Womens health Flashcards
How often do women aged 50-64 have smear test?
5 years
What thickness should the endometrium be?
<4
What is the difference between lichen planus and licen scelrosus?
Lichen planus –> autoimmune, shiny, PURPLISH, flat-topped raised areas with white lines across the surface
Lichen sclerosus –> autoimmune, porcelain-white
What are the symptoms of lichen scelorosus?
How are they treated?
Can be asymptomatic
OR vuval itching and skin changes
Aged 40-60
itching - worse at night
skin tightness
painful sex - superficial
erosisons
fissures
Treated with topical steroids
What are the risk factors of vulvual cancer?
Lichen sclerosus
HPV
Immunosuppression
Age (>75 years old)
How does vulvual cancer present?
lump
ulceration
bleeding
pain
itching
lymphandenopathy
irregular mass
risk factors for endometrial cancer
WHY
tamoxifen - oestrogenic effect on endometrium (anti-oestrogen in breast)
age
early onset mensturation/late menopause
no/fewer pregnancies
PCOS - lack of ovulation, lack of progesterone, many follicules releasing oestrogen
obesity - adipose tissue = source of oestrogen
oestrogen only HRT
oestrogen –> hyperplasia of endometrium
where as progesterone –> reduced
Therefore, unopposed oestrogen –> thickening
What does the thickeness of the endometrium respond to?
Increase –> oestrogen
Decrease –> progesterone
UKMEC 4 for oestrogen?
UKMEC 4 for progesterone?
What is protective against endometrial cancer?
Smoking
What is the highest risk factor for endometrial cancer?
obesity
What is the BRACA gene risk factor for?
Ovarian cancer
Cervical cancer
Breast cancer
What are the risk factors for cervical cancer
Why
HPV 16
HPV 18
Increased risk of catching HPV 16 / 18 –> multiple partners, no condoms, early sex
Smoking
HIV
COCP
FH
BRACA
Number of full term pregnancies
Risk of ovarian cancer?
Smoking
Obesity
BRCA genes
Clomifene
Anything that increases the number of ovulations
