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BUILDING TECH > WOODS > Flashcards

WOODS Flashcards

1
Q

they come from the conifers (evergreens) which have needles instead of leaves

A

softwoods

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2
Q

they come from the broad-leaved or deciduous trees. Most Philippine timber are of this latter kind

A

hardwoods

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3
Q

is the softer, younger outer portion
of a tree that lies between the
cambium (formative layer just under
the bark) and the heartwood

A

sapwood

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4
Q

it is more permeable, less durable and usually lighter in color than the heartwood

A

sapwood

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5
Q

the portion of the log near the periphery which is generally lighter in color than the central portion.

A

sapwood

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6
Q

it contains living cells and takes an active part in the life process of a tree.

A

sapwood

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7
Q

it contains more organic matter than the central core of the log, it is more susceptible to blueing fungi and wood-boring insects, and is not durable.

A

sapwood

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8
Q

the older, harder central portion of a tree.

A

heartwood

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9
Q

it usually contains deposits of various materials that frequently give it a darker color than sapwood.

A

heartwood

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10
Q

is denser, less permeable and more durable than the surrounding sapwood.

A

heartwood

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11
Q

The central core of the log, it is composed of inactive cells and serves only as a mechanical support

A

heartwood

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12
Q

This is measured by the compression which a piece of timber undergoes when a weight is applied to it.

A

hardness

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13
Q

The amount of piece will bend before breaking . Softwoods are generally brittle while most hardwoods are flexible.

A

flexibility

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14
Q

Caused by the attack of fungi.

A

decay

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15
Q

Cracks or lengthwise separation across the annual rings of growth caused by irregular shrinkage during drying.

A

checks

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16
Q

are formed when the circumference shrinks more than the interior section of the log.

A

checks

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17
Q

These are cracks between and parallel to the annual rings of the growth.

A

shakes

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18
Q

These are irregular growths in the body of a tree which interrupt the smooth curve of the grain. The fibers of the tree are turned from their normal course and grow around the knot at that point of the tree.

A

knots

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19
Q

These are well-defined openings between annual rings containing solid or liquid pitch.

A

pitchpockets

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20
Q

This is the lack of wood on the edge or corner of a piece.

A

wane

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21
Q

Any variation with the plane surface of the piece caused by unequal shrinkage of the board.

A

warping

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22
Q

a distortion of the board in which the edge is convex or concave longitudinal.

A

crook

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23
Q

a distortion of the board in which the face is convex or concave longitudinal.

A

bow

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24
Q

a distortion of the board in which the face is convex or concave across the board.

A

cup

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25
Q

a distortion of the board in which one corner is raised.

A

twist

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26
Q

refers to lumber cut tangent to the annual rings or growth or, in commercial practice, cut with annual rings at an angle 0° to 45°.

A

plainsawing

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27
Q

is preferable when a pleasing pattern is required, as in wall paneling.

A

plainsawn lumber

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28
Q

refers to wood cut radially to the annual rings of growth parallel to the rays or, in commercial practice, cut with the annual growth rings at an angle 45° to 90°.

A

quartersawing

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29
Q

is desirable because it has less shrinkage than plainsawn lumber, and this is important where joints must be kept tight.

A

quartersawn lumber

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30
Q

is classified by its size or dimensions measured in inches, for example, a piece of ______ measuring 2 inches by 4 inches is called 2 x 4.

A

lumber

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31
Q

Lumber less than 2” thick and less than 8” wide.

A

strips

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32
Q

Pieces less than 2” thick and at least 8” wide.

A

board lumber

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33
Q

Pieces more than 2” and less than 5” in any dimension.

A

dimension lumber

34
Q

Pieces 5” or more on the smallest dimension

A

timber

35
Q

is the size of lumber when it is cut from the log. After cutting, the lumber is dried and then planed on all four sides to achieve smoothness. The finished size is therefore smaller.

A

nominal size

36
Q

The process of removing moisture from green wood

A

seasoning

37
Q

in which the lumber is exposed to the air

A

air-drying

38
Q

in which warm moist air or superheated steam is used to heat the wood and drive out moisture.

A

kiln-drying

39
Q

it causes molds, stains and decay in wood

A

fungi

40
Q

occurs in wood with a moisture content above the fiber saturation point

A

decay

41
Q

they live in the ground and build earthen tubes to reach their food – cellulose which includes wood primarily but also paper and pulp products.

A

subterranean termites

42
Q

they use wood for shelter rather than for food, but if they are not found and are left undisturbed they can do extensive damage

A

carpenter ants & powder-pest beetles

43
Q

They convert wood to powder, shredded fibers or pellets

A

carpenter ants & powder-pest beetles

44
Q

Their channels are likely to cut across the grain

A

carpenter ants & powder-pest beetles

45
Q

Black or brownish oil made from distilling coal tar.

