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BI231 Wk 8 Ch 10 + 11 Muscles > Wk 8 Ch 10 + 11 > Flashcards

Wk 8 Ch 10 + 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

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2
Q

5 universal characteristics of all muscle tissue

A

Excitability, conductivity, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

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3
Q

Excitability

A

ability of a muscle cell (or nerve cell) to respond to a stimulus by generating an electrical signal called an action potential

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4
Q

Conductivity

A

ability of muscle tissue to transmit an electrical impulse or stimulus along its entire length, enabling coordinated muscle response

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5
Q

Contractility

A

ability of muscle tissue to shorten and generate force when stimulated, transforming chemical energy into mechanical work

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6
Q

Extensibility

A

ability of muscle tissue to be stretched or elongated beyond its resting length without damage, then return to its original shape

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7
Q

Elasticity

A

ability of muscle tissue to return to its original length and shape after being stretched or deformed, without permanent change

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8
Q

Functions of skeletal muscle

A

movement, stability, heat production, hormone secretion, glycemic control

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9
Q

3 Muscle cells

A

Skeletal muscle: muscle fiber
Cardiac muscle: cardiomyocyte
Smooth muscle: smooth muscle cell

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10
Q

How do muscle fibers develop?

A

myogenesis

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11
Q

What are the types of fascicular arrangements/orientations?

A

Fusiform muscles, parallel muscles, triangular muscles, pennate muscles, circular muscles

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12
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A broad, flat sheet of connective tissue that connects muscle to bones; tendon

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13
Q

Prime mover (agonist)

A

muscle that produces most of the force during a particular joint action or movement

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14
Q

Synergist

A

muscle that aids the prime mover by supporting the primary movement and helping to coordinate the action of a joint

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15
Q

Antagonist

A

muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover, working on the opposite side of a joint to slow, stop, or limit movement

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16
Q

Fixators

A

muscle that prevents a bone from moving, holding it steady to allow another muscle to pull on something else

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17
Q

How are muscles named?

A

location, size, shape, direction of muscle fibers, number of origins, action, attachments

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18
Q

Sarcolemma definition and function

A
  • specialized plasma membrane of a muscle fiber cell
  • surrounds and protects the muscle fiber, support muscle fiber excitation and contraction
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19
Q

Sarcoplasm definition and function

A
  • cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
  • contains cellular organelles, houses myofibrils, supports muscle fiber metabolism and contraction. stores glycogen, myoglobin, mitochondria
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20
Q

Myofibrils definition and function

A
  • long protein cords that fill most of a muscle cells cytoplasm
  • responsible for muscle contraction, contain myofilaments. generate muscle movement, transmit contractile force, enable muscle fiber shortening
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21
Q

Myofilaments definition and function

A
  • protein strands within muscle fibers that enable muscle contraction
  • generate muscle movement, transmit tactile force, create muscle tension
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22
Q

Transverse tubules definition and function

A
  • tubular infoldings of the sarcolemma that penetrate through the muscle fiber
  • conduct electrical signals deep into muscle fiber, trigger calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, enable rapid signal transmission within muscle cell, coordinate muscle fiber excitation and contractiom
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23
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum definition and function

A
  • specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells that stores and releases calcium ions
  • stores calcium ions, release calcium during muscle contractions, regulate calcium levels in muscle fiber, trigger muscle for fiber activation
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24
Q

Terminal cisternae definition and function

A
  • dilated end sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that cross the muscle fiber
  • store calcium ions, release calcium during muscle contraction
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25
Q

Triad definition and function

A
  • structural unit in skeletal muscle consisting of a transverse tubule flanked by two terminal cisternae
  • coordinate electrical signal transmission, facilitate calcium ion release, enable rapid muscle fiber excitation and contraction
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26
Q

Thick filament definition and function

A
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27
Q

Thin filament definition and function

A
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28
Q

A band definition and function

A
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29
Q

I band definition and function

A
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30
Q

Zone of overlap definition and function

A
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31
Q

H band definition and function

A
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32
Q

M line definition and function

A
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33
Q

Z disc definition and function

A
34
Q

F-actin function and structure

A
35
Q

Tropomyosin function and structure

A
36
Q

Troponin function and structure

A
37
Q

Myosin function and structure

A
38
Q

Describe the changes that occur in a sarcomere during a muscle contraction

A
39
Q

Action potential

A
40
Q

Synaptic terminal

A
41
Q

Acetylcholine (Ach)

A
42
Q

Synaptic cleft

A
43
Q

Motor end plate

A
44
Q

ACh receptor

A
45
Q

AChE

A
46
Q

Describe the events that happen at the neuromuscular junction

A
47
Q

Motor unit

A
48
Q

Steps of a muscle contraction (general)

A
49
Q

Excitation contraction coupling

A
50
Q

Describe the events during the contraction cycle (figure 11.8-11.11)

A
51
Q

Describe the length tension relationship (figure 11.12)

A
52
Q

Latent period of a muscle twitch

A
53
Q

Contraction phase of a muscle twitch

A
54
Q

Relaxation phase of a muscle twitch

A
55
Q

What factors influence the muscle twitch (5)

A
56
Q

Recruitment

A
57
Q

Concentric vs. eccentric contraction

A
58
Q

Isotonic muscle contraction

A
59
Q

Isometric muscle contraction (give ex for both)

A
60
Q

What is oxygen debt

A
61
Q

Sources of energy for muscles

A
62
Q

Creatine phosphate

A
63
Q

How is ATP produced in muscles

A
64
Q

Physiological classes of muscle fibers

A

Type I; slow; slow oxidative
Type IIB; fast; fast glycolytic
Type IIA; intermediate; fast oxidative

65
Q

Resistance exercise

A
66
Q

Endurance exercise

A
67
Q

Muscle hypertrophy

A
68
Q

Muscle atrophy

A
69
Q

Study table 11.4

A
70
Q

Structure and function of intercalated discs

A
71
Q

Function of cardiac muscle

A
72
Q

Autorhythmic

A
73
Q

Pacemaker

A
74
Q

Smooth tissue location

A
75
Q

Unique characteristics of smooth muscle

A
76
Q

Varicosities

A
77
Q

What affects the excitation of smooth muscle

A

autonomic fibers and neurotransmitters, chemicals, temperature, stretch, autorhythmicity

78
Q

How do smooth muscles contract

A
79
Q

Calmodulin

A
80
Q

Myosin light chain kinase

A
81
Q

Peristalsis stress relaxation plasticity

A

BI231 Wk 8 Ch 10 + 11 Muscles (1 decks)

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