Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Women's health definition > women's health definition > Flashcards

women's health definition Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 investigations in pre-pregnancy visit; and say why

A

Varicella Ab, Rubella Ab, Pap smear.

Congenital infections and deferring of treatment, respectively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 3 conditions that requires change of medication during pregnancy, why, and what are those changes

A
  1. T2DM. OHGs are teratogenic, change to insulin.
  2. epilepsy. most antiepileptics are teratogenic, withhold or use optimal ones (e.g. lamotrigine)
  3. anticoagulation. warfarin produces foetal abnormalities, switch to clexane.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name 2 conditions with very bad prognosis in pregnancy

A
  1. renal disease with creatinine >0.3 2. pulmonary hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give pre-pregnancy advice on folate intake. (how long prior to pregnancy, dosage, formula)

A

Start taking folate three months prior to pregnancy and all the way through; 0.5mg/d standard, and 5mg/d for high risk of neural tube defect. Often available as part of multivitamin tablet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are alcohol, smoking and cocaine bad in pregnancy?

A

Alcohol: foetal alcohol syndrome.
Smoking: increased risk of miscarriage.
Cocaine: limb defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 4 symptoms of pregnancy

A

Absence of period, urinary frequency, nausea, breast tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

For gestational age ultrasounds, what does the 6-12wk one and the 12-20wk one measure, respectively?

A

6-12wk: crown rump length (size of foetus)

12-20wk: biparietal diameter (size of head)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Naegele’s rule, when does it need adjustment, and when is it unreliable?

A

9mos + 1wk from first day of last normal menstrual period.
Adjust if cycle longer or shorter than 28 days
Unreliable if irregular cycles or recently ceased OCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why are allergies important in pregnancy?

A

Anaphylaxis generally lethal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Three parts of a gynaecological examination.

A

External inspection, speculum examination and bimanual palpation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What investigation to order at first antenatal visit? (haematology, blood bank, microbiology, cytology, biochemical and imaging)

A

haem: Hv, platelet, MCV
blood bank: blood group, antibody screen
microbiology: rubella, varicella; syphilis; HIV, HBV, HCV
cytology: pap smear
biochemical: serum screen T21 or NIPT
imaging: 12wk nuchal translucency; 19wk morphology scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What food poisoning to worry about during pregnancy, why and the source of foods?

A

Listeria. Worry because it crosses placenta and causes miscarriage/stillbirth. Source of foods include soft cheeses, chicken and pre-packaged salads.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 5 mineral and vitamin supplementation recommended during pregnancy

A

Iron, calcium, vitamin D, folate and iodine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name 2 conditions of focus in subsequent antenatal visits, and their signs.

A
  1. pre-eclampsia. hypetension, proteinuria and oedema.

2. placental insufficiency. poor foetal movement, poor growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Recommended frequency for subsequent antenatal visits according to gestational age.

A

<28wks: monthly
28-36wks: fortnightly
>36wks: weekly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anatomical landmark for measurement of fundal height?

A

from pubic symphysis to top of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Investigations for 28wk visit?

A

FBE, OGTT; and if Rh-ve, do Rh Ab and administer anti-D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Investigations for 36wk visit?

A

FBE (if Hb low); GBS swab (low vaginal and anal); anti-D if Rh-ve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What to do if GBS+ve?

A

Intrapartum penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 physiological changes in cardiovascular system during pregnancy?

A

increased cardiac output and decreased total peripheral resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a physiological change in blood during pregnancy

A

Anaemia

22
Q

What is a physiological change in GI during pregnancy? What is Mendelson’s syndrome?

A

Decreased LOS tone.

Mendelson’s syndrome is aspiration pneumonitis during anaesthesia during pregnancy.

23
Q

Onset and offset of three stages of labour.

A

Stage one: from onset of labour till cervix fully dilated (10cm).
stage two: from cervix fully effaced till delivery of baby.
stage three: from delivery of baby till delivery of placenta

24
Q

Diagnosis of labour

A

painful uterine contraction associated with one of the following:

  • effacement and dilatation of cervix
  • ruptured membrane
  • show (small volume blood loss)
25
Q

During first stage of labour, how often do you do BP, PR, temperature and urine test?

