WK1 Blood

Question 1

Name 3 groups of cells found in blood

Answer 1

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Question 2

Name 5 WBCs present in blood & functions

Answer 2

Neutrophils: phagocytize bacteria
Eosinophils: kills parasitic worms and part of allergic response
Lymphocytes: inflammation response leader, directing cell attack and antibodies
Basophils: inflammation response and contain heparin
Monocytes: phagocytosis and develop into macrophages

Question 3

Function of neutrophils

Answer 3

phagocytise bacteria, wbc

Question 4

function of eosinophils

Answer 4

kill parastic worms and part of allergic response, WBC

Question 5

function of lymphocytes

Answer 5

inflammation leader - direct cell attack and antibodies

Question 6

function of basophils

Answer 6

inflammation response, contain heparin

Question 7

function of monocytes

Answer 7

phagocytosis and develop into macrophages

Question 8

what is hemostasis

Answer 8

sequence of events that prevent blood loss

Question 9

what determines blood type

Answer 9

the presence of inherited antigens on the surface of erythrocytes

Question 10

what are the 3 phases of hemostasis

Answer 10

1. vascular spasms
2. platelet plug formation
3. coagulation

Question 11

what are thrombocytes

Answer 11

AKA platelets, fragments of cells in blood, stop bleeding by forming plugs and releasing chemicals for clotting

Question 12

what is the fluid portion of blood called

Answer 12

plasma

Question 13

what is hemoglobin & its function

Answer 13

• contains iron, red pigment in RBCs

- binds to oxygen and CO2 in blood, allows for RBCs to transport oxygen

Question 14

what do erythrocytes lack and lifespan

Answer 14

120 days, lack nuclei

Question 15

where and how is iron stored in the body

Answer 15

• most of the body’s iron is in hemoglobin (RBCs), protein responsible for transporting O2
• other iron is stored in feritin, a universal protein inside cells - in liver, spleen, muscle tissue, bone marrow and transferred throughout the body with transferrin

Question 16

what does P wave indicate

Answer 16

atrial depolarisation, initiated by SA node, contraction of atria = 0.1s

Question 17

what does T wave indicate

Answer 17

ventricular repolarization

Question 18

what does QRS complex indicate

Answer 18

results from ventricular depolarisation, preceded ventricular contraction
0.08s

Question 19

what does ST segment indicate

Answer 19

ventricular depolarization complete

Question 20

what does PR interval indicate

Answer 20

atrial contraction and depolarisation, is the beginning of atrial excitation to ventricular excitation

Question 21

What does Q wave indicate

Answer 21

begins ventricular excitation

Question 22

What is myocardial infarction

Answer 22

term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart, caused by transient spasm of coronary arteries

Question 23

define cardiac output

Answer 23

the amount of blood pumped by each side of the heart in one minute
HR x SV = CO

Question 24

define stroke volume

Answer 24

volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction, approx 70 mls/beat/ventricle

Question 25

why do veins have valves

Answer 25

have no pressure

Question 26

define systolic pressure

Answer 26

max pressure exerted by blood against artery wall

result of ventricular systole

Question 27

define diastolic pressure

Answer 27

lowest pressure in artery
result of ventricular diastole
normal = 80 mmhG

Question 28

Short term regulation of BP

Answer 28

Controlled by ANS: changes in blood pressure detected by baroreceptors, feedback to ANS

• increased arterial pressure = reduce HR via efferent parasympathetic fibres - reduce bP
• decreased arterial pressure = sympathetic response = stimulates increase in HR and cardiac contractility

Question 29

Long-term regulation of BP

Answer 29

RAAS System: renin - angiotensinogen - angiotensin I then angiotensin II using ACE

• Angiotensin II = Vasoconstricter, acts directly on kidney to increase Na intake
• promotes aldosterone release = increase salt and water retention

ADH - produced in hypothalamus, increases permeability to water, increasing water reabsorption = increase plasma volume and decrease osmolarity

prostaglandins = local vsodilators