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PPHI 511 Fundamentals of Global Health > wk3 RMNCH > Flashcards

wk3 RMNCH Flashcards

1
Q

RMNCH

A

reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health

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2
Q

List 4 out 6 institutes that are supporting child health

A 
UNICEF: State of the World's Children
WHO: Health Metrics Network
In-depth Network
Disease specific annual report 
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
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3
Q

the greatest global inequality

A

maternal death

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4
Q

equality vs equity

A

Equity is giving everyone what they need to be successful. Equality is treating everyone the same. Equality aims to promote fairness, but it can only work if everyone starts from the same place and needs the same help.

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5
Q

Maternal Mortality Ratio=

A

death during pregnancy and 42 days postpartum/100000 live births

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6
Q

the maternal mortality ratio in developing countries in 2018 was estimated to b

A

205/100000

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7
Q

the maternal mortality ratio in developed countries in 2018 was estimated to b

A

12/100000

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8
Q

Key Fact

Every day in 2018, approximately ? women died from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth.

A

800

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9
Q

Key Fact

Between 2000 and 2017, the maternal mortality ratio by?

A

38% worldwide

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10
Q

Key Fact

? of all maternal deaths occur in low and lower middle-income countries

A

94%

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11
Q

Key Fact

who face a higher risk of complications and death as a result of pregnancy than other women.

A

age 10-14

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12
Q

order the top 3 causes of maternal death: lifetime risk of maternal mortality

A
  1. hemorrhage
  2. hypertension
  3. other indirect causes
  4. —unsafe abortion
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13
Q

cause of abortion ?%

A

9

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14
Q

cause of sepsis ?%

A

8

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15
Q

Reproductive Human Rights include the actives: 4

A

abortion, access to family planing, no forced sterilization, reproductive health education

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16
Q

what is Mexico City Policy?

A

a United States government policy that blocks US federal funding for non-governmental organizations that provide counselling or referrals, advocate to decriminalize abortion or expand abortion services

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17
Q

what does Mexico City Policy refer to? what is the current situation?

A
  • a global gag rule

- trump extended to include any partner organization in 2019

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18
Q

Worldwide, ? of women report sexual violence. Majority by whom?

A

35%

husband or family members

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19
Q

?% of adolescent boys view nothing wrong with forced sex

A

62%

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20
Q

in Sierra Leone, ?% of survivor of sexual assault are under the age of 15

A

70%

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21
Q

abortion is illegal in all but three countries in?

A

South Asia , Africa, South America

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22
Q

what is infanticide

A

kill the infants that are unwanted

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23
Q

how many unsafe abortion per year worldwide?

A

20 million

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24
Q

Key fact

AP most in ? countries

A

low-middle income countries

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25
Key fact | Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the # cause of death for 15-19 year-old girls globally
2nd
26
Key fact | Every year, # girls aged 15 to 19 undergo unsafe abortion
3 million
27
Key fact | Babies born to adolescent mothers face a substantially higher risk of ? than those born to women aged 20 to 24
dying
28
``` Key fact # girls aged 15 to 19 and some # girls under 15 give birth every year ```
about 16 million about 1 million
29
Safe Deliveries: 2 assisstance
TBAs---traditional birth attendants for home deliveries facukuty based deliveries
30
list 5 items should include in a safe home delivery kit as a public intervention
- chlorhexidine - steriized razor blade - an emollient (润滑油/剂） - scale - ThermoSpot: heat indicator to monitor the temperature-- in case of hypothermia or fever - Mylar infant sleeve - Oxytocin
31
children under 15 subjected to violence/conflict
1 billion
32
children experiencing daily hunger
350 million
33
under 15 child laborers
150 million
34
children 5-10 years old not in school
75 million
35
which cause for under-5 death takes the highest proportion
neonatal disease, 47%
36
annually under-5 death #
5.7 million
37
the top 3 causes that have the highest reduction for death under 5 from 2000 to 2017
ARI, diarrhea disease, malaria, other infections
38
the highest under-5 mortality rates are in ? how common?
sub-Saharan Africa | 1 in 12 die before age 5
39
the top two regions for concern of under-5 mortality
sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia--- 80% death
40
describe the cause of hue disparities of U5MR remain in Brazil
emerging economy
41
how to count U5MR?
of death/1000 live birth
42
describe the cause of hue disparities of U5MR remain in DRC (Congo) vs in Sengal
very poor but not stable vs very poor but stable
43
Key fact Immunization currently averts an estimated # deaths every year. An additional # deaths could be avoided, however, if global vaccination coverage improve
- 2 to 3 million | - 1.5 million
44
Key fact | An estimated # infants worldwide are still missing out on basic vaccines
19 million
45
Key fact | •Vaccine-preventable diseases (12
cervical cancer, D:diphtheria, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, P:pertussis (whooping cough), pneumonia, polio, rotavirus diarrhoea, cholera, rubella and T:tetanus
46
IMNCI
Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness
47
IMNCI focus (3
- the well-being of the whole child - reduce death, illness and disability - to promote improved growth and development among children under five years of age.
48
IMNCI ncludes curative elements that are implemented by communities as well as by health facilities
F includes both preventive and curative elements that are implemented by families and communities as well as by health facilities
49
3 components of IMNCC
IMNCC Components •Improving case management skills of health-care staff •Improving overall health systems •Improving family and community health practices
50
the order of IMNCC steps
Cure -- prevention -- health promotion
51
the 6 steps of IMNCI case management process: ACI TCG
1. Assessment 2. Classify (three levels: red-yellow-green) 3. identify treatments 4. treatment 5. counselling the mother (maternal health and feeding problems) 6. give follow up care
52
the medical response to each level of the color-coded triage system, IMNCI
R: urgent pre-referral treatment Y: specific medical treatment and advice G: simple advice on home management
53
6 out of 12 key family practices for newborn
1. Exclusive Breastfeeding 2. Complementary feeding / Weaning 3. Micro-nutrients supplementation 4. Hygiene 5. Immunization as per EPI. 6. Preventing Malaria 7. Promote mental and social development by responding to a child’s needs for care 8.Home care during Illness 9. Give sick children appropriate home treatment for infections.10.Care Seeking. 11.Compliance with advice 12.Antenatal Care
54
what are asked for micro-nutrient supplements for newborn
Va, iron and zinc
55
what are asked for hygiene
dispose of feces and wash hands
56
An equity-focused strategy that complements and extends the reach of public health services by providing timely and effective treatment of _____, _____ and ______ to populations with limited access to facility-based health care providers, and especially to children under 5.
malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea
57
CHWs are trained, supplied and supervised to diagnose and treat children for malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea, using ______, ______, _____
artemisinin-based combination therapies oral antibiotics oral re-hydration salts and zin
58
WHO suspected under-five serious infection “red button” signs indicating need to refer and this is applicable to whom? (6)
``` ` Suddenly not feeding •Feeling cold to touch •Convulsion •Disoriented, difficult to engage •Repeated vomiting •Difficulty breathing ``` any child 1 to 59 months
59
Prediction Equations based upon social, past history and clinical information: list 4 factors out of 7
* Age * Indrawing * Fast breathing (RR) * Diarrhea * Lethargy * Irritability * O2 Sat
60
compare WHO red button vs app+CHWs
cost-wise : CHWs (IMNCI) | more accurate admission: WHO red button

PPHI 511 Fundamentals of Global Health (2 decks)

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