A

hourly BP, PR and temp

4 hourly urine test

26
Q

During first stage of labour, how often do you palpate the abdomen, and how often do you examine vagina?

A

hrly abdominal palpation; 4hrly vaginal examination

27
Q

Name four indications for antibiotics in labour

A
  • GBS
  • prolonged ruptured membrane
  • suspected chorioamnionitis
  • endocarditis prophylaxis
28
Q

What to give woman with GBS +ve and penicillin allergy?

A

clindamycin or erythromycin

29
Q

Name 3 pharmacological means of obstetric analgesia

A
  • nitrous oxide
  • narcotic analgesia
  • regional analgesia
30
Q

Name 2 absolute and 2 relative contraindication to regional analgesia

A

absolute: 1. allergy to the local anaesthetic used 2. infection at puncture site
relative: 1. coagulopathy 2. sepsis

31
Q

Name 4 immediate side effects of regional analgesia

A
  • hypotension
  • total spinal block
  • local anaesthetic toxicity
  • instrumental vaginal delivery (inability to push)
32
Q

Define incidental, indirect and direct causes of maternal mortality, and some examples

A

Incidental causes: maternal mortality unrelated to pregnancy; homicide, accident, malignancy
Indirect causes: pre-existing disease or disease developed during pregnancy that is aggravated by physiological changes in pregnancy; heart disease, SAH, suicide
Direct causes: maternal mortality as a result of obstetric complication; preeclampsia, amniotic fluid embolism, obstetric haemorrhage

33
Q

What are the physiological changes in pregnancy in respiratory system?

A

hyperventilation, increased tidal volume, decreased functional residual capacity later in term

34
Q

What is a physiological change in pregnancy in renal system?

A

GFR increased by 55%

35
Q

Name five things about resuscitation in pregnancy and why.

A
  1. lie left tilt - aorto-caval compression
  2. increased dosage of resus drugs - increased blood volume
  3. early use of ETT - aspiration risk
  4. adequate ventilation - reduced FRC
  5. adrenaline use caution - reduce uteroplacental perfusion
36
Q

Name three implications of cardiac diseases due to increased cardiac output in pregnancy.

A
  1. LV dysfunction (IHD, severe valvular disease, CM)
  2. fixed cardiac output (stenotic valve disease)
  3. aneurysm
37
Q

Name three cardiac condition with highest mortality in pregnancy.

A
  1. pulmonary hypertension
  2. cyanotic heart disease
  3. peripartum or other cardiomyopathy
38
Q

Name 3 delivery risk factors for VTE in pregnancy

A

long labour, dehydration, operative delivery (CS)

39
Q

DVT more commonly occur in left leg or right leg?

A

Left leg (85%)

40
Q

Name 3 risks for the foetus of radiation exposure in pregnancy

A

growth restriction, neuron depletion/neurocognitive delay, small increase in risk of cancer

41
Q

Over ?rad is it consider to be unsafe during pregnancy? And name 3 examples.

A

> 5 rad

IVP, barium enema and lumbar spine X-ray

42
Q

What is cervical effacement?

A

Shortening of the cervix.

43
Q

Define spurious labour

A

painful contractions without effacement of cervix

44
Q

What is “the membrane” and what does it contain?

A

The membrane is the fused chorion and amnion.

It contains amniotic fluid, placenta and the foetus.

45
Q

What is the rate of cervical dilatation in first stage of labour?

A

begins at 2-4cm, then >1cm/hr afterwards

46
Q

The frequency of uterine muscle contraction needed to facilitate delivery.

A

3-5 contractions every 10 minutes

47
Q

Name five foetal variables that impact on delivery.

A

size, lie, presentation, attitude and position

48
Q

What is the “lie” of foetus?

A

Longitudinal or transverse in the uterus

49
Q

What is the “presentation” of foetus?

A

Whether the head is presenting to the pelvis or breech or other

50
Q

What is the “attitude” of foetus and which is good?

A

flexion or extension of foetal neck. Flexed foetal neck is good because it represents good oxygenation.

51
Q

How to assess foetal well-being during labour?

A

auscultation of foetal heart and observation of amount and colour of amniotic fluid.

Women's health definition (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions