contexts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Factors of acceptance of a newness

A
  • status of user
  • prestige
  • effect( exploited by the media)
  • lack of knowledge
20
Q

Lexicolisation is

A

When lexeme takes on a form that it couldn’t have if it was created through regular formation processes. Productive rules aren’t applied.

21
Q

Types of defining methods in dictionaries

A
  • analytical ( categorisation and then defining #furniture: table how it differs from other furniture)
  • typifying (typical use or inhabitance, typical behavior)
  • substitutional (use synonyms)
  • exemplifying (use in context)
  • simplifying
22
Q

Secondary noun

A 
Derived noun from the first noun
# child- childhood
23
Q

Derivation by “zero”

A 
Conversion, no root change, but we create different word class
# work- to work ( need of context)
24
Q

Word root

A

Meaningful independent part of the word that can exist on its own without any inflectional derivations

25
Q

Word-base is

A 
Immediate independent part of the word without adding last affix
# un/happi/ness- happi-is root, happiness is word-base
26
Q

” reversed” derivation is

A 
Back-formation. The word is usually longer before derivational process. Deletion of an affix
#housekeeper- housekeep
27
Q

Conversion is

A 
Process where item changes word-class without the addition of an affix. Any lexeme can undergo conversion into any open class. Reason is language economy.
The only type of conversion in Czech is deadjectival.
28
Q

Derivational dependence

A

The item that existed first will have a longer head-word

29
Q

Semantic dependence

A

Noun to a verb, because noun has more meanings than a verb

30
Q

Phrase

A

Constructive unit of higher semantic and syntactic structure

31
Q

Recursiveness

A

The way sentence can contain supplementary information, which adds further explanation

32
Q

Syntactic group vs compound

A 
Syntactic group differs from compound by meaning, stress and spelling. Syntactic group it's two words that were putted together accidentally and every word has own meaning, however compound is a fixed phrase and meaning shift
# black bird- a blackbird, dark room- a darkroom
33
Q

Endocentric compounds

A

Consist of a head (basic meaning container)

+modifier ( meaning restricter)

34
Q

Exocentric compounds

A 
Hyponyms of unexpressed semantic head ( person, animal...). Meaning cannot be guessed from constituent parts
#white-collar, flight attendant
35
Q

Copulative compounds

A 
Have two semantic heads
#sleepwalk, bittersweet
36
Q

Appositional compounds

A 
Two contrary attributes 
#actor-director, maidservant
37
Q

Reduplicatives

A 
Two or more constituents that are similar or identical. Usually made to achieve prosody, used in advertisement, imitate sounds, movements.
# tick-tock, seesaw, tip-top
38
Q

Clippings

A 
Shortened polysyllabic words with independent stress pattern+ informal spelling, semantically restricted( not in contexts can be used)
#showbiz, flu,exam,phone,pub
39
Q

Acronyms

A 
Words from initial letters
#bbc- British Broadcasting Corporation
40
Q

Blends

A 
Blending one word with another
#lubritection, swimsation
41
Q

Semasiological approach

A

From form to meaning

One word has several meanings. We focus on polysemy and homonymy mainly

42
Q

Onomasiological approach

A

We start from meaning and you are looking for the different forms that meaning can take in language. We focus on synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy

43
Q

Semiotics studies

A

Any sign system that is used for communication. It could be traffic signs, gestures, body language, facial expressions, sign language

44
Q

Pragmatics studies

A

How user in context uses words and what meaning raises. Mainly study what we don’t say but mean

45
Q

Seme is

A

concrete realisation when one particular meaning choose and use the lexeme in a sentence
Seme of a chair, it can be anything that can chair mean:
-piece of furniture
-function or position

46
Q

Lexical semantics and paradigmatic relations focuses on

A

Homonymy, polysemy, synonymy, antonymy, hypo/hyperonymy

47
Q

Syntagmatic relations focus on

A

Collocational ranges, fixed expressions

English Lexicology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions