Wood

Question 1

What is the tough, fibrous cellular substance that makes up most of the stems and branches of trees beneath the bark?

Answer 1

wood

Question 2

It is the tough external covering of a woody stem, branch, or root.

Answer 2

bark

Question 3

What is the layer of tissue that carries food from the leaves to the growing parts of a tree?

Answer 3

phloem (aka inner bark)

Question 4

The thin layer of reproductive tissue between the phloem and xylem which produces new phloem on the outside and new xylem on the inside of stems, branches, and roots.

Answer 4

cambium

Question 5

It is the soft, central core of a tree.

Answer 5

pith

Question 6

It is the older, harder, inactive core of a tree. It surrounds the pith.

Answer 6

heartwood (aka duramen)

Question 7

It is the younger, softer, living portion of wood between the cambium and heartwood.

Answer 7

sapwood (aka alburnum)

Question 8

What is the inert carbohydrate that is the chief constituent of the cell walls of plants?

Answer 8

cellulose

Question 9

An organic substance that, with cellulose, forms the woody cell walls of plants and the cementing material between them.

Answer 9

lignin

Question 10

The woody tissue of a tree that provides support and conducts water and mineral nutrients upward from the roots.

Answer 10

xylem

Question 11

A concentric layer of wood produced during a single year’s growth of a temperate tree.

Answer 11

annual ring (aka growth ring)

Question 12

It is the softer, more porous portion of an annual ring that develops early in the growing season.

Answer 12

springwood

Question 12

The harder, darker, less porous portion of an annual ring that develops late in the growing season.

Answer 12

summerwood

Question 13

What is the wood from a conifer called?

Answer 13

softwood

Question 14

What is the wood from a broad-leaved flowering tree called?

Answer 14

hardwood

Question 15

Any of various predominantly evergreen, cone-bearing trees.

Answer 15

conifer

Question 16

It means having foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year or through more than one growing season.

Answer 16

evergreen

Question 17

The leaves and living branches of a tree.

Answer 17

crown

Question 19

Trees that shed leaves annually or at the end of a growing season.

Answer 19

deciduous

Question 19

The main stem of a tree apart from its branches and roots.

Answer 19

trunk

Question 20

A tubular intercellular space in a woody stem that secretes resins, especially in conifers.

Answer 20

resin duct

Question 21

A viscous, clear to translucent, organic substance exuded by certain pines.

Answer 21

resin

Question 22

One of the elongated, supporting, and conductive cells in woody tissue, having tapering closed ends and lignified walls oriented parallel to the axis of a stem or branch.

Answer 22

tracheid

Question 23

A tubular structure of woody tissue for conducting water and mineral nutrients, formed by the fusion and loss of end walls in a series of connected cells.

Answer 23

vessel

Question 26

The resinous sap that exudes from various conifers.

Answer 26

pitch

Question 27

One of the vertical bands of transverse cells that radiate between pith and bark for the storage and horizontal conduction of nutrients.

Answer 27

ray

Question 28

One of the relatively large vertical cells for conducting sap, especially in hardwood trees.

Answer 28

pore

Question 29

The vital fluid of water, nitrogen, and mineral nutrients that circulates through a plant.

Answer 29

sap