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CAB 3 Theory 2 > Woodturning Machines 303d > Flashcards

Woodturning Machines 303d Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cabinet of a lathe contain?

A

The motor and pulleys

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2
Q

What are the base and cabinet of a lathe usually made of?

A

Heavy gauge sheet metal or heavy castings

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3
Q

Describe a split pulley

A

Two angles halves that can be spread apart or brought closer together, adjusting the speed of the spindle

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4
Q

Attribute of the mounting plate for a lathe motor

A

Hinged on one edge to allow slack in the belts for ease of changing speeds or the belt itself

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5
Q

Describe the headstock of a lathe

A

Located on the left side of the lathe. Spindle runs through and extends of both sides.
Houses several step pulleys on the spindle shaft.
Often incorporated into the cast bed.
Sturdy lubricated bearings allow spindle to turn at high speeds for a long time.

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6
Q

How can you lock a spindle into position on a lathe?

A

The largest pulley will have holes at regular intervals that you can lock an index pin into.

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7
Q

The outboard side of a lathe

A

The outer side of the headstock, no limit on diameter of piece being turned, only used in bowl turning as there is no tailstock

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8
Q

The inboard side of the lathe

A

Space between head and tail stock, limited diameter due to bed of lathe, can be used in spindle and bowl turning

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9
Q

Features on exposed ends of lathe spindle

A

Coarsely threaded to tighten whilst lathe is turning
Hollowed with a Morse taper

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10
Q

Describe faceplates

A

Attached to piece with screws and threaded onto spindle

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11
Q

Describe a spur centre

A

Pointed centre, four cutting jaws that bite into the end of your blank

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12
Q

How can you sharpen a spur centre?

A

To sharpen point, loosen Allen screw and remove point, place point in a drill and use drill to spin at grinding wheel, maintaining centre point.
Jaws can be reworked by grinding

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13
Q

Bed of the lathe

A

Usually cast iron but can be extruded or a pair of beams
May feature a gap near headstock for more working space
Tool rest and tailstock move along length

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14
Q

Describe tailstock

A

Rests on and travels along bed
Contains quill and hand wheel for spindle turning where a centre is placed.
Locks in place with a lever

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15
Q

Components of a lathe

A

Base
Cabinet
Motor
Head stock
Bed
Tail stock
Tool rest & base

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16
Q

Type of rest for supporting the piece you are turning

A

Steady rest

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17
Q

How to attach piece to a faceplate

A

Screw faceplate directly into piece in an area you will carve out later, ie inside of bowl

Or

Attach ply liner with screws, then attach to piece with screws or paper joint

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18
Q

How should you orient your pieces when gluing up a large blank to turn?

A

Heart sides out, sap side in

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19
Q

Set up a blank for spindle turning

A

Score one end on the diagonals of your blank for alignment in a spur centre
Set spur centre in scores on blank, tap centre in with mallet, mark location of Allen screw
With centre set in blank, insert centre into spindle column
Bring tailstock about 10mm from right end of blank, lock in place
Crank quill with centre into blank until centre rim is well seated
If using a dead centre, turn lathe on at slow speed to west centre spot into blank, stop motor, back centre off 1/8 turn and oil

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20
Q

Set tool rest

A

Once blank is mounted, choose appropriate length of rest for the blank
Adjust tool rest and base so your rest is above 3mm away from blank and 3mm about centre
Manually spin blank to make sure it does not touch the rest while rotating

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21
Q

Describe gouges

A

A u shaped chisel style tool, curved along cutting edge
Can be forged (bent from flat piece) or milled (carved from rod)

22
Q
A

Milled gouge

23
Q
A

Forged gouge

24
Q

Describe a bowl gouge

A

Used for hollowing out bowls, usually long and rigid, described as fluted, makes narrow or wide cuts depending on angle of use
Tip used to plunge, side or ear used to scrape sides of bowl
Usually beveled at 40, 45, 50, or 60 degrees

