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Chapter 4 Circulatory System > Word Definition > Flashcards

Word Definition Flashcards

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1
Q

Circulatory system

A

Helps maintain homeostasis
It consist of the cardiovascular system (heart & blood vessels) and the lymphatic system (structures involved in the conveyance of the fluid, lymph)

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2
Q

Cardio/vascul/ar system
heart vessel pertaining to

A

Heart and blood vessels
The heart and blood vessels make up the ________________ _________________

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3
Q

Blood vessels include___________

A

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

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4
Q

What are the main types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, veins, and capillaries

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5
Q

Arteries

A

Have thicker walls to stand the high pressure of the hearts pumping action

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6
Q

veins

A

Have dinner walls

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7
Q

Microscopic capillaries

A

Are one cell thick

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8
Q

Lymph Node

A
  • is small knots of lymphatic tissue found at intervals along long lymph vessels
    A transparent fluid found in lymphatic vessels, consisting of liquid portion and cells that are mostly lymphocytes
    -any of the small knots of lymphatic tissue found at intervals along the course of the lymphatic vessels
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9
Q

Arteries

A

carry oxygen–rich blood to body tissues

Transport blood rich in oxygen

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10
Q

Veins

A

carry oxygen–poor blood, back to the heart
Transport blood that has had much of its oxygen removed

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11
Q

Arteri/ole

A

Means little artery

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12
Q

Capillaries

A

Are microscopic blood vessels that receive blood from the arterioles

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13
Q

Venules

A

Join the capillaries and veins

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14
Q

Circulation

A

Means movement in a regular or circular fashion
Two important types of circulation, occur each time the heart beats

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15
Q

Systemic circulation

A

The general circulation that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues of the body and returns the blood with much of its oxygen exchange for carbon dioxide back to the heart
The general circulation that transports oxygen to all tissues of the body is ____________

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16
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

The circuit that the blood makes from the heart to the lungs for the purpose of ridding the body of carbon dioxide, and picking up oxygen
Remember that ____ provides the means for the blood to take on oxygen from air that we take into our lungs

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17
Q

Atrium

A

The heart has 4 chambers
RA Right Atrium
LA Left Atrium

RV Right Ventricle
LV Left Ventricle

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18
Q

Ventricle

A

Chamber of the heart (4)
RV Right Ventricle
LV Left Ventricle
RA Right Atrium
LA Left Atrium

also applied to a chamber of the brain

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19
Q

List the six components of the cardiovascular system to indicate the flow of blood and systemic circulation, as that circulates back toward the heart

A

Artery, arteriole, capillary, venules, vein, superior and inferior venae cavae

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20
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

Oxygen–poor blood

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21
Q

Inferior and superior vena cava

A

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart on the right side of the body through. It’s two largest veins called___________&___________ __________ ___________

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22
Q

Explanation of the circuit of blood flow

A

Oxygen-poor blood enters the right side of the heart-lungs(to pick up oxygen)-left side of the-pumped throughout the body-back to the heart to complete the circuit

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23
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Blood from the trunk and legs enters the heart via the________ _______ ____

Large vein by which blood enters the heart

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24
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Blood from the head and arms enters the heart by way of the large vein, the ________ ____ ____

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25
Q

Tricuspid valve

A
  • has three flaps of tissue to prevent backflow of blood
    The right atrium contracts to force blood through the_________ _____ into the right ventricle
    The valve is the name of the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
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26
Q

Oxygenated

A

At the blood flows through the, it becomes__________(having additional oxygen) and returns to the left side of the heart by way of the pulmonary, which brings the blood to the left atrium .

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27
Q

Mitral valve
A.k.a. bicuspid valve

A

The left atrium contracts and forces blood into the left ventricle via the______ _____
Is the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle

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28
Q

Aorta

A
  • is the largest blood vessel in the body.
    Is the largest artery of the body and it branches into smaller arteries to carry blood throughout the body
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29
Q

Válvula

A

Small valves in the body

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30
Q

Pathway of blood through the

A

Valve open and closed to prevent backflow

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31
Q

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

A

-Right atrium-Right ventricle-pulmonary artery-lung capillaries-pulmonary vein-left atrium-left ventricle-aorta

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32
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Valves between the atria and ventricles

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33
Q

Left atrioventricular valves

A

Is generally called the mitral valve in medicine and is so named because the two valve flaps are shaped somewhat like the mitered corner joints of a picture frame

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34
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Regulates the flow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk, which divides into pulmonary arteries that lead to the lungs

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35
Q

Pulmonary

A

Means pertaining to the lungs

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36
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs

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37
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Vessels that carry blood from the lungs back to the heart

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38
Q

Aortic valve

A

After flowing from the left atrium to the left, ventricle, blood leaves the heart by way of the______ _____ which regulates the flow of blood into the aorta
Valve leading to the aorta from the left ventricle

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39
Q

Semi lunar valves

A

The pulmonary and aortic valves are also called(because of the half moon appearance of the cusps)

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40
Q

Valve

A

Structure that closes and prevents backflow of blood

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41
Q

Heart

A

Lies in the thoracic cavity and the thoracic cavity is the chest cavity

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42
Q

Media/stinum
Mediastinum

A

*Is an area in the chest cavity between the lungs. It contains the heart and its large vessels, the trachea, the esophagus and nearby structures, such as the lymph nodes
* a space in the middle of the thoracic cavity

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43
Q

Coronary

A

Means in circling in the manner of a crown

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44
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Arteries that supply blood to the heart

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45
Q

Pericardium

A

The heart is enclosed in__________, a membranous sac
Outer membranous sac of the heart

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46
Q

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

A

The tissue layers of the heart starting from the outside

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47
Q

Myocardium

A
  • is the thick metal muscular layer that is made up of fibers that contract Cardiac muscle tissue
    The thick, contractile middle layer is made up of muscle fibers that contract which results in a ringing type of movement, that squeezes blood from the heart
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48
Q

Endocardium

A

*Is the membrane lining the inside of the heart, innermost layer(innermost layer)
Inner lining of the heart
Membrane inside the heart

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49
Q

Pericardium

A

A tough fibrous tissue that constitutes that outermost sac fits loosely around the heart and protects it

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50
Q

Visceral pericardium
A.k.a. epicardium

A

The pericardium is composed of an inner visceral layer and an outer tougher layer (parietal pericardium)

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51
Q

Epicardium

A

Lies on the surface of the heart

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52
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

The space between the two layers

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53
Q

Septum

A

A dividing wall, or partition

The four chambered heart is separated into right, and left chambers by a partition called______

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54
Q

Two main coronary arteries.

