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Wood decay fungi > Wood Decay Fungi > Flashcards

Wood Decay Fungi Flashcards

1
Q
A

Inonotus Hispidus

(Shaggy Bracket)

  • Hardwood
  • White rot/heatwood
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2
Q
A

Ganoderma sessile

  • Hardwoods
  • White rot/Trunk & basal
  • Varnished/shelf like
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3
Q
A

Ganoderma curtisii

-hardwoods
-White/roots and butt
-off centered stem

DANGER

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4
Q
A

Fomes fasciatus

  • hardwoods
  • white rot/heartwood

DANGER

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5
Q
A

Climacodon spetentrionalis

  • hardwoods
  • White rot (Lignin)
  • Trunk
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6
Q
A

Biscogniauxia atropunctata

  • Hardwoods
  • White rot/heartwood

DANGER

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7
Q
A

Onnia circinata

  • Conifer
  • White rot/heartwood

DANGER

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8
Q
A

Meruliporia incrassata

  • Hardwoods/Conifers
  • Brown rot
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9
Q
A

Laetiporus sulphureus

(Chicken of the woods)

  • hardwoods/conifers
  • Brown rot/Trunk & butt
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10
Q
A

Heterobasidion irregulare

  • conifers
  • white rot/root & butt

DANGER

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11
Q
A

Fomitopsis meliae

  • Brown rot (cellulose)
  • Hardwoods
  • Heartrot
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12
Q
A

Desarmillaria caespitosa

(Honey mushroom)

  • White rot
  • Hardwoods/conifers
  • Roots
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13
Q
A

Brunneoporus juniperinus

  • Brown rot
  • Conifers (Junipers)
  • Heartrot
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14
Q
A

Wolfiporia dilatohypha

  • Hardwood
  • Brown rot

CAUTION

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15
Q
A

Sarcodontia unicolor

  • Hardwood
  • White rot/Trunk
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16
Q
A

Rigidoporus ulmarius

  • Hardwoods (Elms)
  • Yellow rot/Butt & Basal
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17
Q
A

Phylloporia fruticum

  • Hardwoods
  • White rot
  • Branches

CAUTION

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18
Q
A

Phylloporia chrysita

  • Hardwoods
  • White rot/Branch & Crown
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19
Q
A

Perenniporia phloiophila

  • Hardwoods
  • White rot/Bark tissue
    -Caution
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20
Q
A

Pappia fissilis

(Greasy bracket)

  • Hardwoods
  • White rot

CAUTION

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21
Q
A

Microporellus dealbatus

  • Hardwood
  • White rot/Buried roots

CAUTION

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22
Q
A

Inocutis ludoviciana

  • Hardwood
  • White pocket rot/Roots & Butt

CAUTION

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23
Q
A

Hericium erinaceu

(Lions mane)

  • Hardwoods
  • White rot/Wounds
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24
Q
A

Ganoderma applanatum

(Artist conk)

  • Hardwood
  • White rot/ Trunk & Butt

CAUTION

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25
Q

What is a basidium?

A

A swollen cell with spines (usually a multiple of four) which bears basidiospores.

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26
Q

What is the largest group of fungi?

A

Basidiomycetes (Basidiomycota)

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27
Q

What is the less common group of fungi?

A

Ascomycetes (Ascomycota)

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28
Q

What is an ascus?

A

A microscopic sac that opens and releases ascocarps.

Where ascomycetes produce spores.

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29
Q

What type of fungi are embedded in fungal material called stroma?

A

Ascocarps

30
Q

What are the common terms for fungi fruiting structures?

A

Conk
Bracket
Mushroom

31
Q

Top or Cap

A

top of conk or mushroom
note texture, color, presence of guttation or water drops, presence or absence of hair

32
Q

Context

A

interior tissues of conk or mushroom:
Flesh below the top

33
Q

Stem or stipe

A

presence or absence of a stem or stipe that attaches fruiting structure.

