Woodturning Machines 303d Flashcards by Megan Donahue

What does the cabinet of a lathe contain?

The motor and pulleys

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the base and cabinet of a lathe usually made of?

Heavy gauge sheet metal or heavy castings

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe a split pulley

Two angles halves that can be spread apart or brought closer together, adjusting the speed of the spindle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Attribute of the mounting plate for a lathe motor

Hinged on one edge to allow slack in the belts for ease of changing speeds or the belt itself

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the headstock of a lathe

Located on the left side of the lathe. Spindle runs through and extends of both sides.
Houses several step pulleys on the spindle shaft.
Often incorporated into the cast bed.
Sturdy lubricated bearings allow spindle to turn at high speeds for a long time.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How can you lock a spindle into position on a lathe?

The largest pulley will have holes at regular intervals that you can lock an index pin into.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The outboard side of a lathe

The outer side of the headstock, no limit on diameter of piece being turned, only used in bowl turning as there is no tailstock

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The inboard side of the lathe

Space between head and tail stock, limited diameter due to bed of lathe, can be used in spindle and bowl turning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Features on exposed ends of lathe spindle

Coarsely threaded to tighten whilst lathe is turning
Hollowed with a Morse taper

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe faceplates

Attached to piece with screws and threaded onto spindle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe a spur centre

Pointed centre, four cutting jaws that bite into the end of your blank

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How can you sharpen a spur centre?

To sharpen point, loosen Allen screw and remove point, place point in a drill and use drill to spin at grinding wheel, maintaining centre point.
Jaws can be reworked by grinding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bed of the lathe

Usually cast iron but can be extruded or a pair of beams
May feature a gap near headstock for more working space
Tool rest and tailstock move along length

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe tailstock

Rests on and travels along bed
Contains quill and hand wheel for spindle turning where a centre is placed.
Locks in place with a lever

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Components of a lathe

Base
Cabinet
Motor
Head stock
Bed
Tail stock
Tool rest & base

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Type of rest for supporting the piece you are turning

Steady rest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How to attach piece to a faceplate

Screw faceplate directly into piece in an area you will carve out later, ie inside of bowl

Attach ply liner with screws, then attach to piece with screws or paper joint

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How should you orient your pieces when gluing up a large blank to turn?

Heart sides out, sap side in

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Set up a blank for spindle turning

Score one end on the diagonals of your blank for alignment in a spur centre
Set spur centre in scores on blank, tap centre in with mallet, mark location of Allen screw
With centre set in blank, insert centre into spindle column
Bring tailstock about 10mm from right end of blank, lock in place
Crank quill with centre into blank until centre rim is well seated
If using a dead centre, turn lathe on at slow speed to west centre spot into blank, stop motor, back centre off 1/8 turn and oil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Set tool rest

Once blank is mounted, choose appropriate length of rest for the blank
Adjust tool rest and base so your rest is above 3mm away from blank and 3mm about centre
Manually spin blank to make sure it does not touch the rest while rotating

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe gouges

A u shaped chisel style tool, curved along cutting edge
Can be forged (bent from flat piece) or milled (carved from rod)

Milled gouge

Forged gouge

Describe a bowl gouge

Used for hollowing out bowls, usually long and rigid, described as fluted, makes narrow or wide cuts depending on angle of use
Tip used to plunge, side or ear used to scrape sides of bowl
Usually beveled at 40, 45, 50, or 60 degrees

Describe a parting tool

Used to separate cuts on a turning and establish diameter Similar to a chisel with two bevels, narrow in width, but tall to provide rigidity. Shearing cut and positive rake Best practice to make two step cuts

Describe a skew

Angled parting tool, Varying bevel angles, grind techniques, straight or curved slope, rectangular or oval Used in shearing cuts with positive rake ( v cuts on heel/toe and planing cuts) and scraping cuts with a negative rake

Describe a round nose chisel

Round nose scraping tool used for concave cuts and hollowing Bevel is quite blunt and about twice as long as thickness of tool Micro bevel Cutting edge turned/hooked slightly Scraping cut, negative rake

Describe a square nose chisel

Squared scraping tool used for truing sides and cleaning flat bottoms Bevel about twice as long as thickness Micro bevel Cutting edge turned/hooked slightly Scraping cut, negative rake Not as popular in spindle turning

Describe a spear point chisel

Pointed tip scraping tool used in making v grooves Bevel 2x thickness Micro bevel Cutting edge turned/hooked slightly Scraping cut, negative rake Not popular with experienced turners

Describe a rouging gouge

Large gouge used to round rough blank into a true surface Beveled around 35-40 degrees on outside of curve, honed to sharp edge If beveled at 45, cuts very aggressively Quickly and roughly removes material Scraping not a good idea Shearing cut, positive rake

Describe a spindle gouge

Smaller gouge used for controlled cuts and concave curves Beveled at 30-45 degrees, tapered usually Shearing cuts, positive rake Can be used for scraping

Describe axial grinding

Straight tip, even bevel, ground perpendicular

Describe oblique grinding

Angled tip, tapered bevel, “fingernail”, ground by swinging handle while rotated

Can you use an axially ground gouge at different angles to use different sides of the cutting edge?

No, held at same angle and rotated in grip to use sides of cutter

List the forms that can be cut into a spindle

Cylinders Coves Beads Tapers Bellies Waists Shoulders V Grooves

Best tool for cutting a shoulder

A parting tool

What is whip stocking?

A spindle flexing near the middle whilst turning, causing a wobble and could cause you to gouge your work. Could cause an unintended elliptical shape. Use a steady rest to eliminate whip stocking

And easy was to check for flat spots when truing your turning

Lightly rest back of gouge on spinning blank, if it bounces there is a flat spot

What cutting action does a duplicating lathe produce?

Scraping

How does a rotary knife lathe operate?

Different profile cutters are mounted along a horizontal shaft and spun at high speeds while the spindle blank rotated slowly and is fed towards cutters until a preset stop is reached Can create non circular items using cams to guide blank rotation

How does a cnc lathe usually operate?

A router that travels along a gantry is guided into a rotating blank Very good for fluting, rope detail, and specialized effects

What causes ruts on the tool rest?

Turning spindle too slowly causing tool pulses that wear the rest

A key safety step when sanding on the lathe?

Remove tool rest to avoid pinching

Which duplication lathe is used to make baseball bats and drum sticks?

Back knife lathe