wolf asthma copd drugs

Question 1

albuterol

Answer 1

SABA,

indications: asthma, acute bronchitis, COPD, bronchitis
adverse: headache, dizziness, insomnia, dry mouth, cough
contra: paradoxical bronchospasm, deterioration of asthma, cv effects, immediate hypersensity rxns

Question 2

terbutaline

Answer 2

SABA, selective B2
only B2 drug available by subcut injection(sulfa, contraind. with sulfur allergy)
indication: prophylaxis of bronchospasm assoc with asthma,bronchitis, and emphysema in patients 12 yo and older
cautions/warnings: not recommended for tocolysis
adverse effects: headache, nausea, tachycardia and palpations

Question 3

metaproterenol

Answer 3

SABA
indications: bronchodilator for bronchial asthma and fro reversible bronchispasm which may occur in assoc. w/ bronchitis and copd
Cautions/warning: can produce a significant cardiovascular effect in some patients. as w/ other beta adrenergic aerosols, metaprterenol can produce paradoxical bronchospasm which can be life threatening

Question 4

pirbuterol

Answer 4

saba
Ind: used in the prevention and reversal of bronchospasm in pt. 12 yo or older w/ reversible bronchospasm including asthma. may be used with or wihout concurrent theophylline and/or corticosteroid therapy
caut: cardiovascular: like other inhaled b adrenergic agonists, can produce a clinically significant cardiovascular effect in some px., as measured by pulse rate, bp and/or symptoms

Question 5

levalbuterol

Answer 5

saba, used in treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in pt. 4 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease
caut: life threatening paradoxical bronchspasm

Question 6

fomoterol

Answer 6

laba, long acting beta agonist
treatment of asthma in pt. more than 5 years as an add on to long term asthma control medication such as an inhaled corticosteroid
maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in pt. with copd
contraind: in asthma, do not use without the concomitant use of a long term asthma med such as inhaled corticosteroid. use of labas increases the risk of asthma related deaths and asthma related hospitalizations

Question 7

salmeterol

Answer 7

laba, treatment of asthma in patients 4yo or older. prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm EIB in pt. aged 4 years and older. Also, maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with copd

Question 8

indacaterol and vilanterol

Answer 8

laba. used to treat breathing problems caused by copd, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 9

olodaterol

Answer 9

laba. used in the long term, once daily maintenance bronchodilator treatment of airflow obstruction in pts. with copd, including chronic bronchitis and/or empysema

Question 10

atropine

Answer 10

muscarinic antagonist indicated for temporary blockade of severe or life threatening muscarinic effects.
caution: when the recurrent use of atropine is essential in patients with cad, the total does should be restricted to 2 to 3 mg to avoid the detrimental effects of atropine induced tachycardia on myocardial o2 demand

Question 11

ipratropium

Answer 11

used as a bronchodilator for maintenance treatment of bronchospasm
assoc w/ copd, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema
this drug is a potent atropine analog that is poorly absorbed after aerosol administration and is therefore relatively free of systemic atropine like effects

Question 12

tiotropium

Answer 12

an anticholinergic drug indicated for the long term, once daily, maintenance for treatment of bronchospasm
assoc w/ copd, and for reducing copd exacerbations

Question 13

aclidinium

Answer 13

indicated for the long term maintenance treatment of bronchospasm assoc w/ copd, chronic bronchitis, emphysema

Question 14

methylxanthines

Answer 14

a unique class of drugs that are derived from purine base xanthine, used in the treatment of airways obstruction caused by asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema
includes caffeine, theobromine present in chocolates

Question 15

theophylline

Answer 15

methylxanthine, smooth muscle relaxation(bronchodilation), suppression of the response of the airways to stimuli(non-bronchodilator prophylactic effects). asthma, emphysema, copd

Question 16

ICS

Answer 16

inhaled corticosteroids. most effective controllers for asthma, most effective anti inflammatory agents, reduces eosinophils, t cells, sputum, mast cells,
several effects on the inflammatory process,
major effect is to switch off the transciption of multiple activated genes that encode inflammatory proteins

Question 17

ics are

Answer 17

given twice daily, rapidly improves symptoms over several days, helps exercise induced asthma, reduce ahr, appears to prevent irreversible changes in airway function that occur with crhonic asthma, withdrawal causes deterioration, does not cure underlying conidtion
first line therapy for patients with persistent asthma, usual to add a laba as the next step

