WMA CHAP1 Flashcards
Introduction to Digital Image Processing
What is a digital image?
A representation of a two-dimensional image as a finite set of digital values, called picture elements or pixels.
What do pixel values typically represent?
- Gray levels
- Colours
- Heights
- Opacities
What does digitization imply about a digital image?
A digital image is an approximation of a real scene.
What are common image formats based on samples per point?
- 1 sample per point (B&W or Grayscale)
- 3 samples per point (Red, Green, and Blue)
- 4 samples per point (Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha)
What are the two major tasks of digital image processing?
- Improvement of pictorial information for human interpretation
- Processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for autonomous machine perception
In what industry was one of the first applications of digital imaging found?
The newspaper industry.
What was the Bartlane cable picture transmission service?
A system that transferred images by submarine cable between London and New York, coding pictures for cable transfer and reconstructing them at the receiving end.
What significant event in the 1960s boosted work in digital image processing?
Improvements in computing technology and the onset of the space race.
What was a notable application of digital image processing in the 1960s?
Improving the quality of images of the moon taken by the Ranger 7 probe.
What major medical advancement occurred in the 1970s related to digital image processing?
The invention of tomography, leading to Computerised Axial Tomography (CAT) scans.
List some areas where digital image processing techniques are used today.
- Image enhancement/restoration
- Artistic effects
- Medical visualization
- Industrial inspection
- Law enforcement
- Human-computer interfaces
What is a common use of digital image processing techniques?
To improve quality and remove noise.
What is the purpose of image enhancement techniques?
To make images more visually appealing and to add special effects.
What is a primary application of digital image processing in GIS?
Manipulating satellite imagery.
What is the role of industrial vision systems?
To replace human operators in various industries for inspection tasks.
How are image processing techniques used in law enforcement?
- Number plate recognition for speed cameras/automated toll systems
- Fingerprint recognition
- Enhancement of CCTV images
What are the key stages in digital image processing?
- Image Acquisition
- Image Enhancement
- Image Restoration
- Morphological Processing
- Segmentation
- Object Recognition
- Representation & Description
- Image Compression
- Colour Image Processing
What is colour constancy?
The ability of the human eye to perceive the color of an object as constant under varying lighting conditions.
What is the visible spectrum range in nanometers?
Between 380 and 700 nm.
What is the definition of ‘gamut’?
The total range of colours of something.
What is metamerism?
The phenomenon whereby something printed changes colour unpredictably under different light sources.
What are Optical Brightening Agents (OBAs)?
Chemicals used to achieve brighter whites and stronger colours in various contexts, such as detergents and toothpaste.
Fill in the blank: The human eye is an automatic _______ that adapts to different lighting conditions.
adaptor
True or False: Cameras automatically adapt to changes in lighting like the human eye does.
False
