Women's terminology Flashcards
Nullipara
a woman who has never been pregnant beyond 20 weeks gestation
Gravida/gravid
number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome
Para/parity
number of babies born after 20 weeks gestation
G6, P4
gravida 6, para 4 means pregnant 6 times (including current pregnancy) and has previously delivered 4 babies at more than 20 weeks gestation
Grand multipara
a woman who has delivered 5 or more babies at more than 20 weeks gestation
Abortion/miscarriage
pregnancy loss before 20 weeks gestation
labour
regular painful contractions with cervical change after 20 weeks gestation
lower uterine segment caesarian section
operative deliver of the baby through an incision in the lower uterine segment
classical caesarian section
operative delivery of a baby through a vertical incision in the upper segment of the uterus
hysterotomy
operative delivery of a baby through a uterine incision at
preterm labour
labour at
prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM)
rupture of the membranes before the onset of labour
ARM/AROM
artificial rupture of the membranes
premature prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)
rupture of the membranes before labour at
PROM
prelabour rupture of the membranes
SROM
spontaneous rupture of the membranes
Braxton Hicks contractions
painless uterine contractions in the antenatal period
Naegles rule
to estimate the probable date of childbirth (confinement) add 9 months and 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period
note: correction is required if pt does not have 28 day cycles
first stage of labour
from the start of labour until full dilatation of the cervix
second stage of labour
from full dilatation of the cervix until the birth of a baby
third stage of labour
from the birth of the baby until the delivery of the placenta and membranes
spurious or false labour
uterine contractions which may be regular and/or painful, but are not associated with cervical effacement and dilatation
oxytocic
medication that stimulates contractions of the uterine muscle
tocolytic
medication that stops uterine contractions
induction of labour
process of causing labour to commence
augmentation of labour
process of stimulating a labour that has already started
placenta praevia
placenta that approaches or covers the internal cervical os in late or third trimester
(placenta partly or wholly inserted in lower uterine segment)
vasa praevia
fetal vessels lying in the membranes in front of the presenting part
antepartum haemorrhage
bleeding >5ml from the vagina after 20 weeks gestation
abruption
separation of the placenta from the uterus in the antenatal or intrapartum period
post partum haemorrhage
vaginal bleeding >500ml in the first 24 hours after delivery
secondary post partum haemorrhage
vaginal bleeding >500ml, >24 hours after delivery
placenta accreta
placenta that invades the myometrium
uterine atony
abnormal relaxation of the uterus after delivery, usually causing bleeding
isoimmunisation
- blood group antibodies cross the placenta resulting in haemolysis of fetal RBCs
- antibodies include: D, c, K (Kell), Kidd, Duffy etc..
CTG
cardiotocogram
neonatal death
a liveborn infant who dies within 28 days of birth, of at least 20 weeks gestation or weighing >400g if gestation is unknown
stillbirth
an infant born >20 weeks gestation (or birthweight >400g if gestation unknown) who did not show any signs of life after birth
perinatal mortality rate
number of stillbirths plus neonatal deaths per 1000 births
maternal death
death of a woman while pregnant (irrespective of the gestation) or within 42 days of the conclusion of pregnancy irrespective of the cause of death or gestation at delivery
maternal mortality rate
number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
infant death
death of an infant between 29 days and 1 year of life
station
level of descent of the presenting part relative to the pelvic brim or symphysis on abdo palpation, or to the ischial spines on vaginal examination
lie (give examples)
relationship between the long axis of the fetus and the long axis of the uterus e.g. longitudinal, oblique, transverse
position (give examples)
- relationship of a defined area of the presenting part (the denominator) to the mother’s pelvis
- e.g. in a cephalic presentation, the denominator is the occiput thus the position is the occipito-anterior (OA), occipito-posterior (OP), left or right occipito-transverse (L/ROT)
- e.g. in a breech presentation, the denominator is the sacrum (SA, SP, ST)
presentation
part of the fetus which is presenting e.g. vertex (cephalic), breech
asynlitism
side to side tilt of the fetal head
caput
oedema from obstructed venous return in the fetal scalp caused by pressure of the head against the cervix
cervical incompetence
painless cervical dilatation in the second trimester causing preterm labour
cord prolapse
cord is alongside or below the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes
episiotomy
surgical incision of the perineum during the second stage of labour
third degree tear
perineal laceration which involves the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles and external anal sphincter
second degree tear
perineal laceration which involves the vaginal mucosa and perineal muscles
lochia
vaginal discharge during the puerperium
oligohydramnios
reduced amniotic fluid
polyhydramnios
excess amniotic fluid
pre eclampsia
hypertension, proteinuria and oedema in pregnancy
eclampsia
a seizure in the clinical setting of pre eclampsia
amniocentesis
sampling of amniotic fluid using a needle through the abdo wall
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
sampling of the placenta using a needle under US guidance
external cephalic version
turning a breech baby to cephalic presentation through the maternal abdo wall
retained placenta
placenta still in utero 1 hour after delivery of the baby
precipitate labour
labour
shoulder dystocia
difficulty delivering the shoulders after delivery of the fetal head
puerperium
the 6 weeks following delivery
quickening
maternal perception of fetal movements
restitution
rotation of the fetal head after delivery to align with the back and shoulders
show
discharge of blood and mucus from the vagina in early labour or days preceding labour
phototherapy
use of standard fluorescent white light or blue light therapy to photoisomerase bilirubin to allow for its excretion
exchange transfusion
- procedure to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice in which blood is removed and replaced with donor blood
- removes the bilirubin and antibodies that have been causing haemolysis and jaundice
low birthweight baby
very low birthweight baby
neonatal respiratory distress
- tachypnoea
- increased effort of breathing
- noisy breathing
- central cyanosis
caesarian hysterectomy
laparotomy at which the contents of the gravid uterus are delivered then the uterus is excised (e.g. due to placenta accreta)
perimortem CS
CS performed on a moribind or dead woman with a view to preserving her life
abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)
overarching term for disturbed menstrual bleeding which includes bleeding that is abnormally heavy or abnormal in timing
primary ammenhorrhea
absence of periods ever
secondary ammenhorhea
absence of periods for a 6-month period
intermenstrual bleeding
bleeding episodes between normally timed menstrual periods that are either random or follow a cyclical pattern
irregular menstrual bleeding
unpredictable onset of menses with cycle variations of >20 days over a period of 1 year
prolonged menstrual bleeding
menstrual bleeding lasting >8 days on a regular basis
acute AUB
- AUB = abnormal uterine bleeding
- an episode of heavy bleeding that is sufficiently heavy to require immediate treatment to prevent further blood loss
chronic AUB
bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, duration and/or frequency and has been present for most of the past 6 months
heavy menstrual bleeding (replaces menorrhagia)
excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman’s physical, emotional, social and material QoL occurring alone or with other sx
dysmenorrhea
pelvic pain during menstruation
dyspareunia
pain with sexual intercourse
cervical excitation
pain felt by the woman when her cervix is moved during vaginal examination, typically from free blood in the peritoneal cavity
cervical ectropion
endocervical columnar epithelium protrudes through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix
infertility
failure of a couple to conceive in 1 year
endometriosis
occurrence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus, most commonly on the pelvic peritoneal surfaces
adenomyosis
occurrence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes or pelvis
menopause
final menstrual period
premature menopause
menopause occurring
climacteric/perimenopause
period of time when ovarian function declines and menopausal sx appear
post menopause
time after menopause q
lactational amenorrhea
effective contraception provided when a woman is fully breast-feeding a baby