A

Left coronary artery(LCA)
Right coronary (RCA)

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55
Q

Three layers of tissue of the heart

A

Innermost endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium, a.k.a. Visceral pericardium

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56
Q

Two upper chambers of the heart

A

Right and left atria(singular-atrium)

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57
Q

Two lower chambers of the heart

A

Right and left ventricles

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58
Q

Ventricular

A

Means pertaining to a ventricul

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59
Q

Atrioventricular
atri(o)+ventricular

A

AV or A-V pertaining to an atrium and ventricle of the heart

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60
Q

Heart valves

A

The structure that prevent backflow of blood, by opening, and closing with each heartbeat

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61
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

Vena cava
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery

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62
Q

Oxygenated

A

lungs: exchange of CO2 and O2
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta

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63
Q

Atria
Ventricles

A

Both atria contract simultaneously, followed by simultaneous contraction of both ventricles

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64
Q

Cardiac conduction system

A

Composed of highly specialized tissue that is capable of producing and conveying electric impulses

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65
Q

Sino/atrial (SA) node
Sinoatrial Node

A
  • in the heart is also known as the natural pacemaker,
    Located at the junction of the right atrium, and the superior vena cava
    SA node is also called the sinus node
    SA node is the natural pacemaker of the heart
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66
Q

Sinus

A

A cavity or channel

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67
Q

AV node

A

Atrioventricular node
It’s a special type of cardiac tissue and is located near the septal wall between the left and right atria

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68
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Modified, cardiac fibers that constitute the terminal ramifications of the conducting system of the heart

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69
Q

Blood vessels

A

Play an important role in providing a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients to the cells

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70
Q

Capillary

A

Where the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide takes place consists of a single layer of endothelial cells yet blood vessels, especially the arteries are subject to great pressure with each heartbeat

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71
Q

Arteries, veins, and capillaries

A

Are lined with endothelium, a layer of epithelial cells, which secrete substances that prevent blood clotting, and regulate the tone of the vessels

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72
Q

Arteries and veins

A

Have three additional layers: an inner layer, a muscular layer, and a white fibrosis outer layer. Arteries are thicker than veins, and their outer layer is elastic, allowing them to expand as the heartbeat forces blood into them.

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73
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart, and for this reason, blood pressure is much higher in the arteries than in veins

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74
Q

Veins

A

Also contain valves at various intervals to control the direction of the blood flow back to the heart

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75
Q

Arteri/al

A

Pertaining to one or more arteries

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76
Q

Ven/ous

A

Pertaining to, composed of, or affecting veins

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77
Q

arterio/ven/ous

A

Artery/vein/pertaining to
Pertaining to both arteries and veins

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78
Q

atri/al

A

atrium/pertaining to
Pertaining to an atrium

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79
Q

cardio/pulmon/ary

A

heart/lungs/pertaining to
Pertaining to the heart and lungs

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80
Q

sept/al

A

Septum/pertaining to
Pertaining to the septum

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81
Q

peri/cardi/al

A

Inside/heart/pertaining to
Pertaining to the pericardium

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82
Q

Endo/cardi/al

A

Inside/heart/pertaining to
Pertaining to the endocardium

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83
Q

myo/cardi/al

A

Muscle/heart/pertaining to
Pertaining to the myocardium

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84
Q

pulmon/ary

A

lung/pertaining to
Pertaining to the lungs

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85
Q

phlebo/tom/ist

A

vein/to cut/one who
Person with special training in the practice of drawing blood

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86
Q

phlebo/tomy

A

vein/incision, puncture
Opening of a vein to draw blood for laboratory analysis

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87
Q

myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

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88
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart

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89
Q

arteriovenous

A

Pertaining to both arteries and veins

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90
Q

Endocardial

A

Pertaining to the inner lining of the heart

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91
Q

Ventricular

A

Pertaining to the lower heart chambers

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92
Q

Septal

A

Pertaining to the septum

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93
Q

Atrial

A

Pertaining to the upper heart chambers

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94
Q

Aorta

A

Is the main trunk of the systemic arterial system.
Divide the aorta into three major portions
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Descending aorta, which is further divided into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta

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95
Q

Ascending aorta branch

A

Palmar arches
Ulnar
Radial
Brachial
Axiliary
Write subclavian
Brachiocephalic
Right common carotid
external carotid
Internal carotid
Vertebral
Left common carotid
left subclavian
Aortic arch

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96
Q

Aortic, arch branches

A

Ascending aorta
Coreneri

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97
Q

Thoracic, aorta branches

A

Thoracic aorta

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98
Q

Abdominal aorta branches

A

Common hepatic
Renal
Superior mesenteric
Abdominal aorta
Femoral
Popliteal
anterior tibial
posterior tibial
Dorsal is pedis
left gastric
Splenic
Renal
Gonadal
Interior mesenteric
Left common iliac
Internal iliac
External iliac

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99
Q

aort/ic

A

aorta/ pertaining to
pertaining to the aorta

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100
Q

intra/aort/ic

A

within/aorta/pertaining to
Within the aorta

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101
Q

valv/al

A

valve/pertaining to
pertaining to a valve

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102
Q

valv/ate

A

valve/the result of an action
Having valves

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103
Q

valvul/ar
valvular

A

Valve/pertaining to
Pertaining to a valve

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104
Q

Flow of the blood

A

Oxygen poor blood is Delivered to the right side of the heart beer, the two largest beans, the superior and inferior vena cava. The blood from these two large veins is emptied into the chamber of the heart, called the right atrium. When the heart contracts, what is force through the tricuspid valve to the lower chamber, called the right ventricle. Another contraction of the heart forces, the blood into the pulmonary artery, which branches and carries blood to the lungs, work picks up oxygen. The pulmonary veins take blood back to the heart chamber, called the left atrium. The flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle is controlled by the bicuspid valve. Blood is then pumped into the largest artery in the body the aorta. This vessel, branches many times to become arteries, which organ branch many times to become the smallest artery is called arteriole, which intern branch to become the smallest vessels, where oxygen is delivered to body tissues, these vessels called capillaries, are composed of only a single layer of cells and are continuous with venules, which, in turn or continuous with larger vessels, called veins. These vessels are directly or indirectly connected with the vena cava.

