Women's Civil Rights Flashcards
American Equal Rights Association
1866- founded by Anthony and Stanton campaigning fore the suffrage for all citizens
American Women’s Suffrage Association and National Women’s Suffrage Association
founded 1869- AWSA- Lucy Stone campaigned for the right to vote for black Americans and also for women at state level
NWSA- Anthony and Stanton- campaigned for full federal recognition for the right to vote
15th Amendment
1870- gave African American men right to vote- no discrimination- did not take into account women
Comstock Laws
1873- made the sale and distribution of contraceptives illegal
Women’s Crusade
temperance campaign 1873-4
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
1874- promoted temperance as a means to protecting the home
Hull House
Jane Addams in 1889- campaigned against social issues like poor housing and aided immigrants in finding jobs
Anti- Saloon League
National Association for Coloured Women
1896- campaigned against gender discrimination and racial prejudice for black women. More than 50,000 women joined by 1915 and 300,000 in 1918
National American Women’s Suffrage Association
1890- merge of NWSA and AWSA- 10,000 members by 1910. Divisions made it weak- only represented 1/2 of women.
National Consumer’s League
1899- campaigned for higher wages for women as sale clerks, better legislation in the workplace and better facilities for women and children
Catt takes over NAWSA
1900- Carrie Chapman Catt took over NAWSA and began active protest, furthered by Alice Paul and Congressional Union for Women’s Suffrage 1913- organised mass demonstrations and picketed the White House
Jeanette Rankin
became first woman to take seat in the house of representatives in 1917 and there were other opportunities to take public office
19th Amendment
1920- gave women the right to vote over 21 - only those who were naturalised. Immigrant women did not benefit - AA women faced intimidation and many women voted as their husbands did. No united approach on how to use the vote
Women’s Bureau in Department of Labour founded
1920
Shepherd Towner Act
provided federal funding for maternity and childcare
American Birth Control League
1921- Margaret Sanger- first legal birth control clinic
Women’s Organisation for National Prohibition Reform
1929- Pauline Sabine was convinced that prohibition was a failure as legislation was highly ineffective in achieving abstinence
National Recovery Administration
princple for lower pay for women established under leadership of Frances Perkins 1933
21st Amendment
1933- repeals Prohibition
Social Security Act and Aid to Dependent Children
alleviated family stress by giving benefits to married women but not especially for them. The aid to dependent children 1935 helped women and young families nut aid was mostly given to white women
Gallup Poll published
1936- showed that 82% of Americans resented working women. 26 states introduced laws which banned women from working
Fair Labor Standards Act
1938- tried to set new minimum wages levels but women still earned 20% less than men
Feminine Mystique Published
1963- Betty Friedan -many were inspired to join her movement to demand for greater rights for women
President’s Commission on the Status of Women
1963- Kennedy - promoted equal pay for women, it also promoted training for young women for marriage and motherhood
Civil Rights Act and Equal Employment Opportunities Commission
1964
National Organisation for Women
1966- by Friedan- lobbied the US senate as well as filled lawsuits against discrimination. Involvement in the civil rights protests and the anti-Vietnam campaigns meant that they gained popularity and support.
National Organisation for the repeal of abortion laws
1969- Friedan - encouraged radical feminism and its increasing demands for the rights of women. Anti- feminism developed as a result during the 1970s which was to be a potent force later on
Reed v Reed
1971- rules that its unfair to prefer men over women at work
National Women’s Political Caucus
1971- set up to encourage women to stand for election
Gloria Steinem and Helen Reddy
1972 - ‘Ms’ Magazine and ‘I am a woman’- argued against the traditional roles of women and promoted feminism.
Equal Employment Opportunities Act
1972
National Committee to stop ERA
1972- by Phyllis Schlafly
Roe v Wade
1973- declared women had a right to an abortion
National Right to Life Committee
1973- campaigned against Roe v Wade by the argument that everyone had a right to live
National Abortion Rights Action League
1974
Pregnancy Discrimination Act
1978- makes it illegal to discriminate on the basis of pregnancy and childbirth
