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Year 3 GP Block Aashi Jade Pam > Women's and Men's Health > Flashcards

Women's and Men's Health Flashcards

1
Q

Define dysmennorrhea

A

Painful periods

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2
Q

Define menorrhagia

A

Heavy periods

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3
Q

Define oligomenorrhoea

A

Infrequent periods

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4
Q

Define metrorrhagia

A

bleed ing between periods

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5
Q

Red flags in menstural hx?

A

Abnormal discharge, bleeding in between periods, bleeding after sex, weight loss, palpable mass in pelvis, sx of mets, iron deficiency anaemia

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6
Q

How can cervical cancer present on examination?

A

White or red patches on cervix. As disease progresses - abnormal cervix appearance.

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7
Q

How do you manage mennorhagia?

A

Treat cause. If no cause, tranexamic acid, COCP, IUS. Give iron tablets if anaemic

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8
Q

What are red flags for menorrhagia?

A

Weight loss, masses in pelvis or abdomen, iron def or anaemia, constipation, discomfort or pelvic pain.

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9
Q

How do you manage mennorhagia?

A

Treat cause. If no cause, tranexamic acid, COCP, IUS. Give iron tablets if anaemic

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10
Q

How does ovarian cancer present?

A

early satiety, abdo distension, abdo or pelvic mass, haemturia, fatigue and weight loss

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11
Q

What investigations would you do for menorrhagia

A

Cervical exam, abdo and pelvic exam, FBC, ultrasound

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12
Q

What is primary dysmenorrhea?

A

Young girls, painful periods in the absence of pelvic pathology, usually due to prostaglandins

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13
Q

How is PCOS treated?

A

COCP and lifestyle advice. Also give metformin.

Spironolactone - hirstuism

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14
Q

What is Turners Syndrome?

A

Ovarian dysgenesis, No oestrogen and high FSH and LH

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15
Q

How would treat Turners Syndrome

A

Regular BP and surveillance checks, growth hormone therapy, and potentially oestrogen and progesterone

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16
Q

What do you need to rule out for amenorrhea?

A

pregnancy and menopause

17
Q

Define primary and secondary amenorrhea

A

Primary - periods never started. Secondary - periods started but has stopped for six months.

18
Q

How would you investigate or assess a woman presenting with amenorrhea?

A

See if they have secondary sexual characteristics. If not - see if there is an underlying chromosomal delay. Measure GnRH. Genetic testing. Palpate vagina and abdomen. USS, TFTs, prolactin levels.

19
Q

What are red flags for urinary symptoms in men?

A

On examination - hard prostate, irregular prostate, unexplained haematuria, lower back pain, bone pain, weight loss.

20
Q

How is PCOS treated?

A

COCP and lifestyle advice. Also give metformin.

21
Q

How does menopause present?

A

hot flushes, night sweats, irregular periods, joint pain, itching, bloating, mood changers, forgetfulness, vaginal dryness, urge-stress incontinence

22
Q

How would you test if a woman is in menopause?

A

FSH blood test

23
Q

How does stress incontinence present?

A

Increase pressure leads to leakage of urine - e.g. jumping or laughing.

24
Q

What advice would you give to a patient with stress incontinence?

A

Lifestyle advice - less caffeine, reduce fluid intake, reduce weight, 3 months of pelvic floor muscle training.

25
Q

What symptoms are related to a voiding problem?

A

Hesitancy, weak or intermitted urinary stream.

26
Q

What symptoms are related to a storage problem of urine?

A

urgency, nocturia, day time urinary frequency, incontience

27
Q

What symptoms are related to post micturition condition?

A

Post micturition dribble and sensation of incomplete emptying.

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sildenafil?

A

Blocks phosphodiesterase 5 - promotes breakdown of cGMP which regulates blood flow in the penis

29
Q

How does urge incontinence present?

A

Compelling desire to pass urine immediately accompanied or followed by involuntary leakage

30
Q

How do you treat urge incontinence

A

Bladder training referral, oxybutynin (antimuscuranic drug)

31
Q

What is an overactive bladder?

A

Regularly gets a sudden desire to pass urine which is difficult to put off

32
Q

How do you treat OAB

A

Decrease fluid intake, improve healthy lifestyle, urinary containment products. Referral for supervised bladder training and if not working, oxybutynin

33
Q

What is erectile dysfunction

A

Inability to maintain and establish an erection

34
Q

What drugs can cause erectile dysfunction?

A

Beta blockers, verapamil, antipsychotics, thiazides, spirinolactone, digoxin, amiodarone, recreational drugs

35
Q

How would you treat erectile dysfunction?

A

Establish and treat cause. Urology referral for young men who have always had a problem. Prescribe sidenafil

36
Q

What are other causes of erectile dysfunction?

A

Psychological- stress and anxiety

Hx of pelvic and uretheral surgery. Endocrine disorders e..g hyperthyroidism and Cushings

Year 3 GP Block Aashi Jade Pam (14 decks)

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