Women Flashcards
Bob Connell (2002)
• Feminine identity in the UK = hegemonic ideas of how genders should be socialised and how they should behave as adults
Tuchman
• 2 roles = housewife/mother & sexual/romantic
Trowler (1)
•75% of TV ads use women for bathroom and kitchen products
Trowler (2)
• Twice as many women shown with children than men
Trowler (3)
• 56% of ads portrayed women as housewives
Trowler (4)
• women’s bodies are exploited shamelessly
Wolf (1990)
• ‘beauty ideal’ = women’s bodies are in constant need of improvement
Mulvey (1975)
• women are sex objects (male gaze)
Symbolic annihilation
- Tuchman
- Invisible
- Achievements rarely seen as newsworthy (76 countries assessed)
- women = decorative
- achievements trivialised
Women in sport
- Little coverage
* Things that are covered are sexualised, trivialised and devalued (women’s sport and fitness foundation 2006)
2012 Olympics
- 4.5% of news covered women’s sport
* significantly lower than men’s sport.
Duncan and Messner (2005)
- Media subject women to make gaze in sport
* Female athletes are often photographed in highly sexualised poses.
Symbolic annihilation: invisibility
• 2005:
~ less than 5% of Chief executives of the largest media companies in Britain were women.
~ Fewer than 10% of editors of national newspapers are women.
• Equal opportunities commission, 2005
Symbolic annihilation: achievements
- Achievements are presented as less important than sex appeal.
- Eg. Shakira has an IQ of Over 140 and can speak 5 languages fluently
Wilkinson (1994)
- “Genderquake”
- Media encourages ‘new women’
- Cultural and social changes over the years have started to emerge into British TV culture.