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105
Q

Heart rate (pulse rate)
blood pressure BP

A

Give a preliminary indication of how well the heart is functioning

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106
Q

Blood pressure

A
  • measures pressure in the large arteries at the height of the pulse wave

Is the pressure exerted by the circulating volume of blood, on the walls of the arteries and veins, and on the chambers of the heart

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107
Q

Indirect measurement

A

It’s made with a stethoscope, and a sphygmomanometer

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108
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

A blood pressure cuff and pressure gauge

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109
Q

Systolic pressure

A

The first sound heard is noted

The higher reading indicates the ________ ________

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110
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

The last sound heard (80 mm Hg)

The lower reading indicates the _________ ________

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111
Q

Taking a blood pressure

A

Cuff pressure inflated above systolic pressure (no pulse sound heard) brachial artery occluded by cuff, no blood flow
Systolic pressure
Pressure in cuff is released to below systolic, but higher than diastolic. Blood spurts into constricted artery.
120mm Hg
Sounds first heard
Diastolic pressure
Pressure in cuff below diastolic
Blood flows freely 80 mm Hg
Sounds disappear

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112
Q

Measurement of blood pressure

A

A. No phones are heard because the pressure in the cup is higher than the systolic pressure
B. The first sound heard.(a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg is noted.
C. The last sound heard (80 mm Hg) represents the diastolic pressure.
This example represents a normal blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg (the height of the mercury in a graduated column on the blood pressure apparatus)
Three types of instruments for indirect measurement of blood pressure. Mercury, aneroid, and automatic digital.
D. This type of apparatus has been used in healthcare for more than a century.
E. Anaeroid types have an easy to redial and wall-mounted models are recommended because mechanical jarring may result in less accurate readings
F. An automatic digital instrument that a person can use at home. It also records the pulse.(small reading of “68”

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113
Q

Indirect blood pressure readings

A

Consist of two numbers expressed as a fraction
The first number represents the maximum pressure on the artery
The second number represents the amount of pressure that still exist when the heart is relaxed(in other words, not contracting)

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114
Q

mm Hg

A

Millimeters of mercury

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115
Q

Systole

A

Blood pressure is at its highest point (when the ventricles contract) during_______
Blood pressure that is measured when the ventricles contract is the __________ pressure

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116
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of the ventricles in a heartbeat

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117
Q

Arteries are used to measure blood pressure, and the reading is a reflection of cardiac output, and arterial resistance.

A
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118
Q

Four factors that increase blood pressure are the

A
  1. increased cardiac output.
  2. increase the blood volume.
  3. Increased blood viscosity
  4. Loss of elasticity, of the artery walls.
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119
Q

Arteries

A

Blood pressure readings, reflect the quantity of blood flow through the heart and resistance in the walls of the________

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120
Q

Hyper/tension

A

Abbreviated HTN, is increased blood pressure

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121
Q

Hypo/tension

A

Means decreased blood pressure

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122
Q

Electro/cardio/graphy

A

The process of recording that electrical currents of the heart

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123
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

The record produced in electrocardiography is an

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124
Q

Electrocardiograph

A
  • means instrument used to record electrical currents of the heart

The name of the instrument that is used in a electrocardiography is an

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125
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

Normal heart rhythm

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126
Q

ECG

A

Electrocardiogram

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127
Q

Reading the electrocardiogram

A
  1. The first wave begins to cycle and represents the contraction of the arteri when force in the blood into the ventricles.
  2. The high pointed hill complex represents the contraction of the ventricles and forth in the blood, into both the pulmonary and systemic circulation.
  3. The last wave relaxation of the heart occurs.
    Then the cycle begins again
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128
Q

Tele/cardio/graphy

A

Is the recording of a telecardiogram by transmission of impulses to a site that is distant from the patient, it is now regularly done via telephone to a referral center or a physician’s office

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129
Q

Holter monitor

A

Is a portable electrocardiograph that a person can wear while conducting normal activities
This device records, heart activity overtime, and during various activities to aid in the diagnosis of cardiac problems that occur intermittently

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130
Q

Tachy/cardia

A

An increased pulse rate (greater than 100 bpm) is

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131
Q

Brady/Cardia
Bradycardia

A
  • refers to slow heart rate of less than 60 bpm
    Decreased pulse rate(less than 60 bpm) is
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132
Q

Lipids

A

Are fatty substances in the body
Cholesterol and triglycerides

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133
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A
  • means the thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls
    Hardening of the arteries
    High levels of these two lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) are associated with greater risk
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134
Q

Lipo/proteins

A

Are special proteins that transports lipids in the blood

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135
Q

Low-density Lipoproteins (LDLs)

A

It’s associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease

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136
Q

High-density lipo proteins (HDLs)

A

Are associated with decreased cardiac risk profiles

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137
Q

A lipid profile report

A

Shows the amount of LDLs & HDLs

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138
Q

Hypercholesterolemia
Hyperlipidemia

A

Mean, greater than normal amount of cholesterol and lipids in the blood, respectively
Either of these may lead to atherosclerosis

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139
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Increased blood cholesterol level

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140
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Increase lipids in the blood

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141
Q

Blood test to assess heart damage

A

LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) &
CK (creatine kinase) also called CPK (Creatine phosphokinase)
Levels of these enzymes usually rise within a few hours after a heart attack

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142
Q

Examination of a chest x-ray

A

Gives information about the size and position of the heart(noninvasive)

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143
Q

Cardiac computed tomography

A

Produces cross-sectional images of the heart
Noninvasive

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144
Q

Cardiac MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart
Non-invasive

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145
Q

Doppler ultrasonography

A

Noninvasive procedure using ultrasonic waves

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146
Q

Echocardiography

A

Ultrasonography of the heart

To monitor blood flow through the heart or blood vessels, allowing the examiner to hear and record alterations in blood flow. It can locate vessel obstructions and measure the speed of blood flow.
Non-invasive

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147
Q

Echocardiogram

A
  • means a record of the heart produced during echocardiography

The graphic record of the heart obtained during echocardiography
Doppler ultrasonography is a technique in which Doppler echocardiography is used to evaluate the direction and pattern of blood flow within the heart

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148
Q

Transesophageal echocardiogram

A

(TEE ) is an endoscopic ultrasound test that provides ultrasonic Imaging of the heart from a retrocardiac vantage point (inside the esophagus)

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149
Q

Positron emission tomography

A

A computerized radiographic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine the myocardial metabolic activity

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150
Q

Echocardiographer

A

One who demonstrates the procedure of an echocardiography

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151
Q

Stress test

A

Test that measure the hearts response during controlled, physiologic stress, usually exercise

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152
Q

Treadmill, stress test

A

In the treadmill, exercise test, an ECG and other measurements are taken, while the patient walks on a inclined treadmill at varying speeds and inclines

