[Wk1: CLP & FCM] 1.1 Drug Therapy

Question 1

Branch of biomedical science which includes drug discovery, the study of the effects of drugs on their targets in living systems and their clinical use, as well as the study of biological function related to these chemicals

Answer 1

Clinical Pharmacology

Question 2

Goals of Clinical Pharma

Answer 2

Improvement of px care by:
> devt of better meds
> promotion of safe and more effective use of drugs

Question 3

Scope of Clinical Pharmacology

Answer 3

` drug devt
` devt of new target molecules
` RDU
` learning effects of drugs to the general population

Question 4

What are the 4 processes of Drug Therapy

Answer 4

1 pharmaceutical
2 PK
3 PD
4 therapeutics

Question 5

2 factors that determine whether a drug gets into the patient

Answer 5

1 compliance

2 systemic variability

Question 6

First thing to be evaluated when drug therapy appears to be ineffective

Answer 6

Non-compliance

Question 7

Processes of Drug Therapy

Main question: Is the drug getting from the formulation into the patient?

Other qns
` is the patient taking the drug?
` is the formulation ideal?
` is the route of administration appropriate
` is the patient taking the drug properly

Answer 7

Pharmaceutical

Question 8

Processes of Drug Therapy

Main question: Is the drug getting to its site of action?

Other qns
` is the drug being absorbed?
` is there an altered distribution?
` is there an increased metabolic or renal clearance?

Answer 8

PK

Question 9

concerned with ADME

Answer 9

PK

- - 
katawan --> drug 
` what the body does to the drug 
` how the body handles the drug 
` how the drug is altered as it travels through the body

Question 10

Processes of Drug Therapy

Main question: Is the drug producing its required pharma effect?

Answer 10

PD 
- 
 drug --> body 
` actions of the drug to the body 
` how the drug affects the body 
`receptor interactions, drug interactions, mechanism of therapeutic and toxic actions
- 
 consider factors that alter drug effects such as 
bacterial resistance 
tachyphylaxis 
tolerance

Question 11

describes the relationship between drug concn and pharma effects

Answer 11

PD

Question 12

How do drugs produce their effects?

Answer 12

` thru direct effect on receptor 
` indirect alteration of the effect of an endogenous agonist 
` inhibition of transport processes 
` enzyme inh or activation of an enzyme 
`others 

- - 
[`] inclusions 
` chem structure activity and relx 
` MOA 
` dose response curve 
` therapeutic and toxic effects

Question 13

degree to which a drug is attached to the receptor

Answer 13

affinity

Question 14

a measure of the amount of drug needed to producew a particular effect

Answer 14

potency

Question 15

`correlated with efficacy

` a measure of the ability of a drug to generate a response to the receptor

Answer 15

intrinsic activity

Question 16

a measure of a drug's capacity to produce the desired therapeutic effect or maximal response refers to the ability of a drug-receptor complex to produce a functional response

Answer 16

efficacy

Question 17

Processes of Drug Therapy

Main question: Is the pharmacological effect being translated into therapeutic effect?

Answer 17

Therapeutics

Question 18

when a drug is administered orally the following PK processes occur

a. absorption in GIT
b. removal of the drug from plasma
c. exertion of drugs pharmacological action
d all of the above
e. a and b only

Answer 18

E. A and B

Question 19

What drug is the reason why the pharmacological effect of a drug is not translated into a therapeutic effect?

a. poor compliance
b. tachyphylaxis
c. increased biotransofmration
d. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Answer 19

B. tachyphylaxis

Question 20

a 65 y.o. patient was given nitroglycerin ointment in the usual therapeutic dose as a maintenance drug of angina pectoris. the px has no complaints of chest pain the first 3 mos of meds but lately she has been having angina pains

a. therapeutics
b. PD
c. PK
d. Pharmaceutical

Answer 20

PD

Question 21

AGA, 55 yo F, developed new set of mild-moderate seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Her sx were not relieved by ingestion of innovator aspirin 4x/day

Process?

Answer 21

Pharmaceutical

Question 22

AGA, 55 yo F, developed new set of mild-moderate seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Her sx were not relieved by ingestion of innovator aspirin 4x/day

Specific reason?

a. enhanced metab
b. inappropriate drug
c. tolerance
d. suboptimal dose

Answer 22

D. Suboptimal dose

Question 23

AGA, 55 yo F, developed new set of mild-moderate seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Her sx were not relieved by ingestion of innovator aspirin 4x/day

Since AGA was not relieved by Aspirin, her doctor prescribed oral Methotrexate 7.5mg each wk, which worked well with her for several mos. Px however was prescribed Probenecid to treat her asx hyperuricemia. The next dose of Methotrexate was followed by profound pancytopenia and sepsis

Process?

Answer 23

TP (Therapeutics)

Question 24

AGA, 55 yo F, developed new set of mild-moderate seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Her sx were not relieved by ingestion of innovator aspirin 4x/day

Since AGA was not relieved by Aspirin, her doctor prescribed oral Methotrexate 7.5mg each wk, which worked well with her for several mos. Px however was prescribed Probenecid to treat her asx hyperuricemia. The next dose of Methotrexate was followed by profound pancytopenia and sepsis

Specific Reason?

Answer 24

D-D interacx