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AN Prep > Women's Health Questions > Flashcards

Women's Health Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Goodell’s Sign

A

cervical softening due to increased vascularization 4-5 wks

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2
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

bluish discoloration of the cervix and vulva around 10-12 wks

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3
Q

Pelvic US detects fetus around:

A

5-6 wks

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4
Q

Fetal Movement in Pregnancy:

A

16-20 wks (quickening)

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5
Q

Fetal heart tones develop? normal HR?

A

10-12 wks

  • -> end of first trimester
  • ->120-160 BPM
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6
Q

ladin’s sign

A

uterine softening after 6 wks

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7
Q

hegar’s sign

A

uterine isthmus softening after 6-8 wks gestation

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8
Q

piskacek’s sign

A

palpable lateral bulge or softening of the uterine corpus around 7-8 wks

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9
Q

Prenatal Care: 2nd Trimester (5)

A

1- Triple Screening: 15-20 wks (AFP, B-hcg, estradiol)
2- Inhibin-A: high levels may indicate chromosomal abnormalities
3- UA: check amniotic fluid levels, fetal growth for GA, and viability
4- Amniocentesis 15-18 wks
5- Gestational Diabetes Screening 24-28 wks

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10
Q

Prenatal Care: 1st Trimester (3)

A

1- Maternal Blood Screening Tests:
–Down syndrome (3 tests)
–Uterine Size and Gestation (abnormal –> CVS or Amniocentesis)
2- US (fetal heart sounds around 5-6 wks/doppler around 10-12 wks)
3- Chorionic Villi Samping (around 10-13 wks)
–> SaB

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11
Q

Prenatal Care: Routine Tests During First Visit (14)

A

1-

2-

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12
Q

Markers for Down Syndrome Screening in the 1st Trimester:

A

1- free beta-hcg (extremes high/low is abnormal)
2- PAPP-A (low is abnormal)
3- nuchal translucency (thickness=abnormal)

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13
Q

Amniocentesis/CVS indications: (6)

A

sfkjdk

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14
Q

Amniocentesis/CVS indications: (6)

A

1- chromosomal abnormality in previous child
2- abnormal maternal screen 1st trimester
3- abnormal maternal screen 2nd trimester
4- abnormal US
5- mom > 35 yo
6- previous pregnancy loss

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15
Q

Indications for Colposcopy: (4)

A

1- ASCUS with HPV +
2- LSIL
3- HSIL
4- Persistent ASCUS

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16
Q

Indications for Hysteroscopy: (4)

A

1- myoma bx or excision
2- PM bleeding
3- endometrial ablation
4- retained products of conception

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17
Q

Indications for Laparoscopy: (3)

A
  • essure/tubal ligation
  • ectopic pregnancy, ruptured and unstable
  • endometrium evaluation
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18
Q

Mifepristone drug MOA

A

Progestin antagonist

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19
Q

Misoprostol drug MOA

A

Prostaglandin analog—> stimulates uterine contractions

20
Q

Methotrexate drug MOA

A

Folic acid antagonist

21
Q

Cryptomenorrhea

A

Light flow or spotting

22
Q

Polymenorrhagia

A

Frequent cycle interval (<21 days)

23
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Infrequent menstruation (prolonged cycle length >35 days but <6 months)

24
Q

Acute severe dysfunctional bleeding TX:

A

IV high dose estrogens/high dose OCPs

—> if IV estrogens fail, then DnC

25
Q

How to dx DUB?

A

Negative pelvic exam and r/o organic causes; DX of exclusion

26
Q

Hypothalamus Dysfx TX: (2)

A

1-clomiphene

2-menotropin (pergonal)

27
Q

MC cause of infertility:

A

PCOS

28
Q

If estrogen is contraindicated in a postmenopausal woman, which alternative medication can be used to treat significant hot flashes, especially if there is concurrent sleep disturbance?

A

Gabapentin

29
Q

If estrogen is contraindicated in a postmenopausal woman, which alternative medication can be used to treat significant hot flashes, especially if there is concurrent sleep disturbance?

A

reassurance (gynecomastia is common in males during early pubertal changes)

30
Q

Etiologies of gynecomastia:

A 
1- physiologic (early pubertal changes)
2- ethanol abuse
3- Klinefelter syndrome
4- Kidney failure, liver disease, etc.
5- Tumors (testicular and adrenal)
6- Medications
--cimetidine
--ketoconazole
--spironolactone
--steroids
--risperidone
--finasteride
31
Q

Premature Menopause is defined as:

A

Menopause before 40 y.o.

32
Q

RF for premature menopause: (4)

A
  • DM
  • Smoker
  • malnourished pts
  • vegetarians
33
Q

Risks associated with combo OCP: (2)

A
  • increased risk for breast cancer (controversial)

- Venous thromboembolism

34
Q

Predominant estrogen after menopause:

A

estrone (ester-ALONE)

35
Q

DX for menopause:

A
  • elevated FSH: most sensitive initial test (>30)

- also, elevated LH

36
Q

Menopause hot flashes TX:

A
  • estrogen
  • progesterone
  • clonidine
  • gabapentin
  • SSRI
37
Q

Menopause Osteoporosis prevention:

A
  • Calcium (500-1000 mg/day for total of 1200mg/d) and Vitamin D (800 IU/d)
  • weight bearing exercise
  • bisphosphonates**
  • calcitonin
  • estrogen
  • SERM**–> raloxifene, tamoxifen
38
Q

MC benign gynecologic lesion

A

leiomyoma (uterine fibroid)

39
Q

MC leiomyoma SXS?

A

MC ASXS; but if SXS, then heavy periods

40
Q

RF for endometriosis: (3)

A
  • nulliparity**
  • Fam hx
  • early menarche
41
Q

Onset for endometriosis occurs before age:

A

35

42
Q

MC gyn cancer in US

A

endometrial CA

43
Q

endometrial CA is ___ MC in US overall cancers

A

4th

1- breast, 2- lung, 3- colorectal

44
Q

Prophylaxis for endometritis in a C-section:

A

1st gen cephalosporin x 1 dose during surgery (Cephalexin/Cefazolin)

45
Q

3 signs of placental separation:

A

1- gush of blood
2- lengthening of the umbilical cord
3- anterior-cephalad movement of the uterine fundus (becomes globular & firmer)

AN Prep (3 decks)

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