25
Q

Describe a parting tool

A

Used to separate cuts on a turning and establish diameter
Similar to a chisel with two bevels, narrow in width, but tall to provide rigidity. Shearing cut and positive rake
Best practice to make two step cuts

26
Q

Describe a skew

A

Angled parting tool,
Varying bevel angles, grind techniques, straight or curved slope, rectangular or oval
Used in shearing cuts with positive rake ( v cuts on heel/toe and planing cuts) and scraping cuts with a negative rake

27
Q

Describe a round nose chisel

A

Round nose scraping tool used for concave cuts and hollowing
Bevel is quite blunt and about twice as long as thickness of tool
Micro bevel
Cutting edge turned/hooked slightly
Scraping cut, negative rake

28
Q

Describe a square nose chisel

A

Squared scraping tool used for truing sides and cleaning flat bottoms
Bevel about twice as long as thickness
Micro bevel
Cutting edge turned/hooked slightly
Scraping cut, negative rake
Not as popular in spindle turning

29
Q

Describe a spear point chisel

A

Pointed tip scraping tool used in making v grooves
Bevel 2x thickness
Micro bevel
Cutting edge turned/hooked slightly
Scraping cut, negative rake
Not popular with experienced turners

30
Q

Describe a rouging gouge

A

Large gouge used to round rough blank into a true surface
Beveled around 35-40 degrees on outside of curve, honed to sharp edge
If beveled at 45, cuts very aggressively
Quickly and roughly removes material
Scraping not a good idea
Shearing cut, positive rake

31
Q

Describe a spindle gouge

A

Smaller gouge used for controlled cuts and concave curves
Beveled at 30-45 degrees, tapered usually
Shearing cuts, positive rake
Can be used for scraping

32
Q

Describe axial grinding

A

Straight tip, even bevel, ground perpendicular

33
Q

Describe oblique grinding

A

Angled tip, tapered bevel, “fingernail”, ground by swinging handle while rotated

34
Q

Can you use an axially ground gouge at different angles to use different sides of the cutting edge?

A

No, held at same angle and rotated in grip to use sides of cutter

35
Q

List the forms that can be cut into a spindle

A

Cylinders
Coves
Beads
Tapers
Bellies
Waists
Shoulders
V Grooves

36
Q

Best tool for cutting a shoulder

A

A parting tool

37
Q

What is whip stocking?

A

A spindle flexing near the middle whilst turning, causing a wobble and could cause you to gouge your work. Could cause an unintended elliptical shape. Use a steady rest to eliminate whip stocking

38
Q

And easy was to check for flat spots when truing your turning

A

Lightly rest back of gouge on spinning blank, if it bounces there is a flat spot

39
Q

What cutting action does a duplicating lathe produce?

A

Scraping

40
Q

How does a rotary knife lathe operate?

A

Different profile cutters are mounted along a horizontal shaft and spun at high speeds while the spindle blank rotated slowly and is fed towards cutters until a preset stop is reached
Can create non circular items using cams to guide blank rotation

41
Q

How does a cnc lathe usually operate?

A

A router that travels along a gantry is guided into a rotating blank
Very good for fluting, rope detail, and specialized effects

42
Q

What causes ruts on the tool rest?

A

Turning spindle too slowly causing tool pulses that wear the rest

43
Q

A key safety step when sanding on the lathe?

A

Remove tool rest to avoid pinching

44
Q

Which duplication lathe is used to make baseball bats and drum sticks?

A

Back knife lathe

45
Q
A

Bowl gouge

46
Q
A

Parting tool

47
Q
A

Skewed parting tool

48
Q
A

Spear point chisel

49
Q

Lathe tools with shearing cuts and a positive rake

A

Roughing gouge
Spindle gouge
Bowl gouge
Parting tool
Skew

50
Q

Lathe tools with scraping cuts and negative rake

A

Round nose chisel
Square nose chisel
Spear point chisel
Skew

CAB 3 Theory 2 (4 decks)

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