WMD 2016 Flashcards
4 main categories of WMD
CBRNE-
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive
What does SLUDGEM stand for?
Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, Emesis, Miosis
What are ideal targets for secondary devices?
Decontamination corridors
What are the 2 types of decon that are available to first responders?
Emergency Gross Decon and Mass Decon
If possible what should happen before victims are transported after an explosion?
They should be decontaminated
You should not use two-way radios, cellular phones, or mobile data terminals within _____ of potential explosive devices.
300 feet
PPE and SCBA should be donned prior to arrival after explosion incident until when?
The involvement of CBRNE is ruled out
First arriving units should consider staging a minimum of ____ from the site or where debris/damage is first encountered
500 feet
Vehicle radios and MDT’s should be what within 300’ from the scene.
shut down
Portable radios can be left on but should not make any transmissions within___ of the suspected IED
50’
Entry into a post blast area should be limited to what?
Life safety purposes and exit the hot zone immediately for treatment
What are some secondary hazards after an explosive incident?
Unstable structures, Damaged utilities, Secondary devices, Patients/ Perpetrators, Bloodborne pathogens
What are 2 categories of explosives?
High order and Low order. Low order does not have over-pressurization
What are the basic mechanisms of blast injuries?
primary, secondary, tertiary, Quaternary
What is another type of blast injury?
Blast wind which is force of superheated airflow.
Biological agents will present in one of what 2 ways?
Focused response or public health emergency
The most important route of exposure to biological agents is through…
inhalation
For WMD event, response priorities are what?
Life safety, incident stabilization, and property and environmental concerns
During a Biological event harm can occur in what 2 ways?
Primary is etiological. Secondary harm is chemical and mechanical
What is the main goal to follow for a biological event for all first responders?
Self-protection
Chemical agents are divided into what 2 groups?
Toxic industrial chemicals (TIC), and chemical warfare
Generally chemicals tend to affect people at the same time except for what agents?
Mustard
What is the key factor to an overall successful response for a chemical incident?
removing patients and early mass decontamination
Where should you stage for chemical incidents?
Uphill and upwind at least 300’ away
All decon must be performed in what gear?
SCBA and PPE on air
In a purely chemical event what system of triage is not applicabke?
START
What 5 types of chemical agents?
Nerve, Blister, Choke, Blood, Irritant
Ionization radiation can be classified as emissions of what?
Alpha, Beta particles and Gamma rays
The standard measurement used for radiation is?
Roentgen
Exposure rate of radiation is measured by how?
By how much radiation is present per hour
Radiation in the natural background ranges from what?
5-20 micro-roentgen
Lethal dose of radiation for 50% of the population is what without medical aid and with?
300-400 roentgen, 600R
What is ALARA stand for?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
What are the basic principles of ALARA?
Maximize distance
Minimize exposure time
Maximize Shielding
What is the most dangerous type of exposure to the body and most difficult to treat?
Inhalation of radiological materials
If FD personnel are not equipped with a radiological dosimeter they may conduct life saving operations for a maximum of how long?
15minutes
What are the dose limits for FD operating in a radiological event?
5R- All activities
10R- Protecting property
25R-Life saving or protection of large populations
>25R- -Life saving or protection of large populations only by volunteers
What are the maximum Zone limits for RDD with Life Safety?
Cold Zone = 2mR/hr
Warm Zone = 12mR-10R/hr
Hot Zone = over 10R
What is the most dangerous type of exposure to the body and most difficult to treat?
Inhalation of radiological materials
What 2 types of clandestine labs?
illicit/illegal drugs and homemade explosives
LQC is used for determining if a situation is suspicious. What does it stand for?
Location, Quantity, Combination
What gas is the most effective gas for a quick and painless death?
Hydrogen Sulfide H2S