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153
Q

Thallium stress test

A

And other nuclear medicine procedures, also measure cardiovascular function, particularly in coronary artery disease

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154
Q

Non-invasive procedures include the following

A

Cardiac computed tomography
Cardiac MRI
Doppler ultrasonography
Echocardiographic
Echocardiogram
Transesophageal echocardiogram
Positron emission tomography
Stress tests
Treadmill, stress test
Thallium stress test

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155
Q

Invasive procedures include the following

A

Arteriography
Anteriograph
Anteriogram
Coronary arteriography
Aortography
Aortogram
Cardiac catheterization
Coronary angiography
Coronary angiogram, a.k.a. angiocardiography
digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
electrophysiology studies

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156
Q

Arterio/graphy

A

Radiography of arteries, after injection of radiopaque material into the bloodstream.
Literally, this word means recording of the arteries

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157
Q

Arteriograph
Arteriogram Used interchangeably

A

Just as photographs is used to mean the record produced in photography

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158
Q

Coronary arteriography

A

Is a radiographic procedure used to study coronary arteries

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159
Q

Aorto/graphy

A

Is radiography of the aorta after introduction of a contrast medium

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160
Q

Aortogram

A

The film produced by aortography

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161
Q

Thoracic, Abdominal, and renal aortography

A

Are examples of areas of the aorta that are studied

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162
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

A diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is introduced through an incision in to a large blood vessel of the arm leg or neck, and threaded through the circulatory system to the heart

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163
Q

Coronary angiography
Angiocardiography

A

Radiography of the heart, and it’s vessels by injecting of radioplaque contrast medium directly into coronary arteries, using the same procedure as that used for cataract catheterization

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164
Q

Coronary angiogram

A

The record that is produced in a angiography

165
Q

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

A

Provides computer–enhanced radiographic images of blood vessels filled with contrast material

166
Q

Electrophysiology studies

A

Use electrode catheters inserted into the right side of the heart to identify disturbances in different cardiac structures

167
Q

Echocardiography

A

Ultrasonography of the heart

168
Q

Aortography

A

Radiography of the aorta

169
Q

Arteriogram

A

Image produced in radiography of the arteries

170
Q

Cardiovascular disease

A

Is any abnormal condition characterized by dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels

171
Q

Congenital heart disease

A

If heart disease is present at birth

172
Q

atrio/megaly
atrium /enlargement

A

Abnormal enlargement of an atrium

173
Q

Cardio/myo/pathy
heart/muscle/disease
cardiomyopathy

A
  • is a general term meaning disease of the heart muscle
    A general diagnostic term that designates primary myocardial disease. In other words, the disease originated in the myocardium
174
Q

Endocard/itis
Endocardium/information

A

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by infectious microorganisms

175
Q

Myocard/itis
Myocardium /inflammation

A

Inflammation of the muscle tissue of the heart.
Cardiomyopathy that results in insufficient, oxygen, damaged valves, or high blood pressure
This may be caused by an infection, rheumatic, fever, a chemical agent, or a complication of another disease

176
Q

Pericard/itis
Pericardium/inflammation

A

Inflammation of the pericardium,( membranous sac that surrounds the heart) owing to an infectious microorganism, a cancerous, growth, or a variety of other causes

177
Q

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A

Is an abnormal opening in the septum, dividing the right, and the left ventricles
This defect is a type of congenital heart disease

178
Q

atrial septal defect (ASD)

A

Is an abnormal opening in the part of the septum that separates the right and the left atria
This defect is a congenital heart disease

179
Q

Heart murmurs

A

Abnormal heart sounds

180
Q

Cyanosis

A

Is a blue or bluish discoloration of the skin, and mucous membranes, that results from insufficient oxygen to the tissues

181
Q

Patent ductus arteri osis (PDA)

A

An abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

This defect is a type of congenital heart disease

182
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Narrowing of a part of the aorta

This defect is a type of congenital heart disease

183
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Four congenital heart defects named for the French physician
-pulmonary stenosis
-Right ventricular hyper trophy
-Intraventricular septum
-aortic defect

This defect is a type of congenital heart disease

184
Q

A/rrhythmia
No or without/rhythm

A

Without rhythm

185
Q

Arrhythmia
Dys/rhyth/mia (more technically correct)

A

A variation in the normal rhythm of the heartbeat
a disturbance of the rhythm

186
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Means an abnormal, disordered, or disturbed rhythm

187
Q

Heart flutters

A

Are rapid contractions of either the atria or the ventricles, and can be seen on the electrocardiogram

188
Q

Heart palpitations

A

Are subjective sensations of a pounding or racing heart. It can be associated with heart disease, but some persons, experience, palpitations, and yet have no evidence of heart disease. In these cases, the palpitations are believed to be emotional responses to stress.

189
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

Is a severe, cardiac arrhythmia, in which ventricular contractions are to rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation

Is often a cause of cardiac arrest

190
Q

Fibrillation

A
  • means severe cardia arrhythmia in which ventricular contractions are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation
    A cardiac arrhythmia marked by rapid uncoordinated contractions
191
Q

Defibrillator

A
  • is used to stop fibrillation (or reverse fibrillation)
    Is an electronic apparatus that has defibrillator paddles that are used to make contact with the patient and deliver a preset voltage of electricity to shock the heart
    Is used to stop fibrillation
192
Q

Defibrillation

A

Stops fibrillation

193
Q

a/systole

A

Which means absence of heartbeat or contraction

194
Q

Heart block

A

Impairment in the conduction of the impulse from the SA node to other parts of the heart is known as.
When the electric impulse is not conducted throughout the heart, normal heart contraction does not occur
SA node natural pacemaker of the heart

195
Q

Atrial fibrillation (A fib)

A

A cardiac arrhythmia characterized by disorganized electric activity in the atria results in reduced stroke volume(the amount of blood ejected from ventricul during contraction) what is not a as life-threatening as ventricle fibrillation

196
Q

Other arrhythmias

A

That can be detected by electrocardiography include bradycardia, tachycardia, premature, ventricular contractions (PVCs), and atrial ventricular block (AVB)

197
Q

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT)

A

The patient may detect palpitations and racing heartbeat(150 to 250 bpm) that occur and stop suddenly paroxysmal means, occurring in sudden, repeated episodes

198
Q

Atrioventricular block

A

Is a disorder of impulse transmission between the atria and ventricles

199
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Is enlargement of the heart

200
Q

Micro/cardia

A

is abnormal smallness of the heart

201
Q

Ischemia

A

refers to Insufficient blood flow to an area (usually due to a blockage)
* means a decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part

202
Q

Myocardial ischemia

A

If the myocardial demand for oxygen exceeds the capability of diseased coronary arteries___________ _________ results.