A

coal-tar creosotes

46
Q

a mixture of petroleum oils and 5% and __________

A

pentachlorophenol

47
Q

Has high protection against decay fungi and termites; can be painted; has no unpleasant odor; is less easily ignited than coal-tar creosotes.

A

pentachlorophenol

48
Q

Provide less protection against marine borers.

A

pentachlorophenol

49
Q

is also dissolved in oil, leaving a clean brown-colored surface. It was used extensively for lumber and posts when introduced in the 1930s, but now is specified almost exclusively for the treatment of utility poles and cross arms.

A

pentachlorophenol

50
Q

Gives protection against decay, insects and fire; can be painted; has no objectionable odor.

A

chromated zinc chloride

51
Q

are dissolved in water for pressure treating, producing a product that is clean and odorless.

A

Ammoniacal Copper Arsenate (ACA) & Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)

52
Q

Consists in placing the wood in cylinders into which the preservative is pumped under pressure

A

pressure treatment

53
Q

This consists first in placing the wood in a bath of hot preservative for an hour or more. It is then withdrawn and quickly placed in a bath of cold preservative. This is generally used for creosote preservative

A

hot and cold bath method

54
Q

is the most common wood composite

A

plywood

55
Q

are those products made from a mixture of wood and other materials

A

wood composites

56
Q

the center plies

A

the core

57
Q

the outside plies

A

the face & the back

58
Q

This is a paneling material made by reducing and refining wood chips into small, threadlike fibers, and then pressing them under heat in hydraulic pressure into dense, smooth, and very rigid panels.

A

hardboard

59
Q

are a cheaper option than plywood where strength is not required.

A

hardboards

60
Q

has a smooth surface on one side and a screened surface on the other. It is sometimes known as “Masonite”

A

hardboard

61
Q

is light brown in color and has a fairly hard, smooth surface on one side and a screened impression on the other. It is flexible and easy to bend. It is suitable for interior use only and where it is not subject to moisture.

A

standard hardboard

62
Q

is somewhat denser than the Standard but not as dense as Tempered.

A

panel hardboard

63
Q

are finishing materials made from vegetable fibers such as corn or sugarcane stalks pressed into sheets. It is not very strong, but has good insulating properties therefore it is usually used for ceiling only.

A

fiberboards

64
Q

is manufactured from wood, straw, bagasse pulp pressed into boards with or without holes or slots

A

acoustic fiber board

65
Q

is a type of hardboard which is made from wood fibers glued under heat and pressure.

A

medium density fiberboard

66
Q

has many qualities that make it an ideal alternative to plywood or chipboard.

A

medium density fiberboard

67
Q

It is dense, flat, stiff, has no knots and is easily machined. Its fine particles provide a material without a recognizable “grain”.

A

medium density fiberboard

68
Q

it contains no internal voids, and will produce better edges providing that it is correctly machined

A

medium density fiberboard

69
Q

This is a non-combustible building board with a gypsum core enclosed in tough, smooth paper.

A

gypsum board

70
Q

It is designed to be used without addition of plaster for walls, ceilings or partitions.

A

gypsum board

71
Q

It is extensively used in “dry-wall” construction, where plaster is eliminated

A

gypsum board

72
Q

This type is used for surface layer on interior walls and ceilings.

A

wall board

73
Q

This is used as base layer in multi-ply construction, where several layers of gypsum boards are desired for high fire resistance, sound control and strength in walls.

A

backing board

74
Q

To save space, this type is used as a base in a multi-ply construction of self-supporting (studless) gypsum walls.

A

core board

75
Q

For use in fire-rated assemblies, this may be wallboard, backing board, or coreboard made more fire-resistant by addition of glass-fiber or other reinforcing materials

A

type x gypsum board

76
Q

This type comes with water-resistant gypsum core and water-repellant face paper. It maybe used as base for walls of bathrooms, showers, and other areas exposed to wetting.

A

water-resistant backing gypsum board

77
Q

This type is used as fire protection and bracing of exterior frame walls. It must be protected from the weather by an exterior facing.

A

gypsum sheathing

78
Q

This type is used as a permanent form in the casting of gypsum concrete roof decks.

A

gypsum formboard

79
Q

is made of small wood chips and base materials including cotton stalk, rice straw, bagasse, conventional wood chips and sawdust that have been pressed and glued together

A

particle board

80
Q

consists of finished lumber which is further cut and processed at a lumber mill. Millwork includes doors, windows, mouldings, trim and other ornamental forms of wood.

A

millwork

BUILDING TECH (1 decks)

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