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Fiona's MD3 facts > Women's > Flashcards

Women's Flashcards

1
Q

Nullipara

A

A woman who has never been pregnant beyond 20 weeks gestation

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2
Q

Gravid

A

The number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome

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3
Q

G6, P4

A

Gravida 6, Para 4 means pregnant 6 times (includes the current pregnancy) and has previously delivered 4 babies at more than 20 weeks gestation

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4
Q

Grand multipara

A

A woman who has delivered 5 or more babies at more than 20 weeks gestation

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5
Q

Abortion/miscarriage

A

Pregnancy loss before 20 weeks gestation

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6
Q

Labour

A

Regular painful contractions with cervical change after 20 weeks gestation

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7
Q

Lower uterine segment caesarean section

A

Operative delivery of the baby through an incision in the lower uterine segment

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8
Q

Classical caesarean section

A

Operative delivery of a baby through a vertical incision in the upper segment of the uterus

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9
Q

Hysterotomy

A

Operative delivery of the baby through a uterine incision at less than 20 weeks gestation

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10
Q

Preterm Labour

A

Labour at less than 37 weeks gestation

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11
Q

Prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM)

A

Rupture of the membranes before the onset of labour

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12
Q

Premature prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)

A

Rupture of the membranes before labour at less than 37 weeks gestation

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13
Q

ARM/AROM

A

Artificial rupture of the membranes

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14
Q

SROM

A

Spontaneous rupture of the membranes

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15
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions

A

Painless uterine contractions in the antenatal period

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16
Q

Naegles rule

A

To estimate the probable date of confinement.
Add 9 months and 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period. A correction is required if the patient does not have 28 day cycles.

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17
Q

First stage of labour

A

From the start of labour until full dilatation of the cervix

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18
Q

Second stage of labour

A

From full dilatation of the cervix until birth of the baby

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19
Q

Third stage of labour

A

From the birth of the baby until the delivery of the placenta and membranes

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20
Q

Spurious or false labour

A

Uterine contractions which may be regular and/or painful, but are not associated with cervical effacement and dilatation

