Woodland Regeneration in Britan

Question 1

Tzedakis et al 2013

Answer 1

Woodland species in europe during last glaciation

Question 2

Rackam 1996

Answer 2

Extensive dense forest covered the UK with lime, oak-hazel in South and birch and pine in North

Question 3

Vera

Answer 3

Inspiration from New Forest and questioned this.
Proposed grazing woodland
Cyclical model of transition to woodland and back to grassland

Question 4

Elm Decline

Answer 4

Widespread event in record across Britan

Question 5

Godwin 1940

Answer 5

Hockam Mere pollen record

Question 6

Parker et al 2002

Answer 6

Most decline dates around 5000bp

Question 7

Explanations

Answer 7

• pathogen outbreak
• anthropogenic disurbance
• competition from later migtrating tree species
• climatic conditions
• soil deteroration

Question 8

Climate Change

Answer 8

Little evidence for this and other trees not affected

Question 9

Pathogens

Answer 9

Dutch elm disease carried by elm bark beetle around during this time

Question 10

Anthropogenic activity

Answer 10

Coincident with Landnam phases
Cereal pollen
Weed pollen
other trees affected

Question 11

Troels Smith 1960

Answer 11

Proposal of winter fodder for animals

Question 12

Mid Holocene farming

Answer 12

1. Landnam
2. leaf foddering

Question 13

Landnam models

Answer 13

clearance in closed forests
tree cover - tree pollen fall, cereal pollen/weeds, regeneration

Question 14

Leaf foddering

Answer 14

consumption of leaves for agriculture, influenced swedish landscape