34
Q

What are sessile fruiting structures?

A

fruiting bodies that lack a stem and are attached directly to wood.

35
Q

What is the hymenium?

A

the spore producing layer of a fruiting body

36
Q

What are the different types of hymenium?

A

Smooth
Gills
Pores
Daedaploid
Teeth

37
Q

Smooth hymenium

A

basidia are produced on smooth surface without pores or other protection.

38
Q

Gills hymenium

A

Thin plates or lamellae (fin-like)

39
Q

Pore hymenium

A

tubes with a pore for an opening

40
Q

Daedaloid hymenium

A

Maze-like pores or gills forming a maze-like appearance

41
Q

Teeth hymenium

A

pore layer is divided into individual tooth-like structures. (only a few wood decay fungi have teeth)

42
Q

How does decay fungi gain nutrition?

A

Through progressive degradation of structural components of wood.

43
Q

What two processes do wood decay fungi use to gain nutrition?

A

Enzymatic
Non-enzymatic

44
Q

What are the three general patterns of wood decay?

A

White rot - Lignin is preferential
Brown rot - Cellulose and hemicellulose are preferential.
Soft rot (Sap rot) - cellulose in cell walls is preferential, lignin is mostly modified.

45
Q

What type of decay pattern can degrade lignin?

A

White rot

46
Q

What type of decay pattern can degrade cellulose and hemicellulose?

A

Brown rot

47
Q

What type of decay pattern can degrade the cell wall?

A

Soft rot

48
Q

What is hyphae?

A

Microscopic filamentous threads by which fungi grow vegetatively.

49
Q

What is mycelium?

A

An aggregation of fungal hyphae that can often be seen with the naked eye.

50
Q

What are the two modes fungi attacks living trees?

A

Obligate saprophytes
Facultative pathogens

51
Q

Fungi that only attack dead tissue in trees

A

Obligate saprophytes

52
Q

Fungi that can breach barrier and reaction zones.

A

Facultative pathogen

53
Q

Different fruiting locations of decay fungi.

A

Roots
Root and Butt
Butt and Trunk
Trunk and Large Stems
Branch

54
Q
A

Pseudoinonotus dryadeus

-Hardwoods
-White/root and butt

55
Q
A

Xylaria polymorphs
(Deadman’s fingers)

-Hardwoods
-White/Root rot

56
Q
A

Kretzschmaria deusta
(Brittle Cinder)

-Hardwoods
-Soft rot/Butt and root

57
Q
A

Phaeolus scweinitzii
(Dryer’s Fungus)

-Conifers
-Brown rot/root and butt

58
Q
A

Inocutis ludoviciana

-Hardwoods
-White rot/root and butt

59
Q
A

Inonotus hispidus
(Shaggy bracket)

-Hardwood
-White rot/Trunk

60
Q
A

Fomes fomentarias
(Tinder fungus)

-Hardwoods
-White rot/trunk and stems

61
Q
A
62
Q

What is a hypha?

A

A thread-like fungal call

63
Q

A transverse cell between two hyphal cells?

A

Septa or septum

64
Q

Many tube-like fungus cells form?

A

Hyphae

65
Q

An aggregation of hyphae

A

Mycelium or fungal mat

66
Q

Root-like branched mycelial strands

A

Rhizomorphs

67
Q

Fungal organ which bears and protects the spores.

A

Fruiting body

68
Q

Life cycle of wood-decaying basidiomycetes

A
  1. Fruit body produce spores
  2. Spores germinate and form hyphae
  3. Primary mycelium results.
  4. Copulation to produce secondary mycelium.
  5. Mycelium form fruit bodies.
69
Q

Which CODIT wall hinders the spread of decay in the axial direction?

A

Wall I
by closure of the conducting elements and formation of tyloses.

70
Q

Which CODIT wall hinders the spread of decay in the radial direction?

A

Wall II
Is hindered by the latewood of the previous years growth.

Wood decay fungi (1 decks)

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