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21
Q

Oxytocic

A

Medication that stimulates contractions of the uterine muscle

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22
Q

Tocolytic

A

Medication to stop uterine contractions

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23
Q

Induction of labour

A

The process of causing labour to commence

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24
Q

Augmentation of labour

A

The process of stimulating a labour that has already started

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25
Placenta praevia
Placenta that approaches or covers the internal cervical os in late second or third trimester
26
Vasa Praevia
Fetal vessels lying in the membranes in front of the presenting part
27
Antepartum haemorrhage
Bleeding >5ml from the vagina after 20 weeks gestation
28
Abruption
Separation of the placenta from the uterus in the antenatal or intrapartum period
29
Post part haemorrhage
Vaginal bleeding of more than 500 ml in the first 24 hours after delivery
30
Secondary post partum haemorrhage
Vaginal bleeding of more than 500 ml more than 24 hours after delivery
31
Placenta accreta
Placenta that invades the myometrium
32
Uterine atony
Abnormal relaxation of the uterus after delivery, usually causing bleeding
33
Isoimmunisation
Blood group antibodies cross the placenta resulting in haemolysis of fetal red blood cells. Antibodies include D, c, K (Kell), Kidd, Duffy etc.
34
CTG
Cardiotocograph
35
Neonatal death
A liveborn infant who dies within 28 days of birth, of at least 20 weeks gestation or weighing >400gm if gestation is unknown
36
Stillbirth
An infant born after 20 weeks gestation ( or birthweight over 400gm if gestation is unknown) who did not show any signs of life after birth
37
Perinatal mortality rate
The number of stillbirths plus neonatal deaths per 1000 births
38
Maternal death
The death of a woman while pregnant (irrespective of the gestation) or within 42 days of the conclusion of the pregnancy irrespective of the cause of death or gestation at delivery
39
Maternity mortality rate
Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
40
Infant death
Death of an infant between 29 days and 1 year of life
41
Station
The level of descent of the presenting part relative to the pelvic brim or symphysis on abdominal palpation, or to the ischial spines on vaginal examination
42
Lie
The relationship between the long axis of the fetus and the long axis of the uterus, eg longitudinal, oblique, transverse
43
Position
The relationship of a defined area on the presenting part (the ‘denominator’) to the mother’s pelvis. In a cephalic presentation, the denominator is the occiput, thus the Position fetal position is described as occipito-anterior (OA), occipito-posterior (OP), left or right occipito-transverse (L/ROT). In a breech presentation, the denominator is the sacrum (SA, SP, ST).
44
Presentation
The part of the fetus which is presenting eg vertex, breech
45
Asynclitism
Side to side tilt of the fetal head
46
Caput
Oedema from obstructed venous return in the fetal scalp caused by pressure of the head against the cervix
47
Cervical incompetence
Painless cervical dilatation in the second trimester causing preterm labour
48
Cord prolapse
The cord is alongside or below the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes
49
Episiotomy
Surgical incision of the perineum during the second stage of labour
50
Third degree tear
Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles and external anal sphincter
51
Second degree tear
Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa and perineal muscles
52
Lochia
Vaginal discharge during the puerperium
53
Oligohydramnios
Reduced amniotic fluid
54
Polyhydramnios
Excess amniotic fluid
55
Pre Eclampsia
Hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy
56
Amniocentesis
Sampling of amniotic uid using a needle through the abdominal wall of the woman
57
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Chorionic villus sampling. Sampling of the placenta using a needle under ultrasound guidance
58
External cephalic version
Turning a breech baby to cephalic presentation through the maternal abdominal wall
59
Retained placenta
Placenta still in utero 1 hour after delivery of the baby
60
Precipitate labour
Labour less than 4 hours duration
61
Shoulder dystocia
Diffculty delivering the shoulders after delivery of the fetal head
62
Puerperium
The 6 weeks following delivery
63
Quickening
Maternal perception of fetal movements
64
Restitution
Rotation of the fetal head after delivery to align with the back and shoulders
65
Show
A discharge of blood and mucus from the vagina in early labour or the days preceding labour
66
Phototherapy
Use of standard uorescent white light or blue light therapy to photoisomerise bilirubin to allow for its excretion
67
Exchange transfusion
Procedure to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice in which blood is removed and replaced with donor blood. This removes the bilirubin and also the antibodies that have been causing haemolysis and jaundice.
68
Low birthweight baby
Less than 2500 grams
69
Very low birthweight baby
Less than 1500 grams
70
Neonatal respiratory distress
Tachypnoea, increased effort of breathing, noisy breathing and central cyanosis
71
Caesarean hysterectomy
Laparotomy at which the contents of the gravid uterus are delivered, then the uterus is excised (e.g. due to placenta accreta)
72
Perimortem CS
Caesarean performed on a moribund or dead woman with a view to preserving her life
73
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)
An overarching term for disturbed menstrual bleeding, which includes bleeding that is abnormally heavy or abnormal in timing
74
Primary ammenorrhea
Absence of periods ever
75
Secondary amenorrhea
Absence of periods for a 6-month period
76
Intermenstrual bleeding
Bleeding episodes between normally timed menstrual periods that are either random or follow a cyclical pattern
77
Irregular menstrual bleeding
Unpredictable onset of menses, with cycle variations of >20 days over a period of 1 year
78
Prolonged menstrual bleeding
Menstrual bleeding lasting >8 days on a regular basis
79
Acute AUB
An episode of heavy bleeding that, in the clinician’s opinion, is suffciently heavy to require immediate treatment to prevent further blood loss
80
Chronic AUB
Bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, duration, and/or frequency and has been present for most of the past 6 months
81
Heavy menstrual bleeding (replaces menorrhagia)
Excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman’s physical, emotional, social, and material quality of life, occurring alone or with other symptoms. Note that this definition includes menstrual bleeding deemed excessive by the patient regardless of its regularity, frequency, or duration
82
Dysmenorrhea
Pelvic pain during menstruation
83
Dyspareunia
Pain with sexual intercourse
84
Cervical excitation
Pain felt by the woman when her cervix is moved during vaginal examination, typically from free blood in the peritoneal cavity
85
Cervical ectropion
The endocervical columnar epithelium protrudes through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix
86
Infertility
Failure of a couple to conceive in 1 year
87
Endometriosis
The occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly on the pelvic peritoneal surfaces
88
Adenomyosis
The occurrence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium
89
Pelvic in ammatory disease (PID)
Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes or pelvis
90
Menopause
The final menstrual period
91
Premature menopause
Menopause occurring before 40 years of age
92
Climacteric/ perimenopause
The period of time when ovarian function declines and menopausal symptoms appear
93
Post menopause
The time after menopause
94
Lactational amenorrhea method
Effective contraception provided when a woman is fully breast-feeding a baby less than 6 months of age and has no return of menses
95
Eclampsia
A seizure in the clinical setting of preeclampsia

Fiona's MD3 facts (3 decks)

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