Wood Decay Fungi Flashcards
1
Q
A
Inonotus Hispidus
(Shaggy Bracket)
- Hardwood
- White rot/heatwood
2
Q
A
Ganoderma sessile
- Hardwoods
- White rot/Trunk & basal
- Varnished/shelf like
3
Q
A
Ganoderma curtisii
-hardwoods
-White/roots and butt
-off centered stem
DANGER
4
Q
A
Fomes fasciatus
- hardwoods
- white rot/heartwood
DANGER
5
Q
A
Climacodon spetentrionalis
- hardwoods
- White rot (Lignin)
- Trunk
6
Q
A
Biscogniauxia atropunctata
- Hardwoods
- White rot/heartwood
DANGER
7
Q
A
Onnia circinata
- Conifer
- White rot/heartwood
DANGER
8
Q
A
Meruliporia incrassata
- Hardwoods/Conifers
- Brown rot
9
Q
A
Laetiporus sulphureus
(Chicken of the woods)
- hardwoods/conifers
- Brown rot/Trunk & butt
10
Q
A
Heterobasidion irregulare
- conifers
- white rot/root & butt
DANGER
11
Q
A
Fomitopsis meliae
- Brown rot (cellulose)
- Hardwoods
- Heartrot
12
Q
A
Desarmillaria caespitosa
(Honey mushroom)
- White rot
- Hardwoods/conifers
- Roots
13
Q
A
Brunneoporus juniperinus
- Brown rot
- Conifers (Junipers)
- Heartrot
14
Q
A
Wolfiporia dilatohypha
- Hardwood
- Brown rot
CAUTION
15
Q
A
Sarcodontia unicolor
- Hardwood
- White rot/Trunk
16
Q
A
Rigidoporus ulmarius
- Hardwoods (Elms)
- Yellow rot/Butt & Basal
17
Q
A
Phylloporia fruticum
- Hardwoods
- White rot
- Branches
CAUTION
18
Q
A
Phylloporia chrysita
- Hardwoods
- White rot/Branch & Crown
19
Q
A
Perenniporia phloiophila
- Hardwoods
- White rot/Bark tissue
-Caution
20
Q
A
Pappia fissilis
(Greasy bracket)
- Hardwoods
- White rot
CAUTION
21
Q
A
Microporellus dealbatus
- Hardwood
- White rot/Buried roots
CAUTION
22
Q
A
Inocutis ludoviciana
- Hardwood
- White pocket rot/Roots & Butt
CAUTION
23
Q
A
Hericium erinaceu
(Lions mane)
- Hardwoods
- White rot/Wounds
24
Q
A
Ganoderma applanatum
(Artist conk)
- Hardwood
- White rot/ Trunk & Butt
CAUTION
25
What is a basidium?
A swollen cell with spines (usually a multiple of four) which bears basidiospores.
26
What is the largest group of fungi?
Basidiomycetes (Basidiomycota)
27
What is the less common group of fungi?
Ascomycetes (Ascomycota)
28
What is an ascus?
A microscopic sac that opens and releases ascocarps.
Where ascomycetes produce spores.
29
What type of fungi are embedded in fungal material called stroma?
Ascocarps
30
What are the common terms for fungi fruiting structures?
Conk
Bracket
Mushroom
31
Top or Cap
top of conk or mushroom
note texture, color, presence of guttation or water drops, presence or absence of hair
32
Context
interior tissues of conk or mushroom:
Flesh below the top
33
Stem or stipe
presence or absence of a stem or stipe that attaches fruiting structure.
34
What are sessile fruiting structures?
fruiting bodies that lack a stem and are attached directly to wood.
35
What is the hymenium?
the spore producing layer of a fruiting body
36
What are the different types of hymenium?
Smooth
Gills
Pores
Daedaploid
Teeth
37
Smooth hymenium
basidia are produced on smooth surface without pores or other protection.
38
Gills hymenium
Thin plates or lamellae (fin-like)
39
Pore hymenium
tubes with a pore for an opening
40
Daedaloid hymenium
Maze-like pores or gills forming a maze-like appearance
41
Teeth hymenium
pore layer is divided into individual tooth-like structures. (only a few wood decay fungi have teeth)
42
How does decay fungi gain nutrition?
Through progressive degradation of structural components of wood.
43
What two processes do wood decay fungi use to gain nutrition?
Enzymatic
Non-enzymatic
44
What are the three general patterns of wood decay?
White rot - Lignin is preferential
Brown rot - Cellulose and hemicellulose are preferential.
Soft rot (Sap rot) - cellulose in cell walls is preferential, lignin is mostly modified.
45
What type of decay pattern can degrade lignin?
White rot
46
What type of decay pattern can degrade cellulose and hemicellulose?
Brown rot
47
What type of decay pattern can degrade the cell wall?
Soft rot
48
What is hyphae?
Microscopic filamentous threads by which fungi grow vegetatively.
49
What is mycelium?
An aggregation of fungal hyphae that can often be seen with the naked eye.
50
What are the two modes fungi attacks living trees?
Obligate saprophytes
Facultative pathogens
51
Fungi that only attack dead tissue in trees
Obligate saprophytes
52
Fungi that can breach barrier and reaction zones.
Facultative pathogen
53
Different fruiting locations of decay fungi.
Roots
Root and Butt
Butt and Trunk
Trunk and Large Stems
Branch
54
Pseudoinonotus dryadeus
-Hardwoods
-White/root and butt
55
Xylaria polymorphs
(Deadman's fingers)
-Hardwoods
-White/Root rot
56
Kretzschmaria deusta
(Brittle Cinder)
-Hardwoods
-Soft rot/Butt and root
57
Phaeolus scweinitzii
(Dryer's Fungus)
-Conifers
-Brown rot/root and butt
58
Inocutis ludoviciana
-Hardwoods
-White rot/root and butt
59
Inonotus hispidus
(Shaggy bracket)
-Hardwood
-White rot/Trunk
60
Fomes fomentarias
(Tinder fungus)
-Hardwoods
-White rot/trunk and stems
61
62
What is a hypha?
A thread-like fungal call
63
A transverse cell between two hyphal cells?
Septa or septum
64
Many tube-like fungus cells form?
Hyphae
65
An aggregation of hyphae
Mycelium or fungal mat
66
Root-like branched mycelial strands
Rhizomorphs
67
Fungal organ which bears and protects the spores.
Fruiting body
68
Life cycle of wood-decaying basidiomycetes
1. Fruit body produce spores
2. Spores germinate and form hyphae
3. Primary mycelium results.
4. Copulation to produce secondary mycelium.
5. Mycelium form fruit bodies.
69
Which CODIT wall hinders the spread of decay in the axial direction?
Wall I
by closure of the conducting elements and formation of tyloses.
70
Which CODIT wall hinders the spread of decay in the radial direction?
Wall II
Is hindered by the latewood of the previous years growth.
