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women psych test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gender

A

the psychological characteristics asd social categories that human culture creates.

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2
Q

Sexism

A

is bias against people on the basis of their gender.

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3
Q

Racism

A

is bias against people on the basis of radical or ethnic groups

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4
Q

Classim

A

is a bias that is based on social class

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5
Q

Ableism

A

bias against people with disabilities

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6
Q

heterosexism or sexual prejudice

A

refers to a bias against anyone who is not exclusively heterosexual.

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7
Q

feminism

A

the principle that values women’s experiences and ideas; feminism also emphasizes that women and men should be socially, economically and leagaly equal

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8
Q

Liberal feminism

A

the goal of gender equality, giving women and men the same rights and opportunities.

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9
Q

Cultural feminism

A

emphasizes the positive qualities that are presumed to be stronger in women than in men - qualities such as nurturing and care taking.

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10
Q

Radical feminism

A

argues that the basic cause of women’s oppression lies deep in the entire sex and gender system, rather than in some superficial laws and policies.

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11
Q

Women of color feminism

A

points out that the other three types of feminism overemphasize gender.

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12
Q

similarities perspective

A

believe that men and women are generally similar in their similar in their intellectual and social skills.

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13
Q

social constructionism

A

individuals and cultures construct or invent their own versions of reality, based on prior experiences, social interactions and beliefs.

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14
Q

differences perspective

A

argues that men and women are generally different in their intellectual and social abilities.

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15
Q

essentialism

A

argues that gender is a basic, unchangeable characteristic that resides within an individual.

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16
Q

White -privilege concept

A

white people have certain privileges, based on their skin color

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17
Q

White as normative concept

A

which points out that being white is the normal standard in our culture.

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18
Q

intersectionality

A

emphasizes that each person belongs to multiple social groups, based on categories such as ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and social class.

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19
Q

U.S. centered nationalism

A

the United States is dominant over all countries in the world, which are believed to have lower status.

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20
Q

Operational definition

A

describes exactly how researchers will measure a variable in a study

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21
Q

empathy

A

is your ability to experience the same emotion that someone else is feeling

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22
Q

confounding variable

A

is any characteristic, other than the central variable being studied, that is not equivalent under all conditions.

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23
Q

practical significance

A

as the name implies, means that he results have some meaningful and useful implications for the real world.

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24
Q

gender as a subject variable

A

a characteristic within a person that influences the way she or he acts.

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25
gender as a stimulus variable
means a characteristic of a person to which other people react.
26
stereotypes
are beliefs and assumptions that we associate with particular groups of people.
27
gender stereotypes
are the beliefs that we associate with females and males
28
discrimination
refers to biased treatment of a particular group of people.
29
masculine generic or androcentric generic
is the use of masculine nouns and pronouns to refer to all human beings - both males and females - instead of males alone.
30
communion
emphasizes a concern for your relationship with other people.
31
agency
describes a concern with your own self-interests.
32
explicit gender stereotypes
the kind you supply when you are aware that you are being tested
33
implicit gender stereotypes
are the automatic stereotypes you reveal when you are not aware that your gender stereotypes are being assessed.
34
Hostile sexism
the more blatant kind of sexism is based on the idea that women should be subservient to men and should "know their place"
35
Benevolent sexism
is a more subtle kind of sexism that argues for women's special niceness and purity.
36
ambivalent sexism
therefore combines both hostile sexism and benevolent sexism.
37
lesbain
is a women who is psychologically, emotionally, and sexually attracted to other women.
38
gay male
is a man who is psychologically, emotionally and sexually attracted other men.
39
bisexual
is someone who is psychologically, emotionally and sexually attracted to both women and men.
40
heterosexism
is a belief system that devalues lesbians, gay males and bisexuals or any group that is not exclusively heterosexual
41
sexual prejudice
is a negative attitude that individuals hold against someone because of her or his sexual orientation.
42
gender polarization
when we divide the world int two groups - male and female - we tend to see all males as being similar, all females as being similar, and the two gender categories as being different from each other.
43
social cognitive approach
stereotypes are belief systems that guide and simplify the way we process information, including information about gender.
44
The normative male
the male experience is considered the norm - that is, the neutral standard for the species as a whole.
45
self-fulfilling prophecy
your expectations about someone may lead him or her to act to ways that confirm your original expectation
46
stereotype threat
your preformance may suffer
47
androgynous
a person who scores high on both scales of male and female
48
gender typing
includes how children acquire their knowledge about gender and how they develop their gender related personality characteristics, preferences, skills, behaviors, and self concepts.
49
prenatal period
the time before birth
50
infancy
the period between birth and 18 months of life
51
androgen
one of the male sex hormones.
52
estrogen
one of the female sex hormones
53
androgen insensitivity syndrome
a condition in which genetic males produce normal amounts of androgen, but a genetic condition makes their bodies not respond to androgen. As a result, the genital tubercle does not grow into a penis, the external genitals look female. These children are usually labeled girls because they lack a penis.
54
social constructionism
argues that we tend to construct or invent our own versions of reality based on our prior experiences and beliefs.
55
social learning approach
proposes two major mechanisms for explaining how girls learn to act "feminine" and how bos learn to act "masculine"
56
modeling or observational learning
two social learning components, children also learn by watching others and imitating them
57
cognitive developmental approach
argues that children are active thinkers who seek infomation from their environment; children also try to make sense of this infomration and organized it in a coherent fashion
58
gender schemas
how children organize information into two conceptual categories, female and male.
59
chilly classroom climate
operates, faculty members treat men and women differently in the classroom, and women may feel ignored and devalued. As a result,some women may participate less is discussions and may be less likely to feel academically competent.
60
frequency distribution
how many people in a sample receive each score
61
box-score approach or counting approach
researchers read through all the appropriate studies on a given topic and draw conclusions based on a tallly of their outcomes
62
altruism
providing unselfish help to others who are in need, without anticipating any reward
63
nurturance
is a kind of helping in which someone gives care to another person, usually someone who is younger or less competent.
64
empathy
when you (1) understand the emotion that another person is feeling (2) you experience that same emotion and (3) you are concerned about the person well-being
65
justice approach
each individual is part of a hierarchy in which some people have more power and influence than others
66
care approach
individuals are interrelated with other people in a web of connections
67
differences perspective
tends to emphasize that males and females are different from each other
68
similarities perspective
tends to minimize gender differences, arguing that males and females are generally similar.
69
glass ceiling
is an invisible but rigid barrier that seems to prevent women and people of color from reaching the top levels in many professional organizations
70
denial of personal disadvantage
many women are reluctant to acknowledge that they - personally - are the victims of discrimination
71
labyrinth metaphor
women in search of a promotion will encounter many difficulties along the route, including dead ends, detours and puzzling pathways
72
sticky floor
the situation of women who are employed in low-level dead-end jobs with no chance of promotion
73
glass escalator
phenomenon applies to men who enter fields that are often work; in these occupations, men are often quickly promoted to management positions

women psych test 1 (1 decks)

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