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Maternal Newborn > Women and Neonatal Health: Reproductive Infections > Flashcards

Women and Neonatal Health: Reproductive Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Why is sulfa not used late in pregnancy?

A

It increases jaundice in newborns.

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2
Q

Types of UTIs

A
  • asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB)
  • cystitis (lower UTI)
  • acute pyelonephritis
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3
Q

Causative agents of UTIs

A

E. coli
Klebs.
Proteus

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4
Q

Tx of ASB UTI: early in pregnancy

A

oral sulfonamides

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5
Q

Tx of ASB UTI: late in pregnancy

A

ampicillin and nitrofurantoin

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6
Q

Cystitis signs and symptoms

A
  • dysuria
  • urgency and frequency
  • low-grade fever
  • possible hematuria
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7
Q

Why should you still see a physician if taking AZO?

A

It will mask the symptoms of cystitis but is not a cure.

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8
Q

S/S of acute pyelonephritis

A

sudden onset of:

  • chills
  • high fever
  • flank pain
  • N/V/malaise
  • decreased UO
  • dehydration
  • increased systolic BP
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9
Q

Tx of acute pyelonephritis

A

requires hospitalization

  • IV antibiotics
  • carbenicillin, methenamine, cephalosporins
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10
Q

If left untreated, what risk does acute pyelo cause to baby?

A

premature birth and IUGR

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11
Q

vulvovaginal candidiasis

A

aka “yeast infection”

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12
Q

vulvovaginal candidiasis discharge

A

thick, curdy, cottage cheese-like

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13
Q

tx of yeast infection

A

miconazole or fluconazole

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14
Q

What risks do yeast infections present to newborn if present at birth?

A

thrush or diaper dermatitis (spread via in GI tract)

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15
Q

true or false: antifungals are used in the tx of baby and mom with yeast infection/thrush

A

true

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16
Q

bacterial vaginosis/ Gardnerella discharge

A

profuse, grey/yellowish, milky with “fishy odor”

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17
Q

tx for bacterial vaginosis/ Gardnerella

A

metronidazole (Flagyl) or clindamycin

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18
Q

When bacterial vaginosis/ Gardnerella is present during pregnancy, what risks does it pose for mom?

A
  • PROM
  • PTL
  • intra-amniotic (chorioamniocentisis) & postpartum infections
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19
Q

symptoms for trichomoniasis

A
  • greenish, frothy discharge
  • urinary sx
  • strawberry patches on cervix
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20
Q

true or false: “trich” moves on a slide

A

true

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21
Q

diagnostics for trich

A

Trich test or Affirm test

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22
Q

treatment for trich

A

metronidazole 2 grams

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23
Q

Can couples continue to have sex if trich is present?

A

No. Couples should abstain from sex until tx is complete and both are symptom-free.

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24
Q

What class of beverages should be avoided when diagnosed and on tx for trichomoniasis?

A

ETOH

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25
Most common STI in America
chlamydia
26
symptoms of chlamydia
- asymptomatic - purulent drainage or discharge - dysuria
27
If left untreated, what can chlamydia turn into?
- PID - ectopic PG - tubal infertility
28
Chlamydia: risks to newborn
eye infection and lung infection
29
Prophylactic tx of chlamydia in newborns
erythromycin eye ointment
30
tx for chlamydia in adults
azithromycin or doxycycline
31
how is chlamydia spread?
sexual contact
32
how long is the incubation period for syphylis?
10-90 days (multi-partnered people may not know who they got it from)
33
how is syphylis spread?
sexual contact contact with blood transplacentally during PG
34
at how many weeks gestation can syphylis cross the placenta?
14wks - START TX BEFORE 14wks and it won't affect baby
35
symptoms of syphylis: early
chancre (sore) at site of entry (disappears by 4wks) fever weight loss malaise
36
secondary symptoms of syphylis
condylomata lata - wart-like plaques
37
Other symptoms for syphylis include
``` rash arthritis chronic sore throat and hoarseness hepatosplenomegaly tender lymph nodes ```
38
true or false: to test for syphylis, blood is drawn and a VDRL and RPR test are performed
true
39
If symptoms of syph have been present for <1yr, what is tx?
2-4 million u PCN G - IM injection
40
tx for syph if sx are preset for unknown duration or >1yr
2.4 million u PCN x3wks
41
if not PG, what two meds are often given for syph?
doxycycline or tetracycline
42
if pt is allergic to pcn, what is tx plan?
desensitize pt to pcn and admin
43
When are blood "titer" levels done on mom and baby for syph?
mom @ 8 months | baby @ 3 months
44
What are the effects syph can have if mom is not treated before 14 weeks gestation?
IUGR infant preterm birth stillbirth
45
how is gonorrhea spread?
sexual contact
46
how do women typically present with gonorrhea?
may be asymptomatic - yellowish discharge - dysuria w/ frequency - vulvar irritation - erosion of cervix - pelvic or back pain
47
dx of gonorrhea
swab culture
48
medication for gonorrhea
ceftriaxone 250mg "IM"
49
true or false: the partner of an infected person with gonorrhea does not have to be treated
false
50
when should pt and partner be retested for gonorrhea after tx?
3 months
51
syphylis: risk to newborn
eye infection and pneumonia *prophylactic tx of erythromycin eye ointment at birth
52
symptoms of toxoplasmosis
asymp. OR fever with mono symptoms
53
what animal is a definitive host of toxoplasmosis? pt teaching?
cats have PG moms far away from litter box and gardening
54
neonatal conditions caused by toxoplasmosis
hydrocephaly chorioretinitis cerebral calcifications enlarged livers, rash, and jaundice after birth
55
tx for toxoplasmosis for mom
pyrimethamine, sulfa and folic acid x1yr
56
does toxoplasmosis affect baby different in different trimesters?
yes. 1st trimester - more neural defects 3rd - congenital infection
57
Rubella risk to baby
hearing loss
58
sx of herpes in newborn
CNS, oral, eyes, skin lesion
59
can a baby die of herpes
yes
60
what two stds lead to PID
chlamydia and gonorrhea
61
sx of pid
pelvic pain, malaise, fever, chills, N/V, bleeding
62
tx of PID
tx of pt and partner: antibiotics ie. Rocephin
63
GBS+ increases risk of what to mom
PROM, PTL, UTI, preterm birth
64
GBS+ increases risk of what to baby
``` neonatal sepsis (sx in 1wk) neonatal meningitis (sx within 1wk-3months) ```
65
Which infection is the women given antibiotics before and duing labor
GBS+
66
Stages of HIV sx
acute: mono sx asymptomatic (5-10yrs): most PG women are here symptomatic HIV AIDS (end-stage): wasting syndrome, tumors, infections
67
How is HIV passed to baby?
labor or breastmilk
68
how to prevent HIV transmission to baby
``` start ART meds 14weeks gestation (zdv) avoid amnios can do vag delivery (low viral loads - CS = high viral loads) wash baby immediately no breastfeeding ```
69
important med to give to HIV+ mom in labor/ aCS
ARV
70
why have HIV passage to baby declined
moms taking ART in PG delivering by CS before SROM no internal FHR monitoring during labor
71
are babies usually asymp. at birth for HIV
yes
72
initial med given to babies with HIV moms
AZT/ZDV *will take ART like mom if positive later

Maternal Newborn (6 decks)

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