203
Q

Agina pectoris
Or simply Agina

A

The patient may experience chest pain. The pain usually radiates along the neck, jaw, and shoulder, and down the left arm.

204
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

The pain of angina is often relieved by rest, and the use of coronary vasodilator, nitroglycerin tablets, placed under the tongue

205
Q

Sublingually

A

Under the tongue

206
Q

Anoxia

A

Means a total lack of oxygen

Means and abnormal condition characterized by absence of oxygen

207
Q

infarct

A

A localized area of damaged tissue resulting from anoxia

208
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)
Is a heart attack

A

is necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by an obstruction or a blood clot in a coronary artery. cells die, when deprived of oxygen. The death of cells in an area of the myocardium, because of the oxygen deprivation is ____________ ___________

209
Q

necrosis

A

Is the death of body tissue. It occurs when two little blood flows to the tissue

210
Q

cardiac insufficiency

A

The patient is usually left with some heart damage often resulting in failure of the heart to function normally. This deficiency of the heart is called._______ _____________.

211
Q

atrio/megaly
atriiomegaly

A

Enlargement of an atrium of the heart

212
Q

Cyan/osis

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes

213
Q

dys/rhythm/ia

A

Variation in the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

214
Q

Micro/card/ia
microcardia

A

Means smallness of the heart

215
Q

An/ox/ia

A

Abnormal condition of absence of oxygen

216
Q

dysrhythmia

A

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat

217
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)
A.k.a. congestive heart disease

A

insufficient oxygen to the heart

218
Q

edema

A

Means abnormally large amounts of fluid in tissues; swelling

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of tissue

219
Q

valvular stenosis

A

Valves, not opening fully heart valves are defective
Stenosis means narrowing
Narrowing of the opening, created by the valve stenosis of any of the heart valves can decrease blood circulation

220
Q

Valvul/itis

A

Is inflammation of a valve, especially a heart valve

221
Q

Cardiovalvulitis

A

Inflammation of the valves of the heart

222
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

Weakening of one or both mitral cusps when the heart contracts

223
Q

prolapses

A

The valve settings, rather than opening fully, and also permits leakage because of the faulty valve flaps

224
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Is damage to heart muscle and heart valves caused by episodes of rheumatic fever. Permanent damage to the heart or the valves may occur

225
Q

Hemo/pericardium
hemopericardium

A

Refers to an effusion of blood within the pericardium
Effusion means the escape a fluid into a part, such as a cavity.

226
Q

effusion

A

Means the escape of fluid into a part, such as a cavity

227
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

An accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space can lead to compression of the heart.

228
Q

shock

A

Is a life-threatening condition in which there is inadequate blood flow to the body’s tissues. It is usually associated with inadequate cardiac output, hypotension, and tissue damage.
Causes of shock include hemorrhage, or dehydration, resulting in
hypo/vo/lemia.

229
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Means an abnormally low, circulating blood volume

230
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlarged heart

231
Q

fibrillation

A

Rapid and uncoordinated ventricular contractions

232
Q

asystole

A

Absence of heartbeat, cardiac arrest

233
Q

infarct

A

A localized area of damaged tissue resulting from insufficient oxygen

234
Q

ischemia

A

insufficient blood flow to an area

235
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium
(membrane surrounding the heart)

236
Q

stenosis

A

A word that means narrowing

237
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the heart

238
Q

shock

A

A life-threatening condition in which blood flow is inadequate

239
Q

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, and veins

A

Make up the network of blood vessels that carry blood

240
Q

vaso/motor center

A

is located in the brain, regulates, vasoconstriction and vasodilation, thus influencing the diameter of the blood vessels

241
Q

vaso/dilation

A

is stretching or dilation of a vessel in the word, vasodilation, dilation means, expansion or stretching
an increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

242
Q

Dilation

A

Means expansion or stretching

243
Q

vaso/constriction
vasoconstriction

A

Opposite of vasodilation, when blood vessels, constrict, they become narrow.

*means a decrease in the diameter of blood vessels

244
Q

aneurysm

A

*is a localized dilation or ballooning out of the wall of a blood vessel.

Aneurysms can occur in many blood vessels, but most aneurysms are arterial, (because pressure is higher in the arteries, particularly the aorta) an aneurysm may rupture, causing hemorrhage, or Thrombi may form in the dilated vessel, and give rise to emboli that may obstruct smaller vessels. Aneurysms tend to occur at specific sites.

245
Q

angi/oma

A

A benign tumor of either blood (hem/angi/Ima) or lymph (lymph/angi/oma) vessels. Angiomas are not malignant and sometimes disappear spontaneously. Whether a hemangioma, or lymphangioma, the tumor consists of a mass of blood vessels. A lymphangioma is a tumor composed of mass of lymphatic vessels.

246
Q

Angio/stenosis

A

Narrowing of the diameter of a vessel. Narrowing of the aorta is aortic stenosis, in which blood cannot flow efficiently from the left ventricle into the aorta, and the condition may lead to congestive heart failure. Stenosis, as well as stricture, means an abnormal condition characterized by narrowing or constrction of an opening or passageway.

247
Q

aortic stenosis

A

Narrowing of the aorta, in which blood cannot flow, efficiently from the left ventricle into the aorta

248
Q

Stricture

A

Means an abnormal condition, characterized by narrowing or constriction of an opening or passageway

249
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

Blood flows back into the left ventricle during diastole because the aortic valve does not close completely. The heart will work harder in an attempt to deliver needed oxygen and nutrients to all the bodies cells. Also called aortic insufficiency.

250
Q

Arterio/scler/osis
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries

A

*A thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls.
literal interpretation of arteriosclerosis is hardening of the arteries. Sclerosis means abnormal hardening of tissue.

251
Q

Arterio/sclero/tic heart disease (ASHD)

A

hardening and thickening of the walls of the coronary arteries. This reduces the oxygen supply to the myocardium, and may lead to a heart attack.

