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Block 4 - OBGYN > Women's Health Anatomy > Flashcards

Women's Health Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

3 bones of the pelvis

A
  • ilium
  • pubis
  • ischium
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2
Q

What is the iliac crest?

A

the top ridge of the ilium

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3
Q

What are the two prominences on the ilium?

A
  • post. superior iliac spine (PSIS)
  • ant. superior iliac spine (ASIS)
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4
Q

Describe the pelvic brim.

A

the inner circle of the pelvis that extends from the superior pubic crest of the pubic bone then posteriorly to the sacral promontory

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5
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic brim?

A

superior pubic crest and sacral promontory

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6
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

area where we have articulation with the hip joint

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7
Q

What is the obturator?

A

opening within the ischium

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8
Q

What is the pubic symphysis?

A

the cartilaginous tissue that connects the pubic bones anteriorly

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9
Q

What happens to the pubic symphysis during childbirth

A

it stretches to allow for enlargement of the pelvic brim to allow for baby to pass

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10
Q

What is the pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)?

A

continuous oval ridge that runs from pubic crest posterior to sacrum

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11
Q

What makes up the pelvic brim?

A

false pelvis & true pelvis

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12
Q

Location of the false pelvis

A

superior to pelvic brim

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13
Q

Location of true pelvis

A

inferior to pelvic brim; defines birth canal

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14
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

inferior margin of the true pelvis

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15
Q

What bones make up the pelvic brim?

A
  • pubis
  • ischium
  • ilium
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
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16
Q

How does the female pelvis differ from the male pelvis?

A

wider, shallower, lighter, rounder

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17
Q

What is superior to the pelvic brim?

A

false pelvis

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18
Q

The false pelvis essentially sits in the….

A

abdominal cavity

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19
Q

What is inferior to the pelvic brim?

A

true pelvis

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20
Q

The true pelvis is also what we call the…

A

birth canal

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21
Q

The inferior margin of true pelvis aka

A

pelvic outlet

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22
Q

The pelvic outlet is defined by the…

A

pubic arch, ischial spines & coccyx

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23
Q

What sits below the pelvic outlet?

A

perineum
- what we see during vag exams
- location of roots of female genitalia (anchor external genitalia)

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24
Q

NOTE

A

False pelvis–> true pelvis–> pelvic inlet–> Pelvic outlet–> perineum

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25
Q

What makes up the pelvic diaphragm?

A
  • 3 parts of the levator ani
  • coccygeus
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26
Q

What are the 3 muscle of the levator ani?

A
  • iliococcygeus
  • pubococcygeus
  • puborectalis
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27
Q

What do all 3 muscles of the levator ani converge?

A

tendinous arch

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28
Q

What is the function of the levator ani muscles?

A

prevent pelvic organs from falling out

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29
Q

What structures pass through the levator ani?

A
  • rectum
  • vagina
  • urethra
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30
Q

What innervates the pelvic floor/wall muscles?

A

Sacral Plexus (L4 - S4)

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31
Q

What are the nerves of the sacral plexus?

A
  • sciatic nerve
  • gluteal nerve
  • pudendal nerve
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32
Q

Sciatic nerve supplies the…

A

leg & foot

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33
Q

Gluteal nerve supplies the…

A

posterior glute muscles

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34
Q

Pudendal nerve supplies the…

A

perineum

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35
Q

Function of the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2 - S4)

A

Parasympathetic to hindgut, bladder & genitalia

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36
Q

When is a pudendal nerve block done?

A

In ppl who are having perineal pain; this nerve supplies sensation to the genitalia, perineum, & anal region
–> episiotomy after childbirth

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37
Q

Arterial supply to the pelvis & perineum comes from the…

A

internal iliac arteries

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38
Q

What does the anterior trunk supply?

A

pelvic organs
–> uterus, vaginal, etc
perineum

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39
Q

What does the anterior trunk supply?

A
  • lumbar
  • iliac
  • sacral
  • gluteal regions
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40
Q

Do the internal iliac arteries supply the gonads?

A

NO

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41
Q

What do the gonadal arteries arise from?