Question 18

beclomethasone

Answer 18

ics, maintenance treatment for asthma and as prophylactic therapy in patients 5 yo or older, who require oral corticosteroid therapy to reduce the need for systemic corticosteroids
cautions: particular care is needed in patients who are transferred from systemically active corticosteroids to beclomethasone because deaths due to adrenal insufficiency have occurred in asthmatic patients during and after transfer from systemic corticosteroids to less systemically available ics. after withdrawal from systemic corticosteroids, a number of months are required for recovery of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal funciton

Question 19

budesonide

Answer 19

ics. maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy in adult and pediatric px 6 years or older
caution: this drug should not be used where primary treatment of status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma where intensive measures are required. severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins and any of the ingredients in budenoside is contraindicated

Question 20

ciclesonide

Answer 20

prescribed as an ics indicated for maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy in px 12 or older
cautions: ciclesonide is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm. use is not recommeneded in the presence of candida infection of teh mouth and pharynx, tb, funcal, bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection

Question 21

flunisolide

Answer 21

indicated for the maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy in px 6 years or older. also indicated for asthma patients requiring oral corticosteroid therapy, where adding flunosolide therapy may reduce or eliminate the need for oral corticosteroids

Question 22

fluticasone

Answer 22

maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy in pax 4 or older. not indicated for relief of acute bronchospasm
warning: candida albicans infection of the mouth and pharynx may occur. monitor px periodically. advise the patient to rinse their mouth with h20 without swallowing after inhalation to help reduce the risk

Question 23

mometasone

Answer 23

maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy 4 or older.
cautions: use of this drug is contraindicated in pt. with status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma where intensive measures are required. also, contraindicated in pts. with a known hypersensitivity to milk proteins or any ingredients of memetasone

Question 24

triamcinolone

Answer 24

indicated in the maintenance treatment of asthma as prophylactic therapy
also indicated for asthma pts. who require systemic corticosteroid administration, where adding this agent may reduce the need for systemic corticosteroids
not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm
cautions: contraindicated in the primary treatment of status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma where intensive measures are required. particular care is needed in patients who are transferred from systemically active corticosteroids to triamcinolone bc deaths due to adrenal insufficiency have occured in in asthmatic pts. during and after transfer from systemic corticosteroids to ics in recommended doses

Question 25

prednisone

Answer 25

oral corticosteroid, used as an anti inflammatory or immunosuppressive agent for certain allergic, derm, gi, hematologic, ophthalmogic, nervous, renal, respiratory, rhumatologic, specific infecous, or organ transplant
also used for the treatment of certain endocrine conditions and for palliation of certain neoplastic conditions
cautions: may lead to hypothalamic pituitary HPA axis suppresssion. monitor patients for cushings syndrome and hyperglycemia with chronic use and taper does gradually for withdrawal after chronic use

Question 26

montelukast

Answer 26

orally active compound that binds with CysLT1 recpetor
inhibits physiological actions of LTD4 at Cystlt1 without any agonist activity
indications: treat allergies and prevent asthma attacks
caustions: not indicated for use in the reversal of bronchospasm in acute asthma attacks, including status asthmaticus
therapy with montelukast can be continued during actue exacerbations of asthma. pateints who have exacerbations of asthma after excercise should have available for rescue a saba

Question 27

zafirlukast

Answer 27

selective and competitive recpetor antagonist of LTD4 and LTE4, components of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis SRSA
prescribed for the prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma in adults and children 5 or older
caustions: hepatotoxicity: cases of life threatening hepatic failure have been reported

Question 28

zileuton

Answer 28

immediate release were withdrawn. contorlled release still available
inhibits 5 lipoxgenase and thus inhibits formation of LTB4, LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4
used as a prophylaxis and crhonic treatment of asthma in 12 and older, and not used to treat an acute asthma attack
caustion: not recommended in cases where active liver disease or persistent hepatic funciton enzyme elevations are 3x the upper limit of normal

Question 29

omalizumab

Answer 29

anti IgE ab indicated for moderate to severe persistend asthma in pts. 6 or older with a positive skin test or in vitro reactivity to a perennial aeroallergen and symptoms that are inadequately controlled with ihs
also indicated for chronic idiopathic urticaria 12 years and older who remain symptomatic despite H1 antihistamine treatment
warning: anaphylaxis, administer only in a healthcare setting prepared to manage anaphylaxis that can be life threatening and observe patients for a period of time after administration