252
Q

lumen

A

Cavity

253
Q

plaque

A

Is one of the major causes of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial, infarction, and other cardiac disorders,

254
Q

cerebro/vascular accident (CVA)
cerebrovascular accident
(commonly known as a stroke)

A
  • is caused by occlusion of a vessel (clot) in the brain
    An abnormal condition characterized by occlusion of a vessel of the brain, by an embolus, thrombus, or cerebrovascular hemorrhage or spasm that results in ischemia of the brain tissues, also called a stroke.
255
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

An abnormal condition of the coronary arteries that causes a reduced flow of oxygen, and nutrients to the myocardium; may precede a heart attack

256
Q

Coronary occlusion

A
  • a complete obstruction of an artery in the heart
    Obstruction or blockage of a coronary artery. That occlusion may result from a thrombus, but it is more likely to be caused by a narrowing of the lumen of the blood vessel by plaque.
257
Q

Coronary thrombosis

A
  • means a thrombus (blood clot) in a coronary artery
    Formation of a blood clot in a coronary artery
258
Q

peripheral vascular disease

A

Blockage or narrowing of arteries, especially those conditions, affecting the lower extremities and resulting in interference of adequate blood flow to the extremities. Atherosclerosis is one cause of this condition.

259
Q

Aort/itis
Aortitis

A

Inflammation of the aorta

260
Q

aorto/sclerosis

A

Hardening of the aorta

261
Q

aneurysm/al

A

Pertaining to an aneurysm

262
Q

angio/card/itis

A

Inflammation of the heart and large blood vessels

263
Q

Arter/itis

A

Inflammation of the artery

264
Q

arterio/pathy
arteriopathy

A

Refers to any disease of the arteries

265
Q

Angeostenosis

A

Narrowing of the diameter of a vessel

266
Q

aneurysmal

A

Pertaining to a localized dilation of the wall of a blood vessel

267
Q

lymph/angi/oma
lymphangioma

A

A benign tumor composed of lymph vessels

268
Q

Arterio/clerosis

A

Thickening and loss of elasticity of the arteries

269
Q

angio/card/itis

A

Inflammation of the heart and large blood vessels

270
Q

aneurysm

A

A term for a localized, dilation, or ballooning out of the wall of a blood vessel

271
Q

occlusion

A

A closing off of a coronary artery

272
Q

Thrombosis

A

*is a blood clot
Formation of a blood clot in a coronary artery

273
Q

atherosclerosis
athero/sclerosis

A

means fatty deposits on hardened arterial walls

274
Q

Aortosclerosis

A

Hardening of the aorta

275
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing of the diameter of the aorta

276
Q

varicose veins

A

Are swollen and knotted and occur most often in the legs. They result from sluggish blood flow in combination with weakened walls and incompetent valves in the veins

277
Q

phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

278
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot deep vein thrombophlebitis involves a thrombus in one of the deep veins of the body, most commonly the iliac or femoral veins.

279
Q

Venous thrombosis

A

Formation of a thrombus within a vein, may be a complication of phlebitis. It may also result from an injury to the leg or prolonged bed confinement.

280
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Are a type of varicose veins in the lower, rectum or anus

281
Q

Phlebo/stasis
phlebostasis

A
  • means controlling the flow of blood in a vein
    May be a spontaneous, slowing down of blood flow in a vein, or the result of a deliberate act, in which one compresses the vein to control the flow of blood temporarily.
282
Q

phlebostasis

A

means either a spontaneous venous stasis, or stopping the flow of blood in a vein by application of a tourniquet on an extremity

283
Q

Tourniquet

A

is a device applied around an extremity to control the circulation and prevent the flow of blood to or from the distal area in life-threatening hemorrhage, and used routinely during phlebotomy

284
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

285
Q

Phlebostasis

A

Slowing down of blood flow in a vein

286
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot

287
Q

Venous thrombosis

A

Formation of a blood clot with a vein

288
Q

Cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A
  • reestablishes, heart and lung action

artificial respiration and external cardiac massage are administered

is a basic emergency procedure for life-support, consisting of manual external, cardiac massage and artificial respiration. The artificial respiration can be mouth, mouth breathing, or a mechanical form of ventilation.
CPR is used in cases of cardiac arrest to establish effective circulation and ventilation to prevent irreversible, cerebral and cardiac damage resulting from anoxia

289
Q

cardiac pacemaker

A

A small battery powered device that is generally used to increase the heart rate by electrically, stimulating the heart muscle, depending on the patients need a cardiac pacemaker may be permanent or temporary, and may fire only on demand or at a constant rate

290
Q

Cardio/version
Cardioversion

A
  • means restoration of normal heart rhythm by electric shock

Uses electric shock to restore the normal rhythm of the heart with a device that delivers a direct current shock

291
Q

Cardioverter

A

Is a device that detects sustained ventricular, tachycardia, or fibrillation, and terminates it by a shock that restores the normal rhythm
Automatic implantable

292
Q

Defibrillation

A

stops fibrillation. this implanted device is called an automatic implantable cardioverter.

293
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Narrowing of the aortic valve

294
Q

Cardio/plegia
cardioplegia

A
  • means stopping the contraction of the heart for heart surgery
    Surgery on the heart
295
Q

Cardioplegic solutions

A

Solutions used to stop the hearts action so that surgery may be performed on the heart

296
Q

cardiopulmonary bypass

A

Surgeries involving the heart and major vessels generally require_______ _______ a procedure in which the heart is bypassed by providing an extra/corporeal outside the body) device to pump blood.
The blood is diverted from the heart and lungs to a pump, oxygenator, then returned directly to the aorta and pumped to the rest of the body

297
Q

Bypass

A

Is also used to mean bypass surgery

298
Q

Coronary artery bypass

A

Is an open heart surgery in which a prosthesis, or a section of a blood vessel is grafted onto one of the coronary arteries, bypassing a blocked or narrowed coronary artery in coronary artery disease. If a vessel, from elsewhere in the patient’s body is used to provide an alternate route for the blood to circumvent the obstructed coronary artery, the surgery is called coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

299
Q

Shunt

A

A.k.a. bypass - one that circumvents a vessel that supplies blood to the heart is called a coronary artery bypass.