A

directly from the abdominal aorta

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42
Q

Anterior internal iliac artery give rise to these arteries: (6)

A
  • Patent umbilical artery (give rise to vesicle artery (bladder)
  • Obturator artery
  • Uterine artery
  • Vaginal artery
  • Middle rectal artery
  • Internal pudendal artery (feeds external genitalia)
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43
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pelvis?

A
  • pelvic plexus
  • hepatic portal or caval drainage
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44
Q

Describe the pelvic plexus

A

a bunch of anastomoses of veins that drain eventually into the hepatic portal system or into the inferior vena cava

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45
Q

The superficial tissue/pelvic cavity lymph fluid drains into the…

A

internal & external iliac nodes–> lateral aortic nodes

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46
Q

The testes & ovaries lymph fluid drains into the…

A

lateral aortic nodes

47
Q

List the parts of the vulva

A
  • Mons pubis
  • Labia majora
  • Labia minora (Vesitbule)
  • Clitoris = glans + clitoral hood (prepuce)
  • Bartholian glands
  • Skene’s gland
48
Q

Describe the mons pubis

A
  • Rounded fatty area that overlies the pubic bone.
  • Post puberty females, covered by hair
49
Q

Describe the labia majora

A
  • 2 large fleshy folds of skin that extend from the mons pubis down the perineum posteriorly towards the rectum
  • Outer surface is covered by pubic hair; the inner surface is smooth & some sebaceous oi/sweat glands
  • Main function is to protect the inner structures of the vulva
50
Q

Describe the labia minora

A

There are kind of two portions: two smaller hairless folds of skin that surround the vagina & urethral openings

51
Q

Describe the vestibule

A

the area within the labia minora where there are some smaller inner folds of the vulva; contain ureteral and vaginal openings; also called the introdis

52
Q

Describe the Bartholin glands

A

glands that sits on either side of the vaginal opening & they secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina; prone to abscess/cyst

53
Q

Describe the Skene’s glands

A

Periurethral glands; around the urethral opening; also help with lubrication

54
Q

What is the erectile tissue for the female?

A

glans

55
Q

What is the corpora cavernosa?

A

crura attached along pubic arch

56
Q

What are the bulbs of the vestible

A

anchored along the perineal membrane

57
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

CT structure to which pelvic floor muscles & perineal membrane attach
–> site of episiotomy

58
Q

Where is the perineal body located?

A

just b/t the vaginal opening & rectal sphincter

59
Q

What are the organs of the female reproductive system?

A
  • vagina
  • cervix
  • uterus
  • uterine tubes
  • ovaries
60
Q

What are the parts of the cervix?

A
  • external os
  • internal os
    –> posterior fornix
61
Q

What makes up the uterine adnexa?

A

uterine tubes + ovaries

62
Q

What is the pathway of female organs from external to internal?

A

Vagina–> Cervix–> Uterus–> Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)–> ovaries

63
Q

Describe the cervix

A

opening of the uterus; non muscular cartilaginous tissue that separates the uterus & vagina

64
Q

The anterior part of the vagina is connected to the…

A

bladder
–> & the uterus also articulates w/ the bladder

65
Q

What articulates with the rectum?

A

posterior part of the vagina & some of the uterus

66
Q

What are the fornixes?

A

areas around the cervix

67
Q

What is the posterior fornix?

A

–> area where we can enter surgically (minimally invasive)
–> where we can enter the abdo cavity;
pelvic mass cyst, or pain (drainage, lyse adhesions)

68
Q

What are the parts of the uterus?

A

body and fundus

69
Q

What are the 3 possible positions of the uterus?

A
  • anteflexed
  • retroverted
  • retroflexed
70
Q

What is the most common position of the uterus?

A

anteflexed

71
Q

Describe a anteflexed uterus

A

uterus lays against bladder

72
Q

Describe a retroverted uterus

A

uterus sits more upward toward spine

73
Q

Describe a retroflexed uterus

A

uterus is flexed toward the rectum

74
Q

What supplies blood supply to & from the uterus?

A

uterine arteries & veins

75
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A
  • perimetrium
  • myometrium
  • endometrium
76
Q

Describe the perimetrium (serosa)

A

visceral peritoneum

77
Q

Describe the myometrium

A

thick smooth muscular layer; will contract during childbirth

78
Q

Describe the endometrium

A

inner layer; the mucosal lining of uterus; where fertilized eggs burrow during development

79
Q

Describe the functional layer of the endometrium.

A

changes in response to ovarian hormone cycles; sheds during you period

80
Q

Describe the basal layer of the endometrium.

A

forms a new functional layer after menstruation; base renewal

81
Q

Uterine tubes aka

A

fallopian tubes

82
Q

What are parts of the uterine tubes?

A
  • Isthmus
  • Ampulla
  • Infundibulum
  • Fimbriae
83
Q

Describe the isthmus

A

the area of the tube that connects to the uterus

84
Q

What is the location of a tubal ligation?

A

isthmus

85
Q

Describe the ampulla

A

the widened portion of the tube

86
Q

Describe the infundibulum

A

the largest part that articulates with the ovary

87
Q

Describe the fimbriae

A

fingerlike extension; collect & sweep up eggs for ovulation

88
Q

NOTE

A

The ovaries have an outer cortex & inner medulla

89
Q

What is contained w/n the ovaries?

A

ovarian follicles

90
Q

What are ovary follicles?

A

tiny sac-like structures that are usually embedded in the outer cortex & contain immature eggs or oocytes

91
Q

What happens to the immature eggs during menstruation?

A

they will ripen or mature & be ejected from the ovary.
–> ovulation

92
Q

What happens once the egg is ejected?

A

fimbriae will pick up the egg–> sweep it into the fallopian tube–> enter the uterus for potential fertilization

93
Q

List the ligaments of the uterus

A
  1. Broad ligament (intraperitoneal)
  2. Round ligament
  3. Suspensory ligament
  4. Ovarian ligament
  5. Cardinal (transverse cervical) ligament
  6. Uterosacral & pubocervical
94
Q

Location of the ovaries

A

lateral wall of the true pelvis

95
Q

Describe the broad ligament

A

drape-like ligament of double-layer peritoneum that drapes over the uterus, uterine tubes & ovaries

96
Q

Describe the round ligament

A

fibrous cord that runs from the area where the fallopian tubes enter the uterus (isthmus) through the inguinal canal & anchors to the labia majora

97
Q

What does the round ligament cause during pregnancy?

A

causes pain from overstretching & can be felt on the labia majora

98
Q

What does the suspensory ligament contain?

A

ovarian artery & vein

99
Q

Function of the ovarian ligament.

A

helps attach the ovaries to the uterus

100
Q

Describe the cardinal ligament.

A

thick band of CT that extends from the cervix to the lateral parts of the vagina & pelvic wall

101
Q

What other 2 ligaments work in conjunction with the cardinal ligament?

A

Uterosacral ligament & pubocervical ligaments

102
Q

Boundaries of the uterosacral ligament.

A

extend from the cervix and upper vagina up to the sacrum

103
Q

Boundaries of the pubocervical ligament.

A

extend from the cervix up to the posterior pubic symphysis

104
Q

Function of the cardinal, uterosacral & pubocervical ligaments.

A
  • maintain positioning of the uterus & other structures of the pelvic cavity
  • prevent displacement esp. during childbirth.
  • help protect the uterus.
105
Q

Dysfunction of the cardinal, uterosacral & pubocervical ligaments can cause…

A

uterine prolapse

106
Q

Describe the areola.

A

pigmented skin surrounding nipple

107
Q

Function of suspensory ligaments

A

attach breast to underlying muscles

108
Q

Lobes–> lobules–> glandular alveoli… these alveoli produce….?

A

milk

109
Q

Describe the passage way of milk in the breast.

A

lactiferous ducts–> lactiferous sinuses–> open to outside at nipple

110
Q

Describe glandular tissue in non-nursing women.

A

undeveloped

111
Q

Describe mammary glands.

A

modified sweat glands that are made of different lobes & fat tissue

112
Q

Breast CA can arise from what parts of the breast & what do we call this type of CA?

A
  • arises from lactiferous ducts & sinuses
  • ductal CA
113
Q

Function mammary glands in women

A

milk production & feeding of babies

114
Q

Function of mammary glands in men

A
  • galactorrhea: non-milk discharge from nipple as a SE of some meds
  • gynecomastia: enlargement of breast tissue as a SE of some meds

Block 4 - OBGYN (5 decks)

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