300
Q

Per/cutane/ous

A

Means performed through the skin procedures to improve blood flow in a particular vessel, involves the use of a catheter monitored by fluoroscopy that is introduced through blood vessel

301
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
applies to Coronary artery

A

The management of coronary artery occlusion by any of the catheter-based techniques
these procedures include the compression or removal of plaque that may be preventing adequate blood flow

302
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention is invasive management of coronary arteries, but doesn’t involve the trauma of regular surgery
involves the use of catheters inserted into occluded or stenosed arteries

303
Q

Angioplasty

A

Means surgical repair of a blood vessel that has become damaged by disease or injury

304
Q

laser assisted angioplasty

A

Applies to arteries in general, and is the opening of an occluded artery with laser, energy delivered to the site through a fiberoptic probe

305
Q

excimer laser coronary angioplasty

A

Is used to remove blockage in a Coronary artery

306
Q

Stent

A

An expandable mesh like structure

307
Q

Balloon angioplasty and placement of a coronary artery stent

A

A small balloon tipped catheter is threaded into a Coronaryi artery and inflated to compress the plaque, a stent is placed over the angioplasty site to keep the coronary artery open

308
Q

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A

A catheter equipped with a inflatable balloon tip is inserted into a partially included Coronary artery. after the catheter is passed through and just passed the appropriate area the balloon at the tip of the catheter is inflated and the atherosclerotic plaque is compressed (balloon, angioplasty)

309
Q

Intracoronary stent

A

Is sometimes inserted during PTCA to treat abrupt or threaten closure of a coronary artery

310
Q

Stent

A

sometimes, containing drugs to discourage blood clots are expandable mesh-like structures that are placed over the angioplasty site to keep the vessel open by compressing the artery walls

311
Q

Intra/ coronary

A

Pertains to the interior of a coronary artery

312
Q

Angio/genesis

A

occurs in a healthy body for healing wounds and restoring blood flow to tissues after injury

313
Q

Therapeutic angiogenesis

A

Is a treatment of ischemic organs or tissues
Example puncturing and ischemic heart to stimulate the creation of new blood vessels

314
Q

Atherectomy

A

Uses a specially designed catheter for cutting away, plaque from the lining of an artery
Cutting away, plaque from the interior of an artery with a rotational blade

315
Q

End/arter/ectomy back to me

A

is surgical excision of arteriosclerotic plaque from the inner wall of obstructed artery

316
Q

Carotid artery

A

One of several sites in the body were plaque commonly forms, and this occlusion causes restricted blood flow to the brain

317
Q

Carotid endarterectomy

A

Removal of arteriosclerotic plaque from an obstructed carotid artery, usually done to prevent stroke

318
Q

formation of a blood

A

Is often prevented by administration of an oral anticoagulant

319
Q

thrombus

A

Blood clot

320
Q

once a thrombus in an artery is formed

A

It is sometimes treated with a thrombo/lytic agent to dissolve the clot

321
Q

Thrombolytic

A

An agent used to dissolve a blood clot

322
Q

intravascular thrombosis

A
  • formation of a blood clot within a vessel
    The thrombolytic agent is delivered through a catheter and infused into the clot, which often dissolves over a period of time
323
Q

intravascular thrombolysis

A

The use of a catheter to deliver a thrombolic agent to dissolve a blood clot is called

324
Q

sclero/therapy

A

Direct injection of a sclerosing agent, can be performed in an office setting and causes minimal discomfort it successfully illuminates on slightly superficial varicose vein, but does not prevent development of further varicosities

325
Q

varicose veins

A

Conservative treatment of varicose veins includes evaluation of the limb, compression stockings, and exercise. Surgical intervention for varicose veins involves tying off the entire vein and removing its incompetent tributaries. .

326
Q

Phleb/ectomy

A

is a surgical removal of a vein. This procedure may involve removing only a segment of the vein.
this may be necessary for treatment of varicose veins.

327
Q

compression devices to help prevent varicose thrombosis

A

Compression stocking that patient can apply sequential compression device that the nurse can use to stimulate circulation and prevent Venous stasis

328
Q

phlebo/plasty

A

vein/surgical repair
Surgical repair of a vein

329
Q

pericardio/centesis

A

pericardium/surgical puncture
Surgical puncture of a pericardium.
This is done to draw off fluid that has accumulated in the pericardial space

330
Q

Atrio/septo/plasty

A

Atrium/septum/surgical repair
surgical repair of the septum in the area between the right and left atria. This is performed when necessary for surgical closure of the abnormal opening between the atria.

331
Q

Angio/stomy

A

vessel/formation of a new opening
Formation of a new opening into a blood vessel

332
Q

angio/tomy

A

vessel/incision
Incision of a blood or lymphatic vessel

333
Q

angi/ectomy
angiectomy

A
  • excision, (cutting out) of a blood vessel
    (vessel/excision
    Excision of a vessel
334
Q

embol/ectomy

A

embolus/excision
Excision of an embolus

335
Q

arrhythmia

A

Internal cardioverter
(without rhythm)

336
Q

Atrial septal defect

A

atrioseptoplasty

337
Q

blocked coronary artery

A

PTCA

338
Q

plaque in a peripheral artery

A

Atherectomy

339
Q

severe bradycardia

A

Cardiac pacemaker

340
Q

Varicose veins

A

Phlebectomy

341
Q

Lymphatic system
Important functions

A
  1. helps protect and maintain the internal fluid environment of the body by producing, filtering, and conveying lymph.
  2. absorbs and transports fats to the blood system
  3. serves as an important part of the immune system.
342
Q

B lymphocytes (B cells)
T lymphocytes (T cells)

A

B cells and T cells are involved in antibody- and cell-mediated immunity, respectively

343
Q

lymphatic system, a.k.a. lymphatics

A

This system is composed of lymphatic vessels, a fluid, called lymph, lymph nodes, and three organs: the spleen, thymus, and tonsils

344
Q

Lymph

A

The fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels

345
Q

lymphatic organs

A

The spleen, the tonsils, and the thymus contain lymphatic tissue and are specialized_________ ______

346
Q

spleen

A

Is a large organ situated in the upper left part of the abdominal cavity

it performs important tasks, such as defense, production of lymphocytes and plasma cells, blood storage , and destruction and recycling of red blood cells and platelets
You can live without a spleen

347
Q

splen/ic

A

Refers to the spleen
pertaining to the spleen

348
Q

spleno/lymphatic

A

pertains to the spleen and the lymph nodes

349
Q

Thymus a.k.a. thymus gland

A

because it is a glandlike body.
it is located in the anterior mediastinal cavity and is important in the maturation of T cells, lymphocytes that are involved in cell mediated immunity.
The thymus, usually obtains its greatest absolute size at puberty, and then becomes smaller

350
Q

palatine tonsils

A

(The palate is the roof of the mouth, the bony partition between the oral and nasal cavities). The palatine tonsils are usually what one is referring to when the term tonsil is used. But one should be aware that the tonsils are small masses of lymphatic tissue of several types, including the palatine and lingual (lingu(o), tongue + -al, pertaining to) tonsils, as well as the adenoids, (also called pharyngeal tonsils)

351
Q

Tonsill/ar

A

Means pertaining to a tonsil

352
Q

lymphatic system

A

Excess fluid is normally transported away from the tissues by a vascular network

353
Q

lymph

A

The system is composed of vessels, nodes, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and a fluid called_____

354
Q

veins

A

The fluid flows in one direction only, away from the tissue, and is eventually emptied into the subclavian _____, test, returning the fluid to the systemic circulation.

355
Q

Specialized lymphatic organs

A

Spleen, tonsils, and the thymus

356
Q

splenic

A

Pertaining to the spleen

357
Q

thymic

A

Pertaining to the thymus

358
Q

tonsillar

A

Pertaining to the palatine tonsils/ tonsils

359
Q

lympo/graphy

A

The lymphatic channels and lymph nodes can be x-rayed after injection of radiopaque material into a lymphatic vessel

360
Q

lymphogram

A

Means the picture produced in lymphography

361
Q

lymph/angio/graphy

A

The lymphatic vessels are the focus of study in________________, radiology of the lymphatic vessels, after the injection of a contrast medium

362
Q

lymphadeno/graph

A

The lymph nodes are the focus of study

363
Q

imaging of lymphoid organs

A

Can also be accomplished using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear magnetic imaging

364
Q

biopsies of lymph nodes

A

Are important tools for diagnosis of the spread of cancer, and are routine during many surgeries in which cancerous organs are removed

365
Q

Sentinel node

A

The first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from a malignant tumor is
this node is identified using radioactive dye which causes the node to light up, like a sentinel indicating that the node is the most appropriate one for examination

366
Q

Biopsy of lymph nodes

A

Near cancerous organs is an important tool to determine whether cancer has spread

367
Q

Lymphography

A

radiography of the lymphatic vessels and nodes after injection of radiopaque material is

368
Q

lymphangiography

A

radiology of the lymphatic vessels, after injection of a contrast medium

369
Q

biopsy of the lymph nodes

A

Removal of tissue from the lymph nodes to determine whether cancer has spread from a nearby organ is called

370
Q

adenoid/itis

A

Inflammation of the adenoids

When the adenoids are enlarged as a result of frequent infection, they can obstruct the passageway and removal may be indicated.

371
Q

Lymph/aden/itis

A

Inflammation of a lymph gland.
This inflammatory condition can result from a bacterial or viral infection, or other inflammatory condition, and the location of the affected node is indicative of the site of the infection.

372
Q

lymph/adeno/pathy

A

any disorder characterized by a localized, or generalized enlargement of the lymph nodes or limp vessels?

373
Q

lymph/ang/itis
lymph/vessel/inflammation

A

inflammation of the lymphatic vessel, often the result of an acute streptococcal infection of one of the extremities

374
Q

lymph/edema
lymphedema

A
  • obstruction with lymph vessels, or lymph nodes, causing accumulation of interstitual fluid

*Swelling from obstruction of the lymphatics

swelling of the subcutaneous tissue of an extremity as a result of obstruction of the lymphatics
is hypoplasia and maldevelopment of the lymphatic system, resulting in swelling, and sometimes grotesque distortion of the extremities

375
Q

lymph/oma

A

A type of neoplasm (tumor) or lymphoid tissue that originates in the system itself, and it’s usually malignant

376
Q

Hodgkin disease,
non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

two main types of lymphomas
Not all malignancies of the lymphatic system, originate in the system itself. Cancer cells may be brought to the lymphatics via lymph and may result in lymphatic carcinoma.

377
Q

Lympho/stasis

A

Stoppage of lymph flow

378
Q

thrombo/lymphang/itis

A

inflammation of a limp vessel caused by a blood clot

379
Q

spleno/megaly

A

Enlargement of the spleen

380
Q

Spleno/pathy
Splenopathy

A

Any disease of the spleen

381
Q

spleno/ptosis

A

A downward displacement (sagging) of the spleen

382
Q

thym/oma

A

A tumor, usually benign, of the thymus

383
Q

thymo/pathy

A

Any disease of the thymus

384
Q

tonsill/itis

A

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils

385
Q

splenomegaly

A
  • means enlargement of the spleen

Enlarged spleen

386
Q

lymphangitis

A

inflammation of the lymph vessel
Penicillin and hot soaks are usually prescribed

387
Q

lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation of a lymph node

388
Q

tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils

389
Q

Lymphoma

A
  • means a lymphatic tumor
    Tumor originating in the lymphatics
390
Q

lymphaden/ectomy
Lymphadenectomy

A

is excision of a lymph node

391
Q

radio/therapy

A

is treatment of tumors, using radiation to kill malignant cells and deter their proliferation

392
Q

Spleno/pexy
splenopexy

A

Surgical fixation of the spleen

Splenoptosis, prolapse of the spleen, can be corrected by surgical fixation of the spleen. The surgery is called__________.

393
Q

spleno/rrhaphy
Splenorrhaphy

A
  • refers to suture of the spleen
    ruptured spleen, often requires surgical intervention.

Surgical removal of the spleen is splenectomy.

394
Q

Splenectomy

A

Surgical removal of the spleen

395
Q

Thymectomy

A

refers to removal (excision) of the thymus

396
Q

tonsillectomy

A

Surgical removal of the tonsils

Excision of the tonsils, a tonsillectomy is performed to treat a chronic infection of the tonsils.

397
Q

Adenoidectomy

A

Is performed, because the adenoids are enlarged chronically, infected, or causing obstruction. They are sometimes removed at the same time as a tonsillectomy as a prophylactic measure.
Excision of the adenoids

398
Q

tonsilloadnoidectomy

A

A procedure in which tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are performed at the same time

399
Q

lymphadenopathy

A
  • refers to any disease of the lymph nodes
    Any disorder characterized by enlargement of the lymph nodes
400
Q

ventricles

A

Refers to small chambers in the brain or heart

401
Q

phlebotomy

A

Means incision of a vein (needle puncture of a vein for the drawing of blood)
* puncture of a vein in order to withdraw blood

402
Q

Tachycardia

A

Refers to fast heartbeat, fast pulse

403
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Pertains to the heart and blood vessels

404
Q

venular

A

Means pertaining to a venule

405
Q

Angiocardiography

A
  • Radiologic study of the heart and it’s great vessels

Means radiography of the heart and its vessels by injecting a radiopaque contrast medium directly into the coronary arteries (during a heart cath)

406
Q

thoracic

A

Refers to the chest

407
Q

Pericardial

A

means pertaining to the membrane (sac) that surrounds the heart

408
Q

Sclerotic

A

Describes hardened tissue

Chapter 4 Circulatory System (